محمد بیات

The Holy Quran, as a divine book and the ultimate miracle, bears the responsibility of guiding and directing humanity. This literary miracle, which is unparalleled, employs various wise and intelligent methods to achieve its crucial mission. Among these stylistic approaches, the use of interrogative style stands out. Remarkably, out of the 114 chapters in the Holy Quran, only 18 chapters lack interrogative sentences. Recognizing the significance and role of questioning in discovering truth, the author has chosen to explore the interrogative sentences in the first Juz' (section) of the Quran for research purposes.This study employs a descriptive-analytical method and examines the literary beauty of these interrogative sentences at three levels: grammatical, rhetorical, and visual imagery. The findings of this research can contribute to updating the Quranic messages in a more practical and relevant manner, enhancing the sublime content and themes of the Quran in today's world. Additionally, by utilizing the radiant messages within the Quranic interrogative sentences, the value of questioning and seeking answers becomes evident across various dimensions: belief, knowledge, education, and culture.

One of the beautiful aspects of the Holy Quran, which is evident in its verses, is artistic imagery. The Quran creates images with words that have spirit, life, and dynamism, so that through these images and artistic beauties, lofty human themes can be beautifully presented to the audience. In fact, Quranic imagery is the embodiment of Islamic thought. The Quran directly targets the three aspects of human beings - actions, insights, and inclinations - through images. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, has investigated the artistic imagery in the interrogative sentences of the first ten chapters of the Holy Quran and has attempted to reveal the aesthetic aspects of these sentences and the capability of artistic images in conveying the Quran's message to the audience. It also answers the question of how God, the Exalted, has utilized artistic techniques in these sentences and what the function of artistic imagery is in the discussed verses. The findings suggest that artistic imagery in the Holy Quran is a powerful tool for stabilizing meaning and making it tangible and sensible in the minds of the audience.

An efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized acenaphtho[1,2-b]indol-6b-ol derivatives were developed by the three-component reaction of acenaphthoquinone, barbituric acid, or N, N-dimethyl barbituric acid and aryl amines through sequential Knoevenagel / Michael / intramolecular N-cyclization sequences in ethanol. The reactions were carried out under catalyst-free and mild conditions. Advantages of this method include simple operation, catalyst-free, readily available starting materials, no need to column chromatography purification, and good to high yields (78 - 92 %). We confirmed the product by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and Mass spectrometry.

The antioxidant Nrf2/Keap1 pathway prevents cellular damages against oxidative stress and this pathway is disrupted following diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance and resistance training on antioxidant Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in testicular tissue of diabetic rats.

In this experimental research, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, resistance training control, endurance training control, diabetic, diabetic resistance training, and diabetic endurance training. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg nicotinamide and 65 mg/kg streptozotocin after 12 hours of fasting. Seventy two hours after induction of diabetes, resistance and endurance training protocols were performed for 10 weeks. Afterwards, the expression of Keap1, Nrf2, and HO1 genes in testicular tissues were measured by real-time PCR.

According to findings, induction of diabetes significantly decreased the expression of Nrf2 and HO1 (P<0.05), while the expression of Keap1 increased (P>0.05). Endurance training significantly increased the expression level of Nrf2 (P<0.05) and resistance training changed the expression level of genes related to Nrf2/Keap1 pathway (P>0.05).

Endurance and resistance exercises could activate Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway on gene expression following diabetes and by activating this pathway the complications of diabetes on testis might be reduced.

The Covid-19 pandemic affected and stagnated all industries. How to deal with this period and its medium and long-term effects has greatly challenged all industries, including sports. The present study aims to provide a dynamic model of the post-corona era in terms of the chaos theory in the sports industry system. The method of study is Delphi, which was performed qualitatively in four rounds. Sampling of the study was Purposive sampling. In this study, sports management experts and psychometric experts were used as the target sample. To evaluate the adequacy of the research method, four experts were used as parallel samples to ensure the quality of the research. Vensim.PLE and Checkmate software were used for data analysis. The results of the research in the first round showed the degree of agreement of experts on the chaotic situation in the seven main statements as points of chaos and disorder. In the second round, points of familiarity and interactions between propositions were reported. In the third round, the future state of the sports industry was determined according to the main and sub-propositions obtained in the post-crown period, according to the main strategy matrix. The strategies required was determined by Grand matrix. Finally, the model of the dynamic system of the country's sports industry for the post-Corona era was drawn. In general, the implementation of such a system is a basic need of the post-corona era, and through it, the feedback cycle of the system can be identified in order to achieve order in the chaos and turmoil in the country's sports industry.

This study aimed to collect reports and HIS in a web-based system due to the problems of paper recording of student activities in practical courses, as well as the lack of computers in the departments for observing graphs and treatment plans.

The initial graphic design of the website was done after the assessment of needs and the necessary planning for designing the website. The main template of the website was designed after consulting with the faculty and the designer company. A combination of HTML, CSS, JQuery, and Java script was used for static coding and what the user sees or interacts with. Then, the basic information entered the website and the content designer put the website in the designed layout. In the end, a sample hosting space was prepared and the website was fully provided to the professors and faculty officials to work with as an administrator and a user. They conveyed all their opinions and the corrections were made based on the feedback given.

The use of the internet and software with a central database played a significant role in monitoring and evaluating the long-term information of the student and the evaluation of the entire department, universities, and patients in each region up to macro-national evaluations. This could give the expansion and advancement of science in addition to the central registration of documents and radiographs, as well as their ease to access.

The designed website was well received among the students and the attending staff. Introducing a web based logbook and HIS system can optimize the clinical teaching. These logbooks could help both students and staff saving time and resources, and to facilitate providing better personalized care for patients.

Urbanization of poverty has occurred in today's world and the poor fate is tied to cities. Urban poverty is a complex and multifaceted concept. In the sense that it is not limited solely to economic or income indicators, it also includes social-cultural and physical indicators. The immigrant poor cannot afford to pay for housing costs in affluent neighborhoods, so they settle in marginal, worn-out and inefficient textures. As a result, poverty zones have appeared in the form of marginalization and informal settlements. In Iran, more than 20 million people live in urban slums, so that 11 million of them have been settled in informal settlements and 9 million in worn-out textures. Meanwhile, Shahriyar city is known as one of the Tehran province emigrant centers. Accordingly, present paper purpose is to evaluate poverty various indicators from the citizen's perspective of Shahriar city. Also, it has been measuring access to services and amenities among the Shahriyar city neighborhoods by using of the neighbor nearest model.

The current research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Statistical society is consisting of Shahriar city neighborhoods residents (about 248675 people). The statistical sample is obtained through the Cochran formula, which is equivalent to 322 people. The statistical sample is distributed and completed by using of the Likert scale between neighborhoods’ residents. In this study, with a preliminary study of 50 samples from the questionnaires, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the its reliability was 0.73. Thus questionnaire has a satisfactory reliability. In addition, the neighbor nearest model has been used in order to evaluate the Shahriyar city neighborhoods, in terms of access to facilities and services (access to emergency services, recreation and sports centers, administrative centers, urban facilities and educational centers). To test the hypotheses, regression variance and Spearman have been used.

The research findings show that some of physical characteristics have a positive effect on the semantic level of more than 95%. These indicators are included of housing ownership rate, population density, person in the room; residential housing without gas, electricity, drinking water, toilets and bathrooms; the number of households in a residential unit, the number of people in a residential unit and the type of building skeleton, the lifespan of the building, the area of ​​the residential unit. A number of economic and social indicators have gained a positive impact on the significance level of more than 95%. These indicators are included of aging, the number of people with disabilities, fertility rates, infant mortality rates, illiteracy rates, higher education rates.  People have stated that in the event of an income increase, 12% consider education as a priority, %40 has been taken into account their environment physical condition improvement, about %11 have placed car purchases in the first place, approximately %27 consider switching to other neighborhoods and %11 have considered other criteria for their cost priorities. The results have confirmed that the accumulation of poverty in worn-out textures and informal settlements and unbalanced distribution of facilities and services in the city of Shahriyar. According to the results of the neighbor nearest mean model, Z score for access to emergency services, office centers, urban facilities and educational centers is equal to -4.76, -6.5, -4.83, and -7.3. Therefore, spatial distribution of these services in the Shahriyar city is cluster at %95 level. Meanwhile, Z score for recreation and sports centers access is -0.28, so the spatial distribution of these services in the Shahriyar city level have distributed randomly.

Poverty has been concentrated in the worn-out textures and informal settlements of Shahriar city. The poor neighborhoods of Shahriar city include of North and South Boradabad, Mohammadiyeh, Kershad, Farhang, Taleghani, Kohnese, Sink", while its worn-out texture adapts to the neighborhoods of North and South Boradabad, Kohnz, Kareed and Farhang. The results of research have confirmed that the urban services clustering and the social and spatial exclusion emergence. This situation has led to a kind of spatial mismatch in Shahriyar city. In fact, the social capital of the Shahriyar city impoverished areas has been decayed due to physical, natural, financial, social, symbolic, human and managerial causes. Accordingly, the main suggestions of this research are as follow:v  Prioritizing the public transportation expansion, especially in the city marginal sectors;  Implementing the green belt to control the city disorganized development and use of infill spaces such as abandoned, worn-out and empty land; The development of basic services such as libraries, clinics, green spaces, schools and cultural facilities in poor areas or slum;  Residents economic empowerment through local loan and savings fund creation, job skills training, supporting small and medium-sized manufacturing workshops and exploiting home-based businesses capacity (especially women);  Determination of residential unit's documents status and increase the sense of belonging to the place among the residentsCreating centers for crisis management, especially against earthquakes and local forces training.

A simple, efficient one-pot three-component reaction of alkyl isocyanides, acetylenic esters, and hydrazones proceeded at dichloromethane at room temperature afford as highly functionalized ketenimines. The reaction between benzaldehyde derivatives with isatin or benzhydrazide provides hydrazones in good to excellent yields. 1,3-Dipolar intermediates result from alkyl isocyanides to acetylenic esters in the presence of acidic proton, for example, hydrazones proceeded at ketenimines. The functionalized ketenimines caused a suitable substrate for organic compounds. The present procedure carries the advantage that not only is the reaction performed under neutral conditions, but also the substances can be mixed without any activation or catalyst.

Bone formation is disturbed in type 1 diabetes followed by changes in the bone microstructure. The most important metabolic disorder in diabetes is osteoporosis, which is characterized by bone loss and bone structure degradation. This study aimed to determine the effect of low-power laser on bone defect repair in the experimental model of diabetes and osteoporosis.

A total of 30 four-month-old female Wistar rats weighing 190-220 g were selected and randomly divided into six groups, including 1: non-diabetic control (Co.), 2: non-diabetic laser (L.), 3: diabetic control (Co.D.), 4: diabetic laser (L.D.), 5: diabetic alendronate (A.D.), and 6: diabetic laser + alendronate (L.A.D.). Diabetes was induced in groups 3, 4, 5, and 6. All groups underwent ovariectomy and partial bone defect. In the laser group, a low-level laser (890nm, 80 Hz, 1/5J / cm 2) was radiated to 3 points at the defect location. Tibia bones were collected, and Real-time PCR was performed after a month. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. A p-value less than P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethics code: 13237-91-1-1393-10397

The t-test showed a significant decrease in tibia bone density in diabetic and osteoporotic rats, compared to the non-diabetic control group. Moreover, analysis of gene expression data (ANOVA, P<0.05) revealed a significant difference between the group of diabetic laser + alendronate and other groups in terms of Runx2 gene expression and Osteocalcin.

According to the findings, laser therapy combined with alendronate can accelerate the repair of partial bone defect in the experimental model of diabetes and osteoporosis.

ract Social networks increasingly host civil society, a place for sharing knowledge, discussing public matters, and conversing private affairs. Social network conversations, as new public spaces, are as important as other large communities for documentation. Network graphs which are related to conversations in public social networks like Twitter, can help us ponder over the role of social networks in human relations. Detection of communities is one of the most important research areas in the field of complex network analysis and applied to better understand the structure of complex networks. In this study, first varieties of communities will be examined in the social network of Twitter, then algorithms which are related to discovery of these communities will be discussed, finally the network of communities resulting from conversations about Coronavirus vaccination will be scrutinized.

Our country has experienced flood and earthquakes in most cities, due to its location in the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt, with varying climates which they are so destructive. The earthquake is considered as a harmful natural hazard that affect human society around the world, and is extremely dangerous because it cannot be foreseen and its energy can be freed at any time, and is classified in the catastrophe. This disaster is quite probable in Tehran since it is surrounded by powerful faults. So, by considering the fact that it is the most crowded city in Iran with heavily populated areas, and its importance in terms of political and economic issues, there is a vital need for devising appropriate plans for the period of after earthquake. Waste landfill after a destructive earthquake is one of the most important environmental, health and humanitarian problems in the crisis response process. And because it is not predictable and its energy may be freed at any moment, it is very dangerous and placed in the classification of catastrophe.. Given that, after evacuating people from residential areas, the damaged people usually live in temporary accommodation, so there should be more places than the pre-crisis situation to land the waste. Given the temporary nature of these sites and the environmental impacts of these sites, it is necessary to introduce an optimal location. Given the temporary nature of these sites and the environmental impacts of these sites, it is necessary to introduce an optimal location. The purpose of this paper in the first step is finding suitable areas for the temporary accommodation after earthquake for the damaged people, and in the second step, Optimization of suitable places for waste landfill. The main innovation of this paper is the application of particle mass optimization (pso) algorithm in introducing temporary landfill sites. For this purpose, firstly, suitable places for temporary accommodation were determined by determining the relevant criteria, weighing them by the Fuzzy-OWA and the combining layers using weighted overlap method. Suitable landfill sites were selected according to the urban extension process. The results show that according to the three modes, OR, AND and WLC, on average, sites of 5 and 10 are suitable places for landfill. Also, the most suitable landfill sites are located west of Tehran. But due to the physical expansion of Tehran to the west and southwest in recent decades, the winds from the west and the presence of high and mountainous areas in the north of this city and the probability of further rainfall in these areas, in general, the areas in the south and Southeast of Tehran, will be more suitable for landfill, because by creating burial places in the west of Tehran, due to urban physical expansion, there are many problems, including environmental and economic problems. Therefore, sites 9, 10 and 11 located west of Tehran have been eliminated from the options. And among other sites, the most suitable site for landfill site is 5. And sites 1, 5 and 4, respectively, are prioritized for landfill.

 Polyglycidyl nitrate (PGN) is used in the manufacture of propellant elastomers due to its properties such as highly energetic composition, high density, high oxygen balance, high explosion enthalpy and suitable compatibility with other components. In addition to its desirable properties, this polymer has disadvantages such as high glass transition temperature, poor mechanical properties, and low content of total solid. Also, its elastomer can undergo decuring process. To remedy these disadvantages, its copolymers are prepared using polymers with optimal thermal and mechanical properties.

In this research an energetic polypropylene glycol/polyglycidyl nitrate/polypropylene glycol (PPG/PGN/PPG) triblock copolymer was synthesized for the first time by cationic ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide and PGN as macroinitiator, in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate (BF3.OEt2) as the catalyst. The effect of temperature and catalyst content on molecular weight and reaction yield was investigated. The obtained product was characterized by FTIR, GPC, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Also, the thermal properties of the copolymer were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

The results showed that by increasing the temperature from 0 to 15°C, the conversion and yield increased. On the other hand, due to the low boiling point of propylene oxide (34°C) and the exothermic reaction, it is impossible to increase the reaction temperature above 15°C. By increasing the catalyst content from 0.2% to 1% by weight of the initiator, the polymer molecular weight increased and the highest yield was achieved in presence of 1% by weight of the catalyst, but by increasing the catalyst content from 1 to 1.5 weight percent, yield and molecular weight have decreased due to the development of adverse reactions. Studies by TGA and DSC showed an increase in thermal stability and a decrease in glass transition temperature of the copolymer compared to PGN.

The optimal resource utilization is an important concern for the organizations and the service providers. The goal of cloud computing is to provide the unlimited reservoir of resources for responding to all the requests coming from the workloads and applications. The IaaS layer is responsible for providing physical and virtual resources (compute, network and storage resources) for upper layers. Current approaches in cloud infrastructure, use three separate management systems for each of these resources. Separate management of cloud infrastructure resources cannot respond effectively and efficiently to the applications and multimedia services which require guaranteed quality of services. The performance of the cloud infrastructure resources relates to the integration of the resource management. In this paper we first describe two resource integration management systems. Then we describe the goals, the criteria and sub-criteria of resource integration management system. At the end, we compare these two systems based on their feature sets and the mentioned criteria and sub-criteria.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on HSPA2 expression in testes and sperm parameters in diabetic rats.

Two-month-old male wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 in each group): control (C), diabetic (D) and diabetic training (DT). Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The DTrats were conditioned to run on a treadmill for the 8-week period. 48 hours after the last session, the testes were removed, and subjected to histological examination, semen analysis and total RNA was isolated from testes to measure by RT-qPCRHSPA2 mRNA expression level. The variance analysis test were applied to analyze the data (P<0.05).

Findings show that the D group had a decrease in sperm count (P=0.01), motility (P=0.001), as well as increase in abnormal sperm morphology (P=0.001). Furthermore, in the D group, HSPA2 expressionin testicular tissue was significantly reduced (P=0.01). Unlike the D group, in the DT group sperm count (P=0.04) and viability (P=0.02), and HSPA2 expression (P=0.03) were elevated.

In rat testes, diabetes down regulates HSPA2 expression, which is collectively detrimental to semen parameters. Exercise protected effectively against this detrimental effect.

Lipasin is a liver-derived secretory protein; i.e. associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.  

The current research assessed the effect of resistance training on atherogenic and metabolic status and lipasin levels in obese rats.

 In this experimental study, 20 obese rats (8 weeks old, Mean±SD weight: 361±32 g) and 10 normal-weight rats (8 weeks old, Mean±SD weight: 248±13 g) randomly divided into three groups: obese control, obese trained, and control. The obese trained group received an 8-week exercise program for 3 days/week on a specific ladder with a carrying load of 30% of body weight, attached to their tails. The weight of the load was gradually increased during the training sessions, reaching 200% of the body weight of rats in the final week. There were three sets of 5 repetitions with a 3-min rest between each set of exercise sessions and 1 minute between repetitions. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the blood samples were obtained and analyzed for metabolic status. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. 

Lipasin levels were higher in obese rats, than the controls (P=0.02). Atherogenic and metabolic status (TG, TC, LDL, glucose, insulin resistance) were improved in the exercise group, compared to the control group (P=0.05). Plasma lipasin levels were significantly decreased in the obese exercise group (P=0.05). 

 This study indicated that resistance training may be effective in improving metabolic status by decreasing lipasin plasma levels.

In this research, the effect of billet preheat temperature on the forming force value in hot backward extrusion process for a preform made of vanadium micro alloyed steel is studied. The plastic deformation behavior of steel using hot compression test at temperatures of 850℃ to 1250℃ under different strain rates is obtained. Then on the basis of these data, the hot backward extrusion process for the desired vessel in the same temperature range is simulated using finite element method. The results of the hot compression test and finite element, show that with increasing the preheat temperature from 850℃ to 1250℃, the maximum stress reduced from 200 MPa to 42 MPa and the required force for hot extrusion process is reduced from 247 to 43 Ton, respectively. In addition, the microstructure of the samples was examined by optical microscopy and no defect was observed in microstructure. Finally, according to result of calculated force in hot extrusion process on billet with 1200℃ preheat temperatures was carried out in the workshop and deformation of billet to perform was carried out without dimensional distortion wrinkles and crack.

Osteoporosis is determined by decreased bone strength that increases the threat of fractures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) and alendronate (ALN), on the stereological parameters, and gene expression in callus of fracture in an experimental rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis (OVX). The OVX was induced in 90 female rats. Fourteen weeks later, a complete fracture on the right femur was made. Rats were divided into five groups: 1) control: no treatment; 2) sham: received daily distilled water; 3) daily 3.00 mg kg-1 ALN subcutaneously (SC); 4) daily 200 mg kg-1 PTX (SC) and 5) daily PTX (SC) + ALN (same doses). The osteoclast count was significantly lower in all treatment groups, at 21 and 56 days post-surgery, compared to the control and sham groups. The PTX significantly increased total callus volume at 21 and 56 days post-surgery, compared to the other groups. The PTX+ALN treatment significantly increased both cortical bone volume on day 21, and osteocyte and osteoblast numbers on day 56, compared to the control and sham groups. It can be concluded that PTX and ALN have antiresorptive effects, in OVX rats. Also, PTX has increased the extracellular matrix on both 21 and 56 days after surgery, compared to the other groups. PTX+ALN elevated cortical bone volume on day 21, and osteocyte and osteoblast numbers compared to the control and sham groups on day 56.

The pyranopyrazoles and their derivatives, are an important biological active compounds in pharmaceuticals, and used as major structure for a lot of bioactive products in organic synthesis. Herein, we report an efficient synthesis of a new class of pyranopyrazole derivatives via a catalyst free one-pot reaction in ethanol at reflux. We have prepared new pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives by using catalyst-free one-pot reactions. The mild reaction conditions, short reaction times, good to high yields, simple workup procedure, and no need to chromatography are the significant advantages of this study. The structure of the synthesized compounds were recognized from their IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra data.

Impaired angiogenesis and formation of collateral vessels in skeletal and cardiac muscle, is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus in ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in vascular endothelial grows factor (VEGF) and Endostatin gene expression in cardiac tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus following aerobic continues and high-intensity interval exercise training. In this study, 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic continues, and high-intensity interval training. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin, and exercise performed 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. The levels of VEGF and Endostatin gene expression were evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Findings: There was a significant reduction in the expression of VEGF and Endostatin in the diabetic control group compared to the healthy control group. Compared to the diabetic control group, diabetic continues and high-intensity interval training groups showed a significant increase in expression of VEGF, but there was significant increase in Endostatin expression in diabetic continues group. The results of this study showed that both training methods were effective to increase the expression of VEGF and Endostatin levels after induction of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since, there was increase in VEGF/Endostatin ratio, increase in pro-angiogenic activity in heart may be occurred, but the high-intensity interval exercise training was more effective to increase the expression of VEGF.

Nowadays, the use of various censorship methods has become widespread in industrial and clinical tests. Type I and Type II progressive censoring are two types of these censors. The use of these censors also has some disadvantages. This article tries to reduce the defects of the type I progressive censoring by making some change to progressive censorship. Considering the number and the time of the withdrawals as a random variable, this is done. First, Type I, Type II progressive censoring and two of their generalizations are introduced. Then, we introduce the new censoring based on the Type I progressive censoring and its probability density function. Also, some of its special cases will be explained and a few related theorems are brought. Finally, the simulation algorithm is brought and for comparison of introduced censorship against the traditional censorships a simulation study was done.