محمدحسن دوازده امامی

The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of self-compassion and self-differentiation in the relationship between attachment styles and psychological well-being in adolescents. This research was a correlational study by using structural equation modeling. In this study, 200 Orphan and bad parenting adolescents under the patronage of the Welfare Organization were selected by convenient sampling method from June 23 to August 6, 2016. Data collection tools are the Adult Attachment Scale (Collins, 1990), Psychological Well-being Scale -short form (Rayf, 1989), Self-Compassion Scale (Raes, 2011), and short-form of Self-Differentiation Scale (Drake, 2011). To test the statistical assumptions and research hypotheses, analysis of variance, correlation coefficient and path analysis fit indices, and Sobel test was used to measure the significance of the effect of the mediator variable. Self-compassion and self-differentiation decreased the negative effect of anxiety attachment on psychological well-being (P<0.05). Also, self-compassion decreases the negative effect of anxious attachment on psychological well-being (P<0.05). But the effect of self-diffrentiation in the relationship between avoidant attachment and psychological well-being was not significant (P<0.064). The results showed psychological well-being was decreased when anxious and avoidant attachment increased, Self-compassion and self-differentiation with decrease negative effect anxious and avoidant attachment on psychological well-being had a mediator role significant. Self-compassion increase significantly psychological well-being by reducing the negative effect of avoidant attachment. Although self-differentiation also increases psychological well-being by reducing the negative effect of avoidant attachment, this effect is not significant.

Breast cancer is one of the common cancers in many countries and in Iran that reduces self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spiritual care on self-efficacy of women with breast cancer. This experimental study was carried out on 40 women with breast cancer in 2017 in selected centers of Qom. They were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n = 20). For the intervention group, six sessions of spiritual care (one session in a week and each session for 90 minutes) were performed. Demographic information and general self-efficacy questionnaire of Sherer et al. were utilized for data collection. The subjects completed the questionnaires before the intervention, immediately after the intervention and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 21. According to the results of the study, the groups had the same demographic and underlying characteristics. There was a significant difference between the intervention group and control group in the mean score of self-efficacy immediately and after the intervention. The effect level was 40.1%. Therefore, spiritual care education affected the self-efficacy in women with cancer. The design and the implementation of this program based on the educational and supportive care needs of patients.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers around the world that leads to a decreased quality of life. Since one of the supportive measures is the use of spiritual teachings, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of religious care on the quality of life of women with breast cancer. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2017 among women with breast cancer who referred to Qom health centers at least two months after their diagnosis. Seventy subjects were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. For the intervention group, 6 sessions of religious – spiritual psychotherapy were held with the focus of communication with God, other people, self and environment. The quality of life of the subjects was evaluated before the intervention, immediately after the intervention and two months after that using The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) with mean score of 0 – 100. The results showed a significant difference between the dimensions of quality of life in the control and intervention groups: total health and quality of life (57.61±9.42) vs. (60±19.51) (p=0.002), physical health (46.22±19.53) vs. (61.35±13.36) (p=0.016), mental health (57.85±24.16) vs. (67.55±13.24) (p=0.005), social health (54.88±24.44) vs. (62.79±18.35) (p<0.001), and environmental health (62.05±3.55) vs. (67.33±33.43) (p=0.048), indicating that the results were stable over time. The results of the study showed that religious–spiritual psychotherapy increases the quality of life of women with breast cancer.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on social acceptability and bullying behavior in adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder among selected teenagers.
The present study was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The population of the study was all teenage boy injured in Khoy city (Iran) in 2016 which were sponsored by the Welfare Organization of Iran. 50 males were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental or control groups (N = 25). The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of emotional schema therapy, while the control group did not receive treatment. Both groups completed social acceptance and bullying behavior questionnaires before and after treatment sessions. To investigate the data, descriptive analysis and covariance analysis were used with respect to its assumptions.
Analysis of covariance of data showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group in post-test and social acceptance and bullying behavior with control group (P = 0.01). The intervention also increased social acceptance scores and decreased bullying behavior in the experimental group (P = 0.01).
Emotional Schema Therapy seems to be an appropriate intervention for addressing social acceptability and bullying behavior in adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder.

 Marital satisfaction and psychological well-being are the two domains of mental health. Their promotion is inversely related to common disorders, such as depression and anxiety The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group well-being therapy on marital satisfaction and psychological well-being of housewives. quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test and control group, a sample of 30 housewives aged 20-50 years old, were selected by convenience sampling method and were assigned to two groups of 15 subjects. The instruments included marital satisfaction questionnaire  Covariance analysis showed that group welfare treatment is effective on marital satisfaction and psychological well-being of housewives. According to findings, we can use well-being therapy to increase marital satisfaction and psychological well-being of housewives.

The aim of this study was Comparision of intolerance of uncertainty and difficulties in emotion regulation in individuals with Body Dysmorphic and Social Anxiety. the study design was causal-comparative. using convenient sampling method and G-Power software, 65 people with scores higher than cutoff in SAD questionanire and 65 people with scores higher than cutoff in BDD questionanire were selected from patients who were referred to Otolaryngology clinic of Taleghani Hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. All participants assessed by Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34), Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS). Data were analyzed by t-test and analysis of variance tests. results indicated that people with Social Anxiety Disorder experience higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty than BDD people. Also, there was a significant difference between two groups in term of difficulties in emotion regulation. Social Anxiety Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder were different in term of intolerance of uncertainty and difficulties in emotion regulation. This study indicated that Social Anxiety Disorder and Body Dysmorphic Disorder have different features, which is important in the diagnosis and treatment of them.

Diabetes is a chronic and lifelong disease, which has many physical and psychological complications that may affect the quality of life. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the quality of life in patients with type II diabetes. This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population included 30 diabetic patients (%40 male), randomly divided into two groups of the experimental and control groups. This study benefited from Waren and Sherbourne quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). Eight sessions of Mindfulness-based stress reduction group training were conducted in eight weeks for the experimental group while the control group received no intervention. Both groups completed the SF-36 questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data analysis showed that some scales of quality of life in the experimental group significantly were improved in the posttest compared to the control group. Based on the obtained results of this study, mindfulness-based stress reduction group training can be effective in improving the patients’ quality of life with type II diabetes mellitus.

Aim and Negative and positive emotional states, temptation, and anxiety are among the most important risk factors for addiction. This research aimed to study the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)-based emotional management training on anxiety and temptation in patients with drug abuse.
Methods and Materials: This was an experimental research with pretest/posttest method and control group. To select the sample, the available sampling method was used. Among patients with substance abuse in addiction treatment centers in Ahwaz City, Iran, based on clinical interviews, 28 were selected. They were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental and control. Both groups passed the leaving and detoxification steps. The experimental group received 10 sessions of dialectical behavior therapy-based emotional management training, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were demographic questionnaire, Craving Believes Questionnaire (CBQ), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
Findings: After the intervention, there were significant differences between experimental and control groups regarding anxiety and temptation (P The current study indicated that dialectical behavior therapy-based emotional management training would be an appropriate treatment for university students in order to decrease the symptoms of anxiety and temptation in those with drug abuse.

Regarding the relatively high prevalence of depression in people with psoriasis, the present study was conducted to determine the role of type D personality and difficulties in emotion regulation in predicting the symptoms of depression in patients with psoriasis.
This study was a descriptive correlational study. Among patients referred to the Dermatology Clinic of Razi Hospital in Tehran from November to January 2016, 60 patients with psoriasis were selected using available sampling method. The research instruments included type D Personality Questionnaire (DS-14 scale), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Beck Depression Inventory (Second Edition) (BDI-II). Finally, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests.
The results of this study showed that there is a significant positive correlation between type D personality and difficulties in emotion regulation with symptoms of depression in patients with psoriasis (P Type D personality traits and difficulties in emotion regulation can affect the psychological consequences of psoriasis, including depression in people with this disease.

Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder) is a chronic disorder, characterized by frequent hair pulling leading to hair loss. This disorder despite having multiple physical, economic and social consequences, is less likely to be diagnosed and treated. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of emotion regulation therapy (ERT) on symptom’s severity, anxiety, depression, stress and quality of life in individuals with trichotillomania.
Six patients were selected by available sampling method, and Massachusettes General Hospital (MGH-HPS) scale, Depression, Anxiety, Stress-DASS-21 scale, WHOQOL-26 Quality of Life questionnaire, and DERS Emotion Regulation questionnaire were used. Gross 8-session protocol (each session 90 minutes) was delivered on a weekly basis for each participant individually. Data were analyzed by visual analysis, percent of recovery, Freidman nonparametric test and Wilcoxon test.
ERT lead to significant reduction in symptoms of hair pulling, depression, anxiety, stress, difficulty in regulating emotion and improved quality of life in patients with trichotillomania.
ERT significantly improves emotional problems and symptoms of hair pulling in the patients with trichotillomania. As a result, this treatment can be used as an effective treatment for this disorder.

The purpose of this study was to compare emotion regulation, mindfulness, existential anxiety in patients with cardiovascular diseases and healthy individuals.
In this case-control cross- sectional study, all cardiac patients who had referred to Taleghani hospital in Tehran over the year of 2016 were included. Out of this population, 61 patients with cardiovascular diseases were selected and 63 healthy subjects were selected from among the attendants of the patients. Instruments for collection of data comprised a demographic characteristics questionnaire, Difficult in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), five fact mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) and Existential Anxiety Inventory (EAI). To test the research hypothesis, Mann-Whitney U was used.
There was a significant difference between the two groups, with cardiovascular disease and normal subjects in the emotion regulation, mindfulness and existential anxiety.
Emotion regulation, mindfulness and existential anxiety are psychological factors with a potential impact on cardiovascular diseases and their effect is suggested to be taken into account in such disorders.

Diabetes is increasingly growing up in the world and also in Iran and psychological factors such as stress, anxiety and depression play an important role in its development. The purpose of this study was investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness based stress reduction on glycemic control, stress, anxiety and depression on patients with type 2 diabetes.
This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population included 30 diabetic patients (% 40 male), randomly divided into two, the study (N=15) and control (N=15) groups. We used depression, anxiety and stress questionnaire (DASS - 42) and HbA1c testing in this study. The study group received the mindfulness based stress reduction group training with 8 sessions while the control group received no intervention. Both groups completed the (DASS - 42) before and after the intervention. HbA1C was also measured before and one month after the intervention in both groups.
In the end, 10 patients in the experimental group and 13 patients in the control group remained. Data analysis showed that stress and HbA1C in the treatment group compared with the control group significantly decreased at posttest. But the difference in the severity of anxiety and depression between the two groups was not significant after intervention (p Based on the results of this study, mindfulness based stress reduction group training can be effective in improving glycemic control and reducing the stress levels in diabetic patients.

This research aimed to determine the efficacy of emotion focused therapy on quality of life and sleep problems of IBS patients. In this research 52 IBS patients who met this diagnosis, according the Rome II criteria, were selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups with 26 IBS patients in each group. The emotion focused therapy according Greenberg''s manual- was conducted in 8 weekly sessions in the clinic of gastroenterology in Isfahan. The questionnaires of quality of life and sleep problems were completed as the pretest, post-test and follow-up. Results of multivariate analysis of variance s shows that emotion focused therapy has been significant effect in reduction of post-test mean scores of quality of life, beginning of sleep and wake-up and follow-up mean scores of wake-up (p<0. 05). Emotion focused therapy could be useful to improvement of psychological status of IBS patients, but It seems to needs to probing more emotional experiences for more persistent effects.

This research aims to investigate the factor structure and Psychometric Properties of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in an Iranian sample. The statistical population of this study comprised all the students of Shiraz University. Among them, a total of 363 people (181 male, 182 female) were selected using stratified random sampling. To achieve the study objective and assess convergent validity, the Persian version of DERS and Beck Depression Inventory were used, respectively. The results obtained from explratory factor analyses showed that from among eight extracted factors of the scale, six were associated with DERS and two other factors were omitted as a result of loading of just one item. In addition, internal correlations and correlations of all subscales of DERS with BDI were significant. Finally, internal consistency of this scale using Cronbach’s alpha for all subscales ranged from r=0.86 to r=0/88. Furthermore, the one-week test-retest coefficient also ranged from r=0.79 to r=0.91. Based on the results obtained from the research, DERS can be applied to attain research and clinical objectives in Iranian society.

Diabetes is a chronic disease with undesirable complications. In addition to physical complications, some psychological problems, especially stress and depression are prevalent among people with diabetes. The aim of present study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management training on glycemic control and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In a randomized clinical trial, 40 members of the Isfahan Diabetes charity, with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected through voluntary accessible sampling. Participants were randomized to the cognitive-behavioral (n=20) and the control groups (n=20). The case group participated in two-hour sessions of cognitive-behavior stress management training for 12 weeks. To evaluate the effects of intervention, the glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA­1c) test was administered before and 3 months after interventions and the depression subscale of the DASS scale was administered before, after, and again 3 months following intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. After intervention, the mean of HbA1c in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (p< 0/001). Also the mean for depression in the experimental group was significantly lower than in controls (p< 0/001), a finding that remained as such at the 3 month follow-up assessment. Stress management training can improve glycemic control and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is recommended that such trainings programs be intergrated into comprehensive treatment of diabetes mellitus.