محمد رحمان پور

The purpose of this research is to design and validate graduate curriculum of information technology in the education of experts. This qualitative study was conducted using Survey.The statistical population of professors working in universities, Sharif, Kurdistan, Allameh Tabatabai and Tarbiat Modarres that 15 of them were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to confirm the validity of the content of the questions many people were experts in the field. After gathering the required information, the methods were analyzed Categorization.The results showed that the goal sof information technology ineducation curriculum would focuson the development ofpractical skill sandentre preneurial capacity of students.Thecontent, combiningpractical and theoretical coursesand practicalsuper iorityand innovationin the contentof the Intr agroup was important. Theteaching-learning strategie sandassess mentmethods, Respondents variety of methods and practical methods and laboratory method sin the proposed Project.

Every educational institution and every learner must adapt to the environment for growth and development and have the necessary skills to meet the changing needs of the society. This has special conditions in higher education and among students and graduates, and they are always expected to adapt to the environmental conditions inside and outside the education system. Using information and communication technologies that are available to them in various forms can be a logical and desirable solution. Purposeful use of these technologies in the field of education is now known as educational technology, which has been expanded on a large scale to increase teaching and learning activities. The student of educational technology is both a producer of information, a consumer, and a link between producer and consumer; and this is where the sense of responsibility comes into play. It is not easy to prepare a curriculum for such students in such a dynamic environment; as it must both meet the needs of students and take into account the changing needs of society and the labor market. At the same time, the mission and nature of the field must be preserved and developed. What is important is that simply issuing the curriculum and implementing it in universities will not be enough. Evaluating and reviewing this program in order to present and suggest a desirable and appropriate curriculum is important and vital. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the curriculum of educational technology from the perspective of graduate students.

Quantitative research was conducted using a survey method. The population, who were senior students of educational technology at senior level in the public universities of Arak, Bu-Ali, Kharazmi and Allameh Tabatabaei in Iran were sampled. Due to limited number of the population, all of them were selected by consensus. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 5 experts and with a Cronbach's alpha of .89. The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS. At the descriptive statistics level, the frequency, mean and standard deviation indicators were used and at inferential statistics level t test and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test were utilized.

The results showed that graduate students are not satisfied with master curriculum of educational technology.  In other words, final year students who had experienced the curriculum believed that the curriculum was not in line with their needs and expectations.    

Although the averages were lower than average in all components of the MA curriculum of the major Educational Technology, but there is no reason for the inefficiency of this field and its inappropriate implementation in the country's universities. Part of this dissatisfaction may be due to university management rather than the curriculum. Because universities and departments cannot expect much from professors and students if they cannot provide the necessary facilities and conditions for the implementation of the curriculum. Of course, continuous review and trending of curricula in order to apply this field due to its nature and mission at the national and international levels is an inevitable necessity.

The aim of this study wasstudents and professors’ satisfaction rate of the assessment strategies of learning results in graduate curricula in University of Isfahan. The study population consisted of all graduate students and professors who teach at graduate level in the University of Isfahan. In accordance with Cochran formula, 177 professors, 61 Ph.D. students and 254 master's students were chosen for stratified by random sampling. Instrument used in this study, was a questionnaire on Likert scale whose content validity was approved by professors and experts in the field. To estimate its reliability Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and the amount of 80/0 which was obtained. The collected data were calculated using SPSS statistical software and were analyzed in descriptive and inferential statistics level. The results showed that teachers and students do not consent of educational assessment strategies. According to the results, the satisfaction of the professors and postgraduate students was lower of doctoral students

Purpose of this research was comparative study the process of reviewing the curricula in various countries and Iran. for the purpose, was selected 6 Universities of the 5 America, Australia, Canada, China and Turkey countries for comparison with the University of Isfahan in Iran by targeted sampling method. The study, by George Brady was performed four-stage comparison process into four stages: describe, interpret, neighborhood and comparison. Campus tool of collecting of data, was check list of data sources in relation to primary curriculum review process was different universities at databases was available on each campus. After collecting and Classification information in different tables, interpreted and analyzed. The results showed that the process of reviewing the various universities have similarities and differences in terms of review levels,work process, and members component. also results indicate that the some of universities had novel aspects in reviewing the academic curricula. These aspects were: attention to personal and professional education of students, and presence of students, experts and specialists outside of the university, and the representative of the library in the review board.

The aim of the this study was survey of cultural-social and human recourses challenges facing development of information technology in higher education in Iran. The population of this study was all graduate students studying in the Department of the State University in academic year 2010-2011. In first stage, Tehran, Allameh-Tabatabaee, San’ati-Sharif, Isfahan, Shiraz and Kurdistan Universities were selected as samples. Among these universities, 460 patients were randomly selected in proportion. Data were collected via a questionnaire. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient respectively 0/94, and its validity was confirmed by several professors. The data were calculated using SPSS statistical software and then analyzed. In Descriptive statistics level, indicators of frequency, percentage and standard deviation, and in inferential statistics level, T test, ANOVA and post hoc test was used. The results showed that in cultural-social dimension including the important challenges were the high ratio of computers to students, poor students searching spirit, and lack of English language teachers and students. In human resource dimension are also unfamiliar of the students with the how access to information in databases, shortage or lack of professional expertise in information technology, faculty and administrators do not understand the capabilities of information technology, were most important challenges Information technology in Iran's higher education.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the theoretical and practical approaches to educational technology and to offer appropriate curriculum for a master courses in Iran. The research was qualitative and its method was content analysis through semi-structured interviews. The population of the study consisted of experts and professors of educational technology from whom 15 were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews whose content validity was confirmed by several experts were used to gain the needed data. Finally, after completing the interviews, the results were analyzed using categorization method. The results of the content analysis showed that there were three dominant approaches to educational technology; Erernsteinian’s approach focusing on the theoretical foundations of educational technology, McDonald and Gibbons’ curriculum approach emphasizing its applicability and Feinberg’s approach which lies between the two approaches. The proposed curriculum emphasizes the theoretical and practical aspects of the curriculum of educational technology and considers them as important goals in content, teaching-learning strategies and methods of evaluation.

The present study has been done with the aim of studying the amount of observance the scientific principles in codification the goals of curriculum in graduate studies at the Isfahan University. This qualitative study was conducted as a case study. Its statistical society is all the members of Isfahan University faculty. 35 people were chosen by purposive sampling method as desired cases. The Research tool was semi-structured interviews. Data from the interview was analyzed by using categorization analysis. The results showed that to codifying goals the needs assessment has not been done, but more emphasis was on specialists views (Knowledge) also community needs, student's and other stakeholder's needs in higher education has not received enough attention. The Goals of curriculam was largely satisfactory at the level of knowledge, but producting knowledge has been least. Knowledge distributing (provide services) in goals was not satisfactory because community needs are not specified exactly. Entrepreneurship level in goals of curriculum has not been enough attended especially about its infrastructure and skills which needed to create entrepreneurship capacity building among students so the functions were weak in this scop.

Purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between the principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran's National Curriculum subjects and resilient economy in order to offer appropriate curriculum. This study examined the national curriculum in relation to component of the resistance economic in viewpoint experts. This study consists of two parts. In the first part, components of resilient economy and principles and Foundations of national curriculum were studied and classified form. Then were interviewed with 10 subjects targeted experts In order to evaluation relationship between available national curriculum with resilient economy, The questions was developed in semi-structured form and was confirmed its validity by three experts. Results were analyzed by categorization. The results indicate that the National Curriculum subjects have implications for the realization of resilient economic. The proposed curriculum in the form of objectives, content, teaching methods and evaluation methods were presented.

The present research was a comparative study of literature course syllabus at high schools in Iran and six European counteries. It was a qualitative research in which the content analysis of documents and survey was conducted. The data were collected through examining the documents related to the course syllabuse of different covnteries and semi-structured interviews. Regarding the content analysis of the documents, Beredy's proposed was used and for the survey, 15 Iranian experts in Literature were interviewed. The collected data were first summarized in tables and then analyzed. The results showed that the Literature course syllabus in our country is richer in content and approaches as compared to other countries. Moreover, it was found that the literature course syllabus in our country fosters optimal capabilities in students, among which are the ability to understand and interpret, and literary Knowledge. However, communicative skills and information processing skills, as one of the most important skills needed in today`s world, were overlooked, which need to be more emphasized. The other results of the study indicate that the literature course syllabus is challenging in terms of content and teaching method, which needs to be minimized

This article examines the relationship between the principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran's National Curriculum subjects resilient economy in order to offer appropriate curriculum. Accordingly, by using content analysis of documents, to determine the strength of the economy and national curriculum subjects, the relationship and the overlapping of the principles of the National Curriculum was followed by the main themes of the strength of the economy. To offer appropriate curricula, 10 experts were purposefully selected for an interview. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in a way that few experts have confirmed its validity. The results showed that the subjects of the National Curriculum Islamic Republic of Iran has significance and implications of overlap suitable for the realization of resistance in various aspects of the economy. The curriculum proposed in order to achieve greater resistance to economic themes in terms of objectives, content and curriculum, teaching methods and evaluation methods were presented.

The present study aims to elaborate on the cultural-social and human resource challenges facing information technology development in Iran higher education. The statistical population of the study includes the members of the faculty in some state universities. The universities are the University of Kordestan, Shiraz University, Alameh Tabatabayi University, Tehran University, Sharif technical University and Esfahan University. They were randomly selected. 150 members were selected through randomized, stratified method to answer a questionnaire. It was a researcher-made questionnaire. The results indicated that in socio-cultural dimension, the highness in the number of students in ratio to number of available computers, the weakness of searching morale among the students, and insufficient English commend of students and professors were the most important challenges facing the information technology development in Iran higher education according to viewpoint's professors.. In the human resources dimension, the main challenge was students and professor's unfamiliarity of how to use data bases.

The purpose of this paper is a comparative study of educational technology curriculum in selected countries with Iran. Therefore, using descriptive - comparative world's 12 leading universities from nine countries were selected and graduate curriculum with course curriculum in Iran three areas of the curriculum, syllabus, and procedures and policies were analyzed. The results showed that in the three areas between developed countries and between developed countries and Iran, there are differences and similarities. Also, some of the innovations in this field were identified. Among the most important innovations, curriculum goals of diversity, multiplicity, and elective courses, students have exams and the curriculum was revised in committee. Based on studies performed proposals for Iran, especially in the area of curriculum objectives, curriculum and administrative procedures were presented. the world's leading universities were identified based on their recommendations for Iran curriculum, especially in the area of goals, curriculum and administrative procedures were presented.

Comparative studies have proven that higher education institutions will be successful if they enjoy a consistent and disciplined institutional accreditation system. A prerequisite for such a system is having appropriate criteria and internal evaluation of higher education institutions. The purpose of this paper is to examine how good these criteria and indexes and also internal evaluation of higher education institutions are as an essential prerequisite for their rankings. In addition to studying the higher education accreditation in different countries around the world, this article used a descriptive, analytical-comparative method to examine the criteria and indexes applied internationally and also compared different rankings across the world. Then, according to our country’s situation, a pattern composed of appropriate criteria and indexes was provided to the reader. The results indicated that the more higher education institutions put an emphasis on the role that accreditation and internal evaluation play in improvement of the quality of higher education, on the institutionalizing the culture of accreditation and measuring in the higher education institutes, on the familiarity of the administrators and decision makers in higher education systems with the use of motivational tools and granting privileges and rewards to the faculty and students, the more successful they will be.

Curriculum has always been the main element in any educational system and a relatively large number of research has been carried out in this area. Using quantitative approach and document content analysis, this study investigates the methodologies applied in research on higher education curriculum. Among the existing literature, 30 studies from 13 journals that were carried out by Iranian researchers, and 30 studies from 14 credible journals carried out by foreign scholars were selected through purposeful sampling, and subsequently analyzed. The results reveal that in foreign studies on curriculum, qualitative approach was dominant, employed in sixty percent of the studies. Within this portion, case studies and phenomenological approach with %50 and 37.5% were used most by the researchers. The study also found that quantitative approach was the dominant approach applied in Iranian studies (fifty percent), among which survey methodology was the most widely used (%85.8). Moreover, this study indicates that both Iranian and foreign research are moving from quantitative to qualitative and mixed research, although this trend is stronger in foreign research.

Hearing disability is common among children as well as create problems for the child''s personal and social development issues for parents on how they would. For overcoming these issues، programs and preventive interventions should be performed The purpose of this paper was to use analytical methods - deductive، explained the causes of hearing loss and related issues، patterns of parenting in raising children with hearing loss and strategies for dealing with these issues was recommended. As a result، usually parents of children with hearing loss in the face of attacks from both sides obey the pattern of irresponsible parenting. Accepting the first pattern and the second pattern is associated with efforts to alleviate the problems، rejection and failure is trying to solve the problem with. Strategies presented in this paper consists of two categories. The first involves attention to performing hearing screening and counseling before marriage as the primary and secondary prevention، counseling parents on how to raise their children with hearing loss، as secondary prevention، is.