محمدجواد جاوری

Heresy is one of the most important and widely used titles among Muslims, which every group and religion tries to use as a tool for its benefit. In the meantime, Shiite and Sunni commentators, both in different era, have had diverse and sometimes challenging views on this issue to the extent that each of them has accused the opposite group of heresy. The main topic of this study is that; what interpretations the commentators had on the issue of heresy and how their views have provided the ground for the growth of Salafi movements. Therefore, attempts were made to first discuss the opinions of Shiite and Sunni commentators regarding the literal and terminological concept of heresy, then criticize these views and finally deal with the results of these opinions and views based on the reality of the topic. The findings indicated that the commentators have considered heresy the same as concepts like; unprecedent topic, non-religious phenomenon, canonization, hadiths and opposition to the Qur'an and Sunnah, and by interfering with religious prejudices, not specifying the territory of heresy and not having a single standard for heresy, they have paved the way for the growth of Salafi movements.

Both early and later Qur’anic exegetes have always held diverse and challenging viewpoints concerning the concept of bidʿa (heresy), as well as its essence. Thus, they have paved the way for many instrumental uses for the different Islamic theological sects and schools on the subject of bidʿa. However, what are the viewpoints of the Qur’anic exegetes concerning the essence and components of bidʿa? What caused some considerable diversities or conflicts within their religious attitudes? These are the main questions that the present article is about to pursue. Accordingly, the authors attempt to analyze and review the conceptual components of bidʿa, as well as the reasons of its implications, diversity, considering the viewpoints of both Shi’ite and Sunni Qur’anic exegetes on its literal and idiomatic meanings. The achievements of this study show that the Qur’anic exegetes have considered bidʿa as an equal concept to some other relevant ones such as “emerging order”, “secular proposition”, “legislation”, “occurrence” and “opposition”, which should all be seen in their own specific context to be meaningful and intelligible. The diversity of their viewpoints seems to be rooted in their contradictory divisions, as well as their confusion between the concept of bidʿa and some other different ones, such as invention, innovation, tradition, and legislation. Moreover, one should consider great importance for the doctrinal and religious differences between Qur’anic exegetes, which has caused the formation and growth of Salafi ideas within the Islamic societies, and the tragic sphere of accusation each other for heresy among the different religious schools and denominations as well. Javeri, M.J; Ayazi, S.M.A. (2022) Qur’anic Exegetes on Recognizing the Essence and Components of bidʿa (heresy).

Police Islamic Republic of Iran by the Islamic population of approach in the context of population of central and activities, Always on the way to becoming a pattern of police in Muslim countries. Upstream of documents that can assist in achieving this goal more Thought is the Supreme Leader.The present study, the analytical method intends to achieve the parameters of the thought police Leader, most of the indicators in the education and training of police identify.Hence, to achieve this result, a group of faculty and students in most seminaries comments Tehran that they can be educated elites of Danst The number was selected as the target population using randomly stratified Cochran formula of four Seminary of Imam Khomeini, Seminary Ali (AS), the Seminary Mdynhallm alzaman Seminary Ghaem selected The questionnaire with closed questions was distributed among them.In analyzing the data from the questionnaires using statistical "chi", the leader of the indicators considered Components in order to maintain and strengthen the spirit of religion and spirituality, God and spread the spirit of faith, Righteousness and piety in all classes with the chi-square value of, and in the first and third priorities are.

Globalism is one of important subject in present era، that is one of important knot and makes problem. Recognition the real significance of Globalization، how to gain real Globalization، the ways for oppose with Globalizations the main goal of Globalization and the way of entry to Globalization، is the main subjects and important that this article try to discuss them. Reversion to opinion and toughts of religion leader for answer to these questions، is very important. the main subject of this article is the matter of the signicance of Globalization in the opinion of Ayatollah khamenei and the matter of global best manage in beam of special mention of the Islamic Republic of Iran،s policy. With this element. The collection of speechs and statements from the beginning of appointment as a leader to yet، is as a statistic society. Researchers in this article with the use of container analysis style، the orient and his emphasise point، survey and categorise and show that is in the opinion of Ayatollah khamenei، Globalization، universalize and generalize، all of them are tempter topics and arrived from the vest that as a quasi liberal manner they، enter to the culture of the countries and the goal of all of these، is dominance to vitol and financial sources of all the world and swallow most of the world. There fore، in his opinion، correct realization to Globalization، need to manage arena of vicissitude of the world for example the protect of independence of the countlies، exigency defiance of cultural economic، politic busis.