محمدرضا اسماعیل زاده طلوعی

Chronic back pain is one of the most common chronic pains which various methods have been proposed to manage and reduce pain, including participating in sports rehabilitation programs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of specialized yoga exercises on pain, functional capacity and range of motion of women with non-specific chronic back pain.

The statistical sample was 50 women suffering from non-specific chronic low back pain in Amol city, who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (25 people) and control group (25 people). The tools used in this research were McGill Pain Questionnaire, 6-minute fast walking functional test and waist flexion range measurement by Kinovea software before and 48 hours after the last session of yoga exercises. The experimental group performed specialized yoga exercises for 24 sessions of 60 minutes. The research design was a pre-test-post-test with a control group, and univariate covariance analysis (ANCOA) was used to analyze the data.

The obtained results showed that this yoga training program can reduce the pain of women with chronic low back pain (p≤ 0.05) and improve functional capacity (p ≤ 0.001) and increase the range of motion of the back (p ≤ 0.001).

Due to the simultaneous use of mental and strengthening exercises, specialized yoga exercises can improve psychological factors such as fear of movement, fear of pain, and subsequently improve the range of motion of the back and improve the functional capacity of patients.

Follistatin is a key protein in the regulation of muscles (heart and Skeletal) hypertrophy that type 1 diabetes can lead to dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and endurance on blood glucose and Follistatin protein content in the left ventricular tissue of the heart of male rats with type 1 diabetes. In this study, 18 head 2 Sprague-Dawley male rats with a mean weight of 300±20 g were selected. After becoming type 1 diabetic through streptozotocin solution, they were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) HIIT training 2) endurance training and 3) control (6 heads per group). Exercise groups exercised 4 days a week for 6 weeks according to HIIT and endurance training programs. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data. Six weeks of HIIT and endurance training resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (p=0.0001) and a significant increase in Follistatin protein content (p=0.0001) compared to the control group. HIIT and endurance training lowered blood glucose levels, indicating that these two types of training could be appropriate and non-invasive treatment for control diabetes. Also, endurance training and HIIT training increased the intracellular content of Follistatin protein, which can be useful for physiological hypertrophy and reduction of cardiac pathological complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy.

TORC1 protein is an important factor in regulating adipose tissue metabolism. Type 2 diabetes can lead to dysfunction and the development of obesity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and endurance on blood glucose and TORC1 protein content in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese with type 2 diabetes rats.

In this study, 18 head 2 Sprague-Dawley male rats with a mean weight of 270±30 g were selected. After becoming type 1 diabetic through streptozotocin and Nicotine amide solution, they were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) HIIT training 2) endurance training and 3) control (6 heads per group). Exercise groups exercised 4 days a week for 8 weeks according to HIIT and endurance training programs. SPSS software version 23, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data.

Eight weeks of HIIT and endurance training resulted in a significant decrease in blood glucose level (p<0.0001) and a significant increase in TORC1 protein content (P<0.0001) compared to the control group.

HIIT and endurance training lowered blood glucose levels and increase TORC1 protein content, which this training can be a suitable and non-invasive treatment to control diabetes and also regulate adipose tissue metabolism in type 2 diabetics who are prone to obesity.

The levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and GGT) are associated with obesity, fatty liver and insulin resistance, and nutrition and regular physical activities contribute to reducing these risk factors. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of ten-week endurance training with ginger supplementation on indicators of inflammation of the liver in women with type2 diabetes.
Material and In a randomized clinical trial study, 46 diabetes women aged 45 to 60 years (30≤BMI) divided into four groups randomly: exercise (E), exercise ginger (EPG), ginger (G) or placebo (P) groups. The blood samples were taken after 12 hours of overnight fasting at baseline and 48 hours after the last training session to measure levels of insulin, FBS and liver enzymes (AST, ALT and GGT). Then subjects of exercise group and exercise ginger group took part in ten-week aerobic training program for diabetic people.
At the end of week 10, in the EPG and E groups the levels of AST and ALT were significant reduced (P≤0.05). Besides, the weight, body fat percentage, WHR), levels of FBS and HOMA-ir was decreased only in the EPG and ET groups (P≤0.05). Of course these changes were slightly higher in group of EPG. While there wasn’t any significant changes in the control group (P>0.05).
The present study showed that aerobic exercises withusing ginger was more effective in significantly improving the liver enzymes levels, FBS, HOMA-ir and body composition compared with just aerobic exercise or ginger in obese women with type 2 diabetesý.

Background and Plasma levels of lipid profile is one of the main factors in assessing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on lipid profile, body fat percentage, body mass index, and maximal oxygen uptake in sedentary overweight females in the morning or evening.
In this semi experimental study, 36 overweight women (mean age 29.71±3.05 years and body mass index 27.25±1.26 kg) were selected using purposive sampling. They were divided in two exercise (n= 10) and control groups (n= 8). Training program included aerobic exercises at 8 am and 6 pm, three days a week. The target heart rate was 60% maximum heart rate (MHR) for 25 minutes in first week which reached 85% MHR for 45 minutes in last week. To determine the lipid profile, a 12 h fasting blood sample was taken before and after the intervention.
The results showed that following training in both morning and afternoon, HDL-c levels increased significantly (P=0.001) but LDL-c levels decreased significantly (P=0.002). Triglycerides and total cholesterol levels did not change significantly after the intervention (P=0.27, P=0.38, respectively). Maximum oxygen consumption increased significantly in evening exercises (P= 0.013). Body fat percentage and body mass index decreased significantly in both the morning and evening (P= 0.001).
Our findings revealed that aerobic exercises in the morning and evening had similar influence on lipid profile while the increase in aerobic capacity in the evening was more than that in the morning.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among reproductive-age women with insulin resistance and obesity of its properties. So, the aim of present research was studying the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on ovary morphology, Glycemic control and body composition in the women with PCOS. 18 women with polycystic ovary syndrome aged 18 to 30 years (BMI[1]≥25) were randomly divided in to Atotal of experimental groups (n = 9) and control (n = 9) groups. To evaluate the morphology of the ovaries as well as blood, samples after 12 hours of overnight fasting before exercise and 48 hours after the last training session are taken. Afterwards exercise group participated in an 8-weeks resistance training program. The results showed that resistance exercise good effect in reducing fasting plasma glucose (P=0/014), insulin (P=0/001) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (P=0/001) and this practice is improvedthe right ovary volume (P=0/001) and left ovary volume (P=0/001). Also showed that 8 weeks of resistance training resulted in improved body composition indices including weight (P=0/001), WHR[2] (P=0/001), BMI (P=0/347) and body fat (P=0/010) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Resistance training had beneficial effect on the morphology of the ovaries and the glycemic index in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, and can be used as a safe treatment and is recommended in these patients.

Background & According to role of the physical education to grow and prepare students for future، this study analyzed the content of the new teaching guide book of physical education in sixth grade in Academic year (2012) with educational goals approach. The content analysis research methods by William Roman، Shannon entropy is used with content-based physical education book. The population and sample means is 136 pages of the book. After normalizing the data set and activating categories، informational load، Coefficient and the percentage importance each domain، educational indicators were calculated. In the Cognitive domain of the book Familiarity with a variety of games and sports is of the most important & maintain equipment and sports facilities as the least important factor، in the Psychomotor domain، physical fitness and preparation for school sports skills are most importance & Prepared on a combined application of basic movements in the game have the least importance; in the Affective domain، tendency to develop basic movement skills and social and emotional principles are the most important factors & The desire to maintain health، is of the least importance. The content analysis of the book for students in sixth grade is active based on William Roman. Informational load and importance coefficient of domains from highest to lowest in the book are as follows: Affective domain، psychomotor domain & Cognitive domain. Thus، relative index for each educational area in the book has not been considered.