محمد امین احمدی

This study examines and explains the long-term relationship between clean energy consumption (nuclear and renewable) and non-clean energy (fossil energy) and economic growth using panel data during the period 1980-2080. In order to investigate the relationship between variables in the long run, panel causality test has been used. Experimental results show that there is a collective relationship between the variables. According to the results, the revenue elasticity of nuclear energy consumption, renewable energy consumption and fossil fuel consumption is between zero and one, which indicates that nuclear energy, renewable energy and fossil fuels are essential commodities for countries. Also, with a one percent increase in nuclear energy consumption, renewable energy consumption and fossil fuel consumption, GDP will increase by 0.069 percent, 0.176 percent and 0.398 to 0.749 percent, respectively. Short-term causal analysis indicates a two-way causal relationship between fossil energy consumption and economic growth, nuclear energy consumption and renewable energy. The results also indicate a one-way causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth. Also, in the long run, there is a two-way causal relationship between economic growth, fossil fuel energy consumption and renewable energy consumption, and a one-way causal relationship from economic growth to nuclear energy consumption.

In a conventional economy, market performance is assumed to be optimal, but for reasons such as market failure, market efficiency is taken away, in which case the government enters as a solution to deal with market failure. But then the government itself fails. One of the main causes of government failure is human self-interest. Our method in this research is based on library information and documents and analysis of documents. The results show that the views of Martyr Sadr and Motahhari are different, so that the view of Martyr Motahhari on the relationship between religion and individual and social interests is minimal and the view of Martyr Sadr is maximum. In a concrete model of Islam, using the framework of religious commands and prohibitions, and providing indicators for moral selection based on the religion of the agents of the Islamic State, puts the social interest in the scope of individual interest, thus failing to fail. The government opposes.

Today, the issue of smuggling has become one of the main concerns of the country; therefore, identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting smuggling of goods is the problem of this research. In fact, we seek to identify the main causes of smuggling of goods in the current circumstances of Iran (Islamic Republic of), according to experts' opinions, which can ultimately solve this problem in the country. The method of answering this question is by referring to the experts in this field and analyzing them through the Fuzzy Delphi method. The results of this research show that among the four categories of economic, cultural-social, legal-judicial and law enforcement factors, legal-judicial, economic and law enforcement agents are effective in goods smuggling. More specifically, the time and appropriate punishment elements of the criminals, the country's foreign exchange system, the discretion of the relevant authorities, corruption in law enforcement agencies, inappropriate tariff policies and the technical weaknesses of the custom system are the main causes of smuggling in the country. Policy makers should pay attention to these factors.

Introduction and Aims: Type, intensity and duration of exercise, determining the effect of exercise on haematological indexes. The aim of this study was comparison of the effects of acute moderate-and high-intensity aerobic exercise on some hematological parameters and exercise-induced thrombocytosis in female college futsal players. Eleven female futsal player of Jahrom University who had at least six months futsal training, voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects, runs on the track and field piste for 30 min at 65 % maximal heart rate in first week and in second week run with 80% maximal Heart rate. Blood was drawn immediately before and after exercise. The results showed that blood platelets (P=0.02), hematocrit (P=0.001), the mean corpuscular volume (P=0.01) was significantly increased after moderate-intensity exercise. Also, blood platelets (P=0.001), the mean corpuscular volume (P=0.01) increased significantly and hemoglobins (P=0.001), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values (P=0.001), was significantly reduced after high intensity exercise. There was significant difference in hemoglobins (P=0.007), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P=0.004) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P=0.002) values between moderate-and high-intensity exercise. Based on the findings of this study, acute exercise with different intensity can have a significant effect on some blood parameters in female futsal academic.

Inactive lifestyle has increased by urbanization and technological progress. It is a factor in increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity.This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and overweight with lifestyle and fitness level in students. In this applied study, 360 students of Jahrom University (107 males aged 21.57±1.93 years and 253 females aged 20.91±1.63 years) were selected by random cluster sampling method. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Lifestyle and fitness level were evaluated using Berslow Life Index questionnaire and physical fitness index. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate association between study factors. The results show that the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity were 34.16% and 3.04% respectively. The relationship between BMI and lifestyle was (r = - 0.47; p = 0.02) and fitness levels (r = - 0.51; p = 0.02) in sport science student. There was aslso a negative relationship between BMI and lifestyle (r = -0.52; p = 0.01) in men students studying science. While a significant relationship was not observed between BMI and lifestyle in other faculties and both sexes. The results indicate that active lifestyle and a higher fitness level is inversely related to BMI, obesity, and overweight. In addition, Obesity and overweight are less common in active people than inactive people.

Increase in the number of white blood cells is called leukocytosis which usually can be seen after exercise. This study aimed to investigate the effect of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase on young men's leukocytosis after a session of high intensity interval exercise in the morning and evening.
In this quasi-experimental study, 11 sport sciences male students with an average age of 19.81±0.98 participated. Subjects in two separate sessions at an interval of three days performed high-intensity interval exercise (Based on maximum heart rate) in the morning and evening. In each session, blood samples were taken before and immediately after performing the exercise protocol. Repeated measures analysis of variance and dependent t-test were used to compare changes of variables levels. The relationship between variables were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient and the level of statistical significance was set at P The results showed that the concentration of creatine kinase after exercise in the morning (P=0.025), lactate dehydrogenase in the evening (P=0.01), the number of total leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in both morning and evening (P0.05). There was Significant correlation between creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase with lymphocytes in the evening (P The results showed that the muscle damage caused by high-intensity interval exercise in the evening is associated with changes in leukocytes and it seems that the exercise-induced leukocytosis partly could be due to increased indirect markers of muscle damage.

Due to physical and mobility limitations, veterans and disabled people have poorer quality of life and sleep. The purpose of this study was to survey the quality of sleep and life in veterans and disabled professional cycling team athletes participating in the national championship competition.

Fifty-two subjects participated in this descriptive-analytical study, including twenty-six veterans and disabled professional cyclists who had participated in a national championship competition held in Shiraz and 26 volunteer non-athlete veterans and disabled persons selected by convenient sampling. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and SF-12 questionnaire were used to collect data and Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.

There was a significant difference in the total score of quality of life and its scales between the two groups (P<0.05); so that, the cyclist group showed a better status. Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups in total score of sleep quality (P = 0.001) and the constructs of sleep latency (P=0.01), sleep duration (P=0.008), sleep disturbances (P=0.007) and use of sleeping medications (P=0.001); so that, the cyclist group had a lower score in the mentioned items and had a better status. There was no significant correlation between the total score of quality of life and total score of sleep quality in the cyclist (r=-0.14, P=0.49) or non-athlete (r=-0.06, P=0.74) groups.

The present study showed that the veteran and disabled professional cyclists that participated in the national championship had good sleep quality and quality of life compared to the non-athlete disabled persons.

  Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is an important marker for the evaluation and detection of the left ventricular systolic dysfunction. It seems that physical activity and circadian rhythms are effective in the changes of BNP concentration. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of low-volume high-intensity interval aerobic exercises in the morning and evening on BNP changes and double product in active men.

This study was conducted on 11 male physical education students of Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran. The study population was selected using the purposive sampling technique. The participants were subjected to two separate sessions (with an interval of 3 days) of low-volume high-intensity aerobic exercise in the morning and evening. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after every activity both in the morning and evening. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 17) using independent t-test to compare the mean pretest and posttest upon each session and obtain the mean difference between the morning and evening data. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results showed that BNP concentrations increased after exercise in the morning and evening; however, this increase was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In addition, the results showed that the double product in the morning and evening significantly enhanced after performing the exercises (P=0.001). There was a significant difference between the BNP concentrations obtained in morning and evening in terms of double product (P=0.035).

Despite the lack of a significant difference between morning and evening BNP concentrations, due to the lower mean concentration of BNP in the evening, it seems that exercise in the evening exerted less stress on the myocardial wall and could be more appropriate.

Nurses are constantly facing stressful factors due to the nature of their job. These stressors can affect their physical, psychological and social health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity and social health and spiritual intelligence among nurses.
This casual-comparative study was conducted with participation of 86 nurses working in Jahrom's hospitals. Keyes social health and King’s spiritual intelligence questionnaire were used in the study. Data were analyzed via SPSS-18 software.
Participants were categorized as active (n=52) and inactive (n=34), based on their physical activity. The mean (SD) age of active and inactive nurses was 25.7 (5.1) and 25.9 (4.5) respectively. Among spiritual intelligence subscales, a difference was observed in the subscale of state of consciousness (P Physical activity was associated with social health and spiritual intelligence among nurses in Jahrom. We propose that physical activity be included in nurses’ daily schedule.

Studies have shown that acute exercise can increase serum concentrations of cardiac biomarkers, including brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The aim of this study was to compare of the effects of two types of acute continuous (CE) and intermittent aerobic exercises (IE) on serum BNP concentration and myocardial workload in sedentary men.
Subjects and Eleven sedentary healthy men aged 22.3±1.9 years completed this semi-experimental study. The study was designed as a crossover trial performed on two distinct experimental days separated by a 1-week washout period. Each session consisted of 40 min of aerobic exercise, either IE (60% of reserve heart rate) or CE (intensity alternating between 50% for 2 min and 80% for 1 min), on a treadmill. Measurement of variables were taken before and immediately after each exercise session.
Serum BNP concentration changes after both types of exercises was not significant (P>0.05) and there was no significant difference in BNP concentration between CE and IE (P=0.21). In addition, myocardial workload increased significantly following both exercise protocols (P=0.001) but there was no significant difference between CE and IE values (P=0.2).
According to the results of this study, there was no difference between intermittent and continuous exercises on serum BNP concentration and both types of exercises imposed the same myocardial workload. Increase in BNP was lower than the upper reference limit for ventricular dysfunction.

Managers of organizations in addition to the emphasis on improving efficiency and effectiveness also consider the mental state to improve health and quality of life of employees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sport on job burnout, general health and life expectancy in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences staff.
60 (29 active and 31 inactive) of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences staff volunteers participated in this cross - sectional study. Information was collected via Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), general health (GHQ 28), life expectancy Schneider and demographic characteristics questionnaire. To analyze the data we used of SPSS-18, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent t-test (α = 0.05).
The results showed that active employees compared to inactive employees are in a significantly better position in measures of general health (P = 0.02), But There was no significant difference between two group in the all three factors of burnout (Emotional exhaustion (P = 0.15); depersonalization (P = 0.2); lack of personal accomplishment (P = 0.20), and Life expectancy (P = 0.10).
Activity can improve employee health, so it can be said that through exercise can increase capacity to cope with stress at work and their general health can be guaranteed. Therefore, it is proposed that would provide allow the institutionalization of physical activity and sports organizations.

Aims: High self-esteem positively correlated with high quality of life and narcissism. The aim of the study was to investigate the self-esteem and its correlation with quality of life and narcissism in the veteran and disabled professional cyclists participated in the state championship.
Instrument & In the descriptive study, 27 male physically disabled and veteran cyclists, who took part in the state championship in 2016, were studied. The subjects were selected via available sampling method. Data was collected by Rosenberg self-esteem scale, health-related quality of life scale, and Ames narcissistic personality questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS 17 software using Pearson correlation coefficient.
Findings: The mean score of self-esteem, mean total score of quality of life, and mean score of narcissism were 6.83±3.23, 73.45±5.60, and 5.11±3.63, respectively. Self-esteem did not significantly correlate with total score of quality of life and narcissism (p>0.05). However, self-esteem positively and significantly correlated with the vital energy and freshness subscale of the quality of life (r=0.481; p=0.017).
The veteran and disabled professional cyclists participated in the state championship are with acceptable self-esteem and quality of life. Nevertheless, their self-esteem does not correlate with quality of life and narcissism.

Introduction and Changes in sleep quality is one of the important physiological changes that appears during aging and the aging process .So we can say negative changes in sleep quality is one of the problems that affect the quality of life in old age. The aim of this study was to investigate sleep quality in active and passive elderly men in Shiraz’s parks.

A total of 100 elderly male volunteers and available participated in this study that 56 people have physical activity (active) and 44 were inactive .Information via standard questionnaire Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were collected. To analyze the data we used of SPSS/18, independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (p= 0.05).

The results showed that active elder compared to inactive are in a better position in measures of effective sleep (p=0.01), sleep disorders (p=0.002), the hypnotic drug consumption (p=0.007), dysfunction in the morning (p=0.002), the overall quality of sleep (p=0.002).

Voluntary participation in sports activities in parks and green spaces has a positive effect on sleep quality in the elderly. Therefore, it is suggested that participating in physical activities used as a complementary way to improve sleep quality in the elderly.

Today, obesity is one of the main problems So that its prevalence is on the rise in developing and developed countries and reported that obesity and overweight has negative effect on physical fitness. The purpose of this study was to investigate of Prevalence of obesity and overweight among female students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and its association with physical fitness factors.
Material and The study sample consisted of 220 girl students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, which is calculated through Morgan table. Research variables included AAHPERD physical fitness component ( sit-ups test, pull-ups test and sit and reach test, 45 meters run, 9 × 4 m agility run and 540 m run) , Body fat Percent, waist to hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) were also calculated to assess of body composition. One way ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis.
Result showed that the results showed that 65 (29.6 %) of girls have abdominal obesity. While the 15 (6.8 %) of girl’s students, low weight and 159 (72.7 %) were normal weight, 38 (17.3%) were overweight and 8 (3.6 %) were General obese. And also there was a relationship between Running speed, agility, shoulder muscles endurance, abdominal muscle endurance and cardiovascular endurance with BMI (P Based on our findings we can say that an inverse relationship between obesity and overweight with physical fitness Factors So that physical condition of obese and overweight girls, are weaker than normal people.