محمدرسول خزاعی

Embryo implantation involves the interaction between the blastocyst and the host uterus that occurs over a limited period called the implantation window.

The present study was conducted to investigate the factors involved in embryo implantation.

In this review study, to review the effective factors in implantation, Persian and English articles from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and MagIran from 2000 to 2022 using the keywords of embryo implantation, effective factors in implantation and infertility were investigated.

Uterine receptivity for embryo implantation is regulated by the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. Defects in the regulation of cytokine expression will lead to incomplete implantation failure. The potential role of growth factors such as leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-11, colony stimulating factor-1, epidermal growth factor family, and insulin-like factor in the important implantation process has been described. HOX genes are transcriptional regulators that play an essential role during embryonic development and continue to be expressed in the development of primary female reproductive tract tubes and then in the adult uterus. The role of morphogens in implantation has been proven and they are effective in embryo-uterine interactions during this process.

Understanding the biology of implantation can reduce female infertility and help develop new therapies for fertility.

In the religious and social system of Iran, cultural activities are of special value and dignity and the necessity of paying more attention to this issue is emphasized in universities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural preferences of medical professors and students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.

This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of all professors of basic sciences, medical students of graduate sciences and postgraduate students. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire consisting of two parts:1) demographic information; and 2)basic cultural indices in ten domains of macro indices.

Overall, the results of the micro-cultural indices indicated that threeindicators of innovation and creativity, scientific justice and entitlement from the teachers' point of view,social justice, independence seeking,and educational attainment from the students’ point of view, and general ethics, educational attainment, and demanding righteousnessamong postgraduate students hadthe highest average scores.

Due to abstraction of concepts and the difficulty of measuring valuesas well as the importance and delicacy of the subject, rigorous and systematic scientific studies can provide conditions and arrangements in universities that, in addition to education and research, cultural and social activities are undertaken more accurately and effectively. Therefore, in order to promote cultural activities in universities and to make the most of students' use of this important function in higher education centers, it is necessary to interact with them.

 Ethical codes are used as a practical guide to show the ethical behaviors of the owners of each profession in specific situations. Every organizational set has ethical codes appropriate to its professional structure, which is called professional ethics. Higher education is also a professional system, and professors and students must be aware of and adhere to the principles of professional ethics in e-learning. Adherence to the ethics of virtual education ensures the health of the teaching-learning process in the university and increases the commitment of professors to respond to the needs of students.

 This study was a developmental research that was conducted with the aim of extracting and compiling ethical codes in virtual education activities for professors and students by extracting the opinions of professors of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences as a research community in four stages. The first stage in the research committee in medical school education was prepared with the presence of 20 professors of the initial draft of ethical codes, including 75 codes. In the second stage, the subject was categorized in 4 areas and 66 codes in the ethics committee of university education. Then, in the third stage, the proposed codes were sent to the faculties for the comments of all professors and officials in the field of education.

Ethical Considerations:

 The purpose of the study was explained to the participants and individuals participated in the study voluntarily. Next, it was approved by the ethics committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and received a code of ethics.

 After conducting four stages of study and obtaining comprehensive opinions from professors, and officials in the field of education in different faculties and reviewing them in the work of the Department of Ethics in Virtual Education, codes in four general areas and 58 codes including: 25 Ethical codes of professors in virtual education, 11 ethical codes of electronic content production in virtual education, 10 ethical codes of students in virtual education and 12 ethical codes in electronic exam were compiled.

 The result of this study was to explain the ethical codes in virtual education for professors and students of medical universities.

Tacrolimus belongs to the family of calcineurin inhibitors and is extensively used as an immunosuppressive drug after allogeneic organ transplant. According to the inhibitory effects of calcineurin on synaptic plasticity and memory functions, it seems that the administration of tacrolimus leads to changes in the electrophysiological responses and memory functions. Therefore, this article includes studies in which tacrolimus involvement in cognitive functions such as synaptic plasticity, learning and memory are investigated, and the possible mechanism of the effect of tacrolimus on synaptic plasticity and memory are explained.

In this narrative review article, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keyword “Tacrolimus”, “Calcineurin”, “Synaptic Plasticity”, “Learning”, “Memory”, and “Free radicals” to provide an overview of effects of tacrolimus on cognitive functions. Finally, articles published on these topics between 1987 and 2021 were investigated.

Among the 5632 sources found, 72 articles were considered appropriate for the purpose of the research. Findings support that the administration of tacrolimus (TAC) improves cognitive functions such as learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, TAC has neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress-mediated cognitive dysfunctions.

The results of the study showed that TAC may improve learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, possibly by calcineurin inhibition, reducing the level of free radicals, and altering calcium and glutamate levels.

Cancer is abnormal cell proliferation and uncontrolled cell growth. Carcinogenic agents cause DNA injury, depletion of tumor suppressor gene functions and it cause tumor forming and metastasis. Some carcinogenic agents related to cancer etiology are physical carcinogens such as ultra violet, chemical carcinogens such as chemical materials, cigarette smoke, unbalanced diet, job dependent factors, inheritance, hormones, metabolic factors and biologic agents especially some bacteria and viruses. Today’s most important treatment for cancer is chemotherapy that has many side effects and additionally cause to drug resistance. Some plants for years are known as reliable and excellent source of anticancer agents to develop anticancer drugs. Some of plants have preventive and therapeutic effects on cancer and some of them can decrease side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and additionally are economic. This article reviewed the most important anticancer natural substances in the world and introduced the most important mechanisms of their effect.

In traditional medicine of the most countries have known many natural substances for a variety of cancers. Some of the most commonly known traditional anticancer materials in the world are Chinese rabdosia, polyphenolic flavonoids such as quercetin, Baicalensis Scutellaria, garlic, curcumin, and so on. Anticancer drug mechanisms of the most of these substances are related to antioxidant properties and inhibit the growth of their tumor cells. Many of these materials are traditionally used in different parts of the world.