محمدجواد باقی زاده

Mahdur-Al-Dam is one of the important legal jurisprudence topics that has always been the subject of discussion and criticism. Determining the example of Mahdur-Al-Dam is one of the challenging issues that needs to be discussed. In Article 320 of the Islamic Penal Code of 2012, the legislator addressed Mahdvaldam. The purpose of this article is to examine Mahdur-Al-Dam, the subject of Article 302 of the Islamic Penal Code 2013 from a jurisprudential point of view. This article has analyzed the mentioned topic using a descriptive, analytical and library method. The findings indicate that, from the jurisprudential point of view, the punishment of Mehdur al-Dam is the only duty of the imam and the deputy imam and at the present time, the guardian of jurisprudence has delegated this authority to the courts of justice and is within the scope of their duties. No one is authorized and empowered to enforce the limits and punishments and to commit suicide of people with the belief such as retribution and Ta'zir. On the other hand, one of the most important challenges of acquitting Mahdur-Al-Dam’s murderer and his non-retribution is that it is difficult to prove that the victim was Mahdur-Al-Dam. By proving the apostasy of the victim, he will be punished because killing the apostate is one of the duties of the government, but if he cannot prove the apostasy of the victim or prove his mistake in this regard, he will be punished.

Hijab, as an Iranian-Islamic belief, is considered an example of public decency. After the Islamic Revolution, efforts have been made to promote the public culture of the hijab through cultural and legislative methods. In this regard, the adoption of the Law on the Development of the Culture of Chastity and Hijab in 2005 by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution after the Revolution is one of the most complete and perfect laws. The law defines responsibilities for ministries, government agencies, and public institutions, including law enforcement. In order to fulfill its duties and powers, the law enforcement force has implemented the plan of Nazer One in dealing with unveiled and unveiled people and confiscating their vehicles. In the present article, the researchers have analyzed the basics of the legal legitimacy of the implementation of this plan in an analytical and descriptive way, while reviewing the theoretical and practical issues raised by the opposition in implementing this plan and the reasoned and documented answers to these challenges. Finally, they provide cultural and legal solutions to deal with the issue of bad hijab and reform the plan.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the educational role of schools in the prevention and management of juvenile delinquency. In this study, while examining the role of teachers, counselors, programs of the Parents and Teachers Association, the cooperation of families with schools, considering the educational role of families, the effectiveness of school programs and education in reducing juvenile delinquency has been examind. In this research, using the method of qualitative content analysis of educational tasks in schools, the researcher has studied and extracted the foundations of the philosophy of education in crime prevention. The filde of research is all narrative texts related to the educational role of schools, researchers and the document of fundamental transformation of education. Data collection in this library research and using electronic resourses, research has been done and reference has been made to some educational files of delinquents. Data analysis in this study is based on a descriptive interpretive approach. Given that the individual,s personality and social development is the result of the influence of the environment, and since students spend most of their time in school and family, schools can play an important role in preventing and managing students, delinquency with the cooperation of families.

The idea of a fair trial based on the principles and norms of the international human rights system has emerged among various nations over the years, and most domestic laws have built their legal systems on this basis. Considering that the prosecutor has an important role in the process of fair trial in the general sense, including the stage of preliminary investigation, the stage of trial in court and the execution of criminal sentences. Also, the protection of civil rights and legitimate freedoms, in addition to maintaining security and public order, which is one of the most important demands of citizens, has been entrusted to the prosecutor in accordance with the law. Any disruption in the performance of these duties can affect the fair trial process and have irreparable consequences. Because the duties of the prosecutor in the ward are the responsibility of the head of the district jurisdiction and in his absence the trial is alternate. On the other hand, the legislator has made the branches of the district court both the rank and the dignity of the second criminal court. Due to legal obstacles, the head of the judicial district is not able to perform his full duties as the prosecutor in the district court. Therefore, this legal shortcoming, especially in the preliminary investigation stage, especially the monitoring of detention and pre-trial freedoms, while endangering the rights and legitimate freedoms of citizens, can also put security and social order in a vulnerable position.

At present, one of the common concerns of the international community is to prevent the destruction of the environment and to examine ways to protect it, so that the United Nations has considered environmental security as one of the most important components of human security; The importance of this issue from the perspective of all societies is such that the need to protect the environment in various domestic, regional and international documents has been repeatedly considered and emphasized. Since the goal of environmental protection depends on the adoption of a coherent and effective criminal policy against environmental crimes, this study focuses on the pathology of Iranian criminal law and policies, while criticizing the law, one of the most important parts of criminal policy. That is, to criticize the criminal policy towards environmental crimes and in the light of that, by understanding the gaps and shortcomings of the current policy, the ground for adopting a desirable and efficient criminal policy is provided. In this study, which was conducted through a library study and descriptive-analytical method, it was found that Iran's criminal policy towards environmental crimes is subject to issues such as fragmentation of laws, lack of guarantees of efficient implementation, inefficiency.

Execution is the most important form of corporal punishment because it's life is endangered and destroyed. The death penalty is not the right of society, but the result of a struggle and conflict between a society and a citizen, which ultimately considers the destruction of the accused necessary and useful. Because the happiness of the society is that the right to life and the right to freedom are limited to preserving and observing the life and freedom of others. The right to life, apart from being an inherent and existential human right, also seems from a moral point of view. The commission of important crimes has been partially admitted. The purpose of executing punishment, other than its punitive aspect, is to intimidate the individual and socially rehabilitate the offender, none of which will occur in the execution of the death penalty. This research is qualitative and the method of doing it is library. The results of the study showed that human rights instruments of international law in general and in particular explain the protection of the right to life and consider its violation applicable only in certain circumstances.

As an Iranian-Islamic doctrine, hijab is considered to be an example of public chastity. After the Islamic Revolution, efforts have been made to promote and spread the general culture of hijab through cultural and religious methods. The passage of the Law on the Spread of the Culture of Chastity and Hijab in 2005 by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution is one of the most complete laws defining duties for ministries, government agencies and public institutions, including the police. In order to carry out its duties and powers, the police force has implemented the "Observer One Plan". In this plan, people without hijab are confronted, and their cars are confiscated. The present article, using a descriptive-analytical method, explores the theoretical and practical difficulties of implementing this plan from the jurisprudential and legal perspective and examines the foundations of its legal legitimacy. Finally, it offers some cultural and legal solutions.