محمدرضا حمیدی زاده

EXTENDED ABSTRACT
In this paper, the international entrepreneurship alongside international readiness will be examined in relation to the success of companies' performance, which is a prerequisite for entering global markets in the field of international and global trade. The Rapid changes in the markets and demands leads to intense competition, innovation is a competitive advantage capability to achieve successful performance in international and even global markets.The theory of modern knowledge-based development introduces dynamic entrepreneurship as a fundamental condition for achieving competitive advantage in the complex global environment, making knowledge-based transformation and its increasing impact on economic growth in today's knowledge-driven economies vital. With fundamental changes in economic structures and the growing importance of innovation, invention, and the creation of new products, the need for an entrepreneurial mindset becomes more apparent. Ensuring the survival and continuity of organizations requires finding new solutions and methods to address challenges, which depend on innovation and invention, the creation of new products, processes, and methods. Companies with high levels of entrepreneurship continuously monitor the environment to identify new opportunities. Consequently, given the extensive market and significant investments in research and development, pharmaceutical companies aim to enhance their dynamic capabilities and increase their product innovation by expanding into other countries to survive in the competitive international market. Thus, the primary issue of this research is to determine how selected pharmaceutical companies with international entrepreneurship can achieve operational success commensurate with the necessary readiness for it. Innovation emerges as a key differentiator in the fiercely competitive 'Red Ocean' markets, where successful companies continuously innovate in products, processes, and resources. This strategic emphasis on International Entrepreneurship highlights the necessity for firms to be prepared for international markets, encompassing Marketing Intelligence and Networking. The core aim of research is to examine the significant influence of International Entrepreneurship on performance, emphasizing the International Readiness. International Entrepreneurship is recognized as an innovative action that, by leveraging existing resources, creates new capacities for wealth generation. It represents a company's overall innovation and foresight in pursuing international markets, accompanied by a proactive management outlook and competitive stance. These concepts are considered behavioral elements of a global orientation, indicating senior managers' inclination towards risk-taking, innovation, and proactiveness. The study proposes a primary hypothesis and four sub-hypotheses within a research model to explore this relationship. In today's business climate, where exporting is indispensable for survival and growth, the study aims to provide concrete evidence on how International Entrepreneurship affects Marketing Intelligence and Networking Capabilities, thereby facilitating successful performance in international markets.
This applied research adopts a descriptive retrospective approach based on the nature of the data. Data collection was conducted through field surveys using a questionnaire divided into three sections with 48 closed-ended questions, a 7-point Likert scale was employed to measure respondents' attitudes, allowing for a nuanced assessment of their perceptions and opinions. Results were obtained from the commercial managers or CEOs in 55 pharmaceutical companies which were active in Tehran. The questionnaire's content validity was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was verified through Cronbach's alpha. After ensuring the normal distribution of the research data, a demographic analysis of the respondents was performed, considering gender, age, education level, and position. The research hypotheses were examined using Structural Equation Modeling with Smart PLS software.
Discussion and The study affirms that International Entrepreneurship is a critical driver for business innovation and performance in the global market. It highlights the mediating role of International Readiness, which encompasses aspects such as networking and market orientation. The research reveals that while many firms engage in indirect exporting, a comprehensive understanding of target markets and competitors is often lacking. This gap, coupled with challenges in communication and coordination, has led to difficulties in fulfilling commitments to foreign customers, presenting significant barriers to successful exporting.
The findings underscore the strategic importance of International Entrepreneurship, where readiness is an integral part of the entrepreneurial journey. International Readiness is identified as a dynamic capability that evolves with a firm's international activities. The study emphasizes the need for firms to develop robust networks and a strong market orientation to effectively navigate the hurdles of internationalization.
The research concludes that International Entrepreneurship, along with a strategic emphasis on International Readiness, is crucial for driving business model innovation and performance in international markets. This entrepreneurial spirit, characterized by innovation, risk-taking, and proactiveness, is essential for companies to adapt and implement new ideas that lead to organizational change and foster a culture of continuous innovation. Moreover, companies must enhance their International Readiness through effective networking and marketing systems, which are critical for leveraging resources and opportunities in the global market. The research highlights that despite facing significant challenges such as sanctions and increased production costs, which impede their competitive stance and market positioning, Iranian pharmaceutical firms have the potential to succeed in international markets by focusing on niche markets and leveraging unique products and modern technology. The strategic nature of the pharmaceutical industry in Iran necessitates self-sufficiency in drug production, which, coupled with government support, can pave the way for overcoming external barriers and reinforcing the global presence of these companies.

Considering that knowing the systematic and irregular tendency of customers to consume in the world is one of the important and fundamental conditions for boosting the business environment and achieving the development of companies; The purpose of this research is to develop and explain the dimensions of persuasive messages in the context of social media marketing on the customers purchase intention. This research is applied in terms of purpose, from the point of view of the research method, it is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative part of the research, according to the experts of the consumer goods market, it was used to design the initial framework of the research, and then in the quantitative part, in the quantitative part, in the field and based on the questionnaire obtained from the qualitative part of the customers and consumers of the survey was carried out. The statistical population of this research is all the customers of food stores in Tehran, and its sample is 302 customers who, at the time of data collection, intended to suddenly buy food from the store. The data collection tool is a questionnaire and Smart PLS software was used for data analysis.

Increasing population growth, especially in developing countries, has made the importance of city management a key issue. The complexities of social, economic and cultural issues, as well as the migration of people from the countryside to the city and the excessive expansion of cities are important issues for governments. With the passage of time and the increasing complexity of the urban system and the importance of citizens' participation as well as the management of each citizen's issues, the necessity of examining the patterns of urban governance and how to make policies in the city councils has drawn more and more attention to the researchers of government organizations, economists and sociologists. The discussion of social justice and providing welfare facilities for the residents of the cities in the shadow of the decisions of the government, responding to the needs of the citizens and creating satisfaction and the efficiency and effectiveness of the decisions in order to improve the process of urban development are among the issues that should be given the attention of policy makers and statesmen more than in the past. The knowledge networking of urban rulers in a dynamic environment is the foundation of the knowledge-based progress of cities. Since decision-making is one of the important elements of management in accordance with the mission and strategies of inner and outer city environments that are rapidly changing and growing, they influence the way of urban planning. Therefore, it challenges the necessity of preparation of complex urban management to keep pace with developments and attract them, so understanding and knowing how to network the knowledge of urban rulers and its effect on the performance and decision-making of managers is a vital matter; The purpose of this research is to present a model of knowledge networking and the influencing factors on the knowledge network of urban rulers..

The current research is qualitative and based on interpretive paradigm and theme analysis method. The research is basic in terms of its purpose and exploratory-inductive in terms of data collection and nature. The target community of the research is the municipal managers of Tehran districts. Among the 123 mayors of Tehran districts, 18 experts were selected. The main research tool is exploratory focus group with deep interview; therefore, based on available knowledge, MAXQDA 2020 software was used to analyze the interview text data. The aim of the research is to design the knowledge network model of urban rulers. For this reason, in this research,through a qualitative and interpretive approach, the managers and experts in Tehran municipality were interviewed using the method of theme analysis, and by posing appropriate questions, we seek to discover the pattern of action of city rulers. The main tool in this research is an in-depth interview. The effort in designing the qualitative interview letter was to propose questions whose answers from the respected interviewees would provide data for the research questions. In other words, in this process, we seek to discover the most important elements and causes of the formation of the common pattern of the knowledge network of these people in the design of the model of the knowledge network of urban rulers, and based on the available knowledge create a better model after interpreting the data obtained from the text of the interviews.

In this research, an attempt was made to examine the main and sub-themes correctly and accurately so that the knowledge network of urban rulers could be conceptualized; therefore, we considered some main themes as background conditions and some themes as consequences. The knowledge of urban governance is formed in a VUCA and dynamic environment. Our model in this research includes background factors, which are divided into three factors: individual background, social background and environmental background. Background conditions are related to conditions that can directly affect the type of decision making of people; also these background factors have mutual effects on each other and can have intensity and weakness as a result of these effects. Contextual factors can have direct and indirect effects on the formation of ruling knowledge and urban knowledge, and each of these two factors are effective in forming the knowledge network of urban rulers. In general, as a result of the creation of the knowledge network of urban rulers, different patterns are created according to all the considered conditions. Undesirable pattern, desirable pattern and common pattern.

In this research, two groups of influential main themes were discovered. The influencing themes on the formation of the knowledge network of urban rulers include personal background factors, environmental background factors, social background factors, knowledge of governance, urban knowledge. The influencing theme includes the model of the knowledge network of governance, and as a result of these effects,  3 different models, i.e. undesirable pattern, desirable pattern and common pattern of governance is created. The findings of the research show that the effects and dynamics of the environment can be effective in the process of formation of the governance knowledge network and these networks in turn can create different patterns of governance. Failure to pay attention to the creation of knowledge networks in government institutions and organizations can slow down the decision-making process and make crisis management difficult in today's world.

  Consumer behavior has been one of the most important topics of attention of marketing researchers in recent decades. The variety and variety of consumer behavior is due to the variety of factors affecting individual behavior and individual motivation to buy. In the new business, Internet marketing is considered an important part of the marketing activities of any business name. In fact, with the emergence of virtual organizations, Internet marketing has become a basic need for the possibility of movement and continued development. One of the communication tools in today's business world is social media. Considering that the existence of marketing is dependent on the environment, this research has been conducted with the aim of how environmental noise affects the consumer's purchase intention in social media marketing. Considering that in the last three years, the desire of consumers to buy from social networks has increased in the conditions of the Covid pandemic, and since marketers are looking to shape the consumer's decision in a dynamic and competitive environment, and considering the increase and variety of advertisements and the ever-increasing progress The methods of presenting and introducing products in social media marketing systems, the main problem of this research can be expressed as follows: How will marketing signals be effective in the social media environment? What factors affect the intention of customers to buy food in the social media environment? Which environmental factors affect consumer behavior in social media space?

This research is practical in terms of its objective, and in terms of the quantitative research approach, it has a descriptive survey strategy. The statistical population of this research includes all the customers of food stores in Tehran, and the statistical sample of this research includes 302 customers who were planning to buy food from the store at the time of the research. The data collection tool is a questionnaire and a structural equation model with Smart PLS software was used for data analysis. The results of this research show that the variables of persuasive message signals, the type and value of the product, and the content and the way the message is designed have a positive and significant effect on consumer behavior, as well as the variables of the content and the way the message is designed and the type and value of the product have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention, but contrary to the conducted research, the variable of persuasive messages has a negative effect on the purchase intention.

Purchase intention shows the probability of customers buying, according to Schiffman and Canuck, the decision to buy a product (purchase intention) largely depends on the value of the product and the recommendation of other consumers. For example, when a product is shared in the social space, users share and discuss the features of that product, and the positive or negative points presented about that product lead to the intention to buy or not to buy that product. Social media are increasingly accessible to everyone and such media are used at all times and places. These media have emerged as a digital communication channel through which consumers can purchase their desired brands and they evaluate them and through these media, they share their information with others and communicate with brands (a significant percentage of people transmit information to others through social media. Also, social media is one of the channels It has been reported that consumers receive information about the goods or services they need in order to make a final purchase through these social media; therefore, companies are trying to understand the purchase intention, drivers, and also the effect of social media on these factors. Considering that knowledge of purchase intention and consumption is an important and fundamental condition for the prosperity of businesses and economic enterprises, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of persuasive message signals, the type and value of the product, the content and the way the message is designed on the intention and the buying behavior of customers is evaluated by evaluating the mediating effect of consumer behavior in social media marketing.

Consumer behavior also has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. The mediating role of consumer behavior variable was confirmed for the relationship between the type and value of product and content and message design with customers' purchase intention.
It is very difficult to measure consumer behavior according to cultural and religious patterns. Due to the economic situation and the increase in prices, most consumers prioritize economic savings over other factors. In this regard, it is suggested that researchers investigate the impact of pricing methods on consumer behavior in social media marketing in future research.

 The paper’s aim is to establish the foundations, principles and process of the knowledge-based mechanism of the Statistical Center of Iran. To reach this aim, the path is systemic cognition based on pattern, strategy and thinking. Understanding the basic concepts of knowledge and the ways to achieve knowledge system and knowledge maps is according to the eight research questions. Therefore, this paper relies on the corns of system approach, strategy and thinking, knowledge and the way to achieve them, types of basic knowledge, knowledge recognition tools, arguments and techniques, knowledge maps and its types and their application, providing knowledge and codifications and documentation and finally the description of various forms of knowledge. The paper’s approach is descriptive-analytical one. However, the research methodology according to the patterns of interpretiveness is phenomenology and narrative one. Implementation and effective use of knowledge management in the SCI requires systemic infrastructure as well as organizational commitments for the application of knowledge in current activities at all organizational levels. The patterns presented in this study make it possible to use the components, processes and mechanism in the SCI to achieve the desired knowledge situation. Therefore, by using foresaid patterns, we would be able to solve problems and even without background and novel one. These patterns allow the SCI’s staff, partners and customers to access the database and knowledge storage. Knowledge system enables the SCI to meet the needs of customers more quickly and increases the center's proximity to customers. Therefore, customer satisfaction expected to increase by quickly identifying and resolving their problems.

This research is designing and explaining the intelligence model of new businesses (startups) for the purpose of organizational resilience in the conditions of inflationary stagnation. This research is fundamental (first stage) with applied approach (second stage). In terms of its nature, it is also included in mixed methods (exploratory-descriptive). In this research, in order to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire, the coding procedure, according to the statistical needs, is from the statistical software SPSS.V24 and from the structural equation software pls.V3 in the format Two parts of descriptive and inferential statistics have been used in the form of linear and multiple regression. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative stage is 15 experts in the field of organizational behavior, including university professors and managers of active startups in Tehran province. The statistical sample in the qualitative part will be based on the snowball technique. Quantitative statistics of all active startup employees in Tehran province, whose number is 1500. The sampling method in this research is accessible. which are 306 people using Cochran's formula. whose number will be 384 people. The results of the research show that the causal conditions of the research on the central phenomenon in the intelligence model of start-up businesses (0.737), the intelligence of start-up businesses on research strategies in the intelligence model of start-up businesses (0.700) 0) interventional factors of research on research strategies in the intelligence model of start-up businesses (0.003) contextual factors of research on research strategies in the intelligence model of start-up businesses (0.999) research strategies on the consequences of research in the intelligence model of start-up businesses (0.700) has a significant effect in the conditions of inflation stagnation.

This study is based on the argument of what is the effect of Strategic thinking of managers of Technical and Vocational training organization of the country on their performance?The Conceptual model of this study is designed on the ideas of Jean Lydka(1998 and 2005), in the expression of variable dimensions of strategic thinking as well as the views of Kaplan and Norton(1992), on the introduction of organizational performance perspectives. The study is based on the result, an applied-developmental, based on objective, descriptive and based on the method of data collection, survey and field branch. The most important of statistical techniques used in this study includes Pearson correlation, regression and ANOVA. Statistical population of this research includes senior, middle and base managers of Central Headquarters forenamed Organization, as many as 104 people, and 83 people were selected for the sample size based on Cochran formula. In this study sampling method is simple random and the questionnaire used is researcher made and has the necessary validity and reliability, based on Cronbach's alpha coefficients 0.920 and 0.942 for the questions of strategic thinking and organizational performance, consisting of90 specific questions about strategic thinking(53 questions) and organizational performance(37 questions), and the type of closed questions with a measuring scale the whole five-item Likert. The major findings obtained from the survey and analyzed data collected using the software package SPSS, shows: In general, Strategic thinking ofmanagers oftechnical and Vocational training organization has a meaningful relationship with its organizational performance but it is not effective

This study investigates the influence of two cognitive biases—the Halo Effect and Anchoring Cognitive Error—on the performance of urban leaders, with a specific focus on their implications for urban governance. Utilizing a mixed-methods qualitative approach, the research centers on a case study involving district mayors in the Tehran Municipality, employing purposive sampling techniques. Data collection for the qualitative component involved a thorough examination of pertinent texts, along with 20 semi-structured interviews conducted with urban leaders. The interviews were concluded upon reaching theoretical saturation. The findings indicate that the Halo Effect may lead urban leaders to overlook significant issues and potential criticisms, including instances of employee corruption and legal infractions. Similarly, the Anchoring Cognitive Error adversely affects decision-making by fostering intuitive judgments, limiting comprehensive understanding of issues, hindering stakeholder engagement, and resulting in erroneous prioritization. Such intuitive decision-making can stem from excessive self-confidence and reliance on personal judgment, while cognitive errors manifest as improper prioritization and inadequate resource management. This research highlights the necessity for urban leaders to address these cognitive biases to improve their decision-making processes and actions. The findings suggest that the Halo Effect may arise from structural challenges and managerial inadequacies, potentially linked to insufficient support from higher authorities or biased thinking that overlooks the principles of justice and dynamism within the governance framework. Furthermore, the study identifies five key factors contributing to Anchoring Cognitive Error: reliance on intuitive decision-making, a lack of a comprehensive understanding of issues, deficiencies in stakeholder interaction, neglect of intelligent management in response to rapid environmental changes, and incorrect prioritization coupled with resource management deficiencies. In conclusion, enhancing the performance of urban leaders necessitates structural reforms, increased awareness of the factors influencing decision-making and actions, and adaptability within the governance system. Urban leaders should proactively address cognitive errors, particularly the Halo Effect and Anchoring, by integrating awareness of these biases into their decision-making processes, ultimately aiming to improve policy implementation.

Since automobile industry in the country is growing in terms of quality and quantity, it is involved with the complexity of services. In this research, we tried to examine the impact explanation of multi-dexterity maker of after-sales services, especially after - sales services on perceptions of quality and its effect of customer satisfaction, maintenance and loyalty. This study is an applied one from the perspective of purpose and is descriptive - survey in terms of data type and collection method. Statistical population of the study was customers of after sale authorized dealers. The sample size using Cochran formula was 372. Data analysis and hypothesis testing are done using SPSS and AMOS. According to data analysis and hypothesis testing, there is a positive and significant relationship between construction of research model on the basis of the performance of the research samples, as well as the satisfaction and retention of customers with perception of product quality according to customer expectations. Due to the position of the product in terms of different parameters, after sale services in term of loyalty of customers was not significant. Performance - importance approach in two fields of supply and spare parts and manager’s behavior, has high performance. careful inspection and appropriate technical assistance, telephone /online services, presence of higher level supports, supply of equipment and spare parts, and the quality of repairs are key factors in the power and influence of the company for after - sales services appear proportionate to employee behavior.

Professional ethics is one of the new branches of ethics that tries to answer the ethical issues of various professions and has specific principles for it. The purpose of this study is to design an organizational culture fit model based on the ethics and attachments of the organization in the telecommunications industry.               

The design of the present study was a combination (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, the data method of the foundation was used. The research population was managers and employees active in the field of telecommunications industry, from which 9 people were selected by theoretical sampling method. It was an interview tool and the data were analyzed by coding method. In a small part, it was a survey-correlation method. The research population was managers and employees active in the field of telecommunications industry and using the simple sampling method 40 people were selected as a sample. The instrument of the questionnaire was a qualitative section and finally the data were analyzed by one-sample t-test and regression.

In the qualitative section, 29 open codes and 4 axial codes were identified. The results of the quantitative part also showed that the model has a good fit.

If the organizational culture is based on professional ethics, the self-fulfillment of the employees will undoubtedly go well and the organizational attachment of the employees will be guaranteed from the very beginning. It can be said that the most important understanding that employees have gained from the activities of the telecommunications industry during their period of activity in the telecommunications industry is an opportunity to grow and the telecommunications industry is a launching pad towards future scientific, social and professional goals. They know that, of course, all can be achieved only by observing the appropriate principles of professional and cultural ethics.

Although herding behavior is mainly defined on the basis of imitation and repetition in existing theories, it is difficult to provide a mathematical model which is able to identify this phenomenon.

Therefore, in this paper, using the Monte Carlo method and stock price data of Tehran Stock Exchange and OTC companies, during the years 2011 to 2019, the herding behavior among the sample companies is investigated. Given that the Iranian capital market is facing the phenomenon of closure, and this can affect the values ​​of price herding, the results are examined with the New York Stock Exchange as a market developed.

The first finding indicates the presence of herding behavior in 29.6% of possible cases in the sample. The second finding indicates the presence of herding at an average of 4.07%. The third finding reflects the increase in the amount of herding along with the increase in absolute return, which shows that as the stock prices change, the values of herding also increases.Also, the results show that the herding behaves almost symmetrically with increasing the absolute amount of stock returns, the amount of herding behavior is first decreasing and then increasing. Accordingly, when price change are slight, the amount of herding is small; But with drastic increases, the average herding behavior also becomes positive and upwards, reaching 16%. This means that as the price of one stock rises, the prices of other stocks also tend to rise, and the sharper the price increase, the greater the amount of imitation of price behavior. A similar trend is observed when prices fall. As prices fall and negative returns intensify, the average rate of herding behavior also increases, and the higher the decline in prices, the higher the rate of herding behavior. As a result, the higher the absolute amount of price return, the greater the amount of herding behavior.The fourth finding of the study indicates the possibility of a relationship between the herding and trading volume. To examine this relationship in the face of a sharp increase in the volume and number of trades, price data are classified into 20 groups based on the number and volume of trades. Then the amount of herding behavior of each group was calculated. The results show that the relationship between both indices of trading and herding is positive and significant and with a sharp increase in the number or volume of trades, herding measure approaches its maximum value. Similar results on the New York Stock Exchange are described below.

Evidence of herding behavior in the New York Stock Exchange also shows that this phenomenon occurs almost twice as much as in the Iranian capital market. Faster and more coordinated dissemination of news and faster reactions to them in NYSE can be the main reasons for this. These results are consistent with a study by Hwang and Salmon (2004) in which the amount of herding behavior in the US market was higher than the South Korean stock exchange. It seems that due to the less trading halts in NYSE, the significant values ​​of price herding in that market mean that the values ​​obtained for the Tehran market are probably not affected by the trading halts and the results can be reliable.

 Review of researches in the field of nation brand shows a few studies in recognizing and examining negative images of exporting countries. Identifying negative image about a country's export activities and finding the root causes of these mentalities used as a first step in planning national branding programs. This will be doubly important, especially for countries that are politically different from the mainstream of international media or faces some negative stereotypes among foreign consumers. The objective is to identify the negative images toward the export aspect of Iran's nation brand and to investigate the causes of these mentalities.    The researcher's philosophical approach based on the perspective of pragmatism. This qualitativ research conducted based on in-depth interviews and data analysis based on the grounded theory approach using content analysis. The statistical population includes knowledgeable and active people in exporting to Iraq and Syria and using theoretical sampling and snowball method, 26 interviews conducted to achieve theoretical adequacy.    Negative images toward Iran's export nation brand include 14 concepts were identified in four categories of images related to 1."Iranian export product" including improper packaging, non-compliance with standards, unstable product presence, unstable product quality, surplus product Domestic needs, 2."Iranian exporter" including: fraud in trade, lack of commitment in trade, lack of expertise in trade, lack of trust in the other party, 3." the export environment" including: large number of intermediaries, high rate of trade disputes, confusion in trade and 4."Export consequences" including damage to domestic production, sanctions problems. Exporter’s wrong view to export including: "short-term view to export", "contemptuous view to export market" and wrong view of policymakers in this field including: "exports as a surplus of domestic demand" and a "partiality approach in export management", are among the most important formation roots of negative images toward export aspect of Iran's nation brand. Three categories including political roots, ethnic roots and religious roots are also effective as underlying factors in reinforcing these negative mentalities.    The concepts related to "Iranian product" and "Iranian exporter" include the largest number of negative images of Iran's export nation brand. "Establishing an evaluation system to assess the qualifications of exporters", "creating collective trade mark", "strengthening chambers of commerce", "establishing export consortia" and "developing export management companies" are the suggestions to address the roots of these negative mentalities. Then, unfavorable economic conditions in countries of export-target because that price as a determining factor, reduces the impact of consumer political animosity in response to foreign products. However, in the face of equal price and product quality, political hostility will affect consumer behavior. In other words, consumer animosity, even at low levels, reduces the competitiveness of the product in foreign market, even if it does not lead to a boycott of the export product. It should be noted that political animosity if combined or strengthened by cultural animosity (religious animosity (Shia-Sunni) and ethnic animosity (Arab-Iranian) in this study), will have a strong and lasting effect on consumer behavior.

The most valuable assets of organizations are the brands of their products and services. And the survival of organizations is in the trend towards new products and services; Therefore, in this regard, the main goal of this research is to investigate the impact and explain the aggressive strategies of developing new home appliance products based on the special value of the brand in Amersan home appliance company. This research is applied in terms of its research objective and based on the method of data collection, it is a descriptive-causal research from the branch of field research (survey). Also, in terms of the type of data, it is a quantitative-qualitative research. The statistical population consists of two samples, the first sample includes 384 customers of Emrsan home appliances company. The second sample included 103 company experts. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Reviewing and analyzing data and testing questions using SPSS23 and LISREL8.80 statistical software. In order to identify the industry strategy, the SPACE strategic action and situation assessment matrix was used. The results of the data analysis showed that the product development strategy was selected as an aggressive strategy, which has three dimensions of commercialization, marketing and customer orientation strategies. Also, three product development strategies have had a positive and significant impact on brand equity and new product development; The special value of the brand also showed a positive and significant effect on the development of the new product.

The stock market index is one of the effective features in investment because it can well reflect the health status and macro change trend of a country’s economic development. Various features affect the stock index. The various combinations of these features create a wide state space. Hence, it is impractical to provide a data set containing all these combinations to train the stock index prediction model. in this research, an attempt has been made, after collecting a significant number of effective features on the index, to provide a method for selecting appropriate features for the stock index prediction model with aim of increasing prediction accuracy. For this purpose, the mRMR algorithm is used as the basic algorithm. Also, to select the appropriate model, a number of the most applicable artificial intelligence models for predicting the stock index were compared and according to the results, the LSTM network was selected to predict the stock index. The results of this study show that using the LSTM network and the proposed method in selecting features, with 8 selected features, high accuracy can be achieved in the daily prediction of the Tehran Stock Exchange Index. So that MPE is calculated to be about 2.66,

Conducting research with a theoretical contribution, reviewing the theoretical background without bias, and identifying emerging research areas are one of the most important concerns of every researcher in conducting academic research. The abundance of useless and scientifically worthless research in the country doubles the need to pay attention to these issues. One of the existing strategies to solve these problems is the approach of academic social networks analysis. Considering research areas as social structures, these networks are drawn based on bibliometric criteria such as co-citation, citation, bibliographic pairing, co-occurrence of vocabulary, and co-authorship, each of which has its uses and are used to answer special questions. In this article, the approach to social networks analysis will be introduced first, and then the bibliometric criteria used in drawing these networks will be examined. It is also stated that each of the drawn networks is suitable for answering what questions. Then, the step-by-step stages of implementing a social network analysis are introduced. Also, the most important databases used to collect the necessary meta-data are introduced and some existing tools to analyze and illustrate academic social networks are briefly reviewed. Examples of applications of this approach are also shown.     In order to conduct academic social network analysis, a 5-step process must be performed. In the first step, the research design should be determined. The analysis is done to answer what questions and what method is suitable to answer those questions. In the second step, it is necessary to collect bibliographic data. First, you have to choose the right database and then, by choosing the right search keywords in a specific time frame, search and collect the necessary metadata for network drawing and analysis. In the third step, the collected data should be analyzed. In this step, the appropriate bibliographic software should be selected and the data should be prepared for analysis. Illustration of the networks is done in the fourth step, in which the appropriate method and tool of the illustration should be determined by the researcher. In the final step, the drawn networks should be described and interpreted.     Each of the networks drawn by metadata collected from scientific databases has a specific application. Citation networks are used to identify the most important and influential works, authors, and publications. Also, based on the citation networks drawn based on the timeline, it is possible to identify the development process of a research field, its theoretical foundation, and theoretical fields affecting the research field. Co-citation networks that are drawn based on the cited references of the selected documents provide the most relevant sources for research. Also, the clusters obtained from this analysis show the historical streams of the research field. The bibliographic coupling networks which are the reverse of co-citation examine the cited documents and the clusters obtained from them showing the contemporary streams of the research field under investigation. Co-authorship networks are a measure of cooperation between authors, institutions, publications, and countries. Word co-occurrence networks identify important themes in a domain, and as a content analysis technique, they are the only network that uses the actual content of documents. The output of the word co-occurrence network is a network of themes and shows the conceptual space of a field.      Conducting targeted and useful research is one of the important issues faced by researchers and students, especially graduate students who have to conduct research in the form of a thesis or dissertation. From choosing new topics to reviewing literature and theoretical background in an appropriate way, all of them are problems that researchers have to overcome, and in this way, they need a clear strategy and roadmap. The social network analysis approach based on bibliographic criteria is one of the strategies proposed to help solve these problems. The analysis of academic social networks that are formed based on bibliographic criteria such as citation, co-citation, co-authorship, word co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling, by adding an objective and quantitative accuracy, reduces the consequences of personal reviews and subjective biases of researchers and It helps to get a more comprehensive understanding of research areas. Each of these networks is suitable for answering specific questions. Using the approach of social network analysis can have a significant help in guiding researchers in conducting targeted research. The use of this method helps researchers, especially newcomers to a field, to get a better understanding of that field, get acquainted with important sources for study, and helps them determine their research position and advance research flows in a specific field. For this reason, getting familiar with this approach and using it is one of the topics that researchers and higher education institutions should pay attention to in order to reduce the amount of aimless and useless research.

In the present situation, private banks are facing dynamics and challenges such as: insecurity, poor financial instruments, technological and digital problems and so on. However, in order for these banks need a dynamic strategy to interact and cope with these challenges (Plan the right stance and action, bank level strategy and marketing strategy), to ensures the effectiveness of the bank's performance in the long run. Because private banks, without a clear plan, cannot activity compete in new markets and improve their effectiveness and operational capacity. Performance and strategy are two important patterns and capabilities in the growth of activities and presence of companies in competitive markets. The content of the strategy should be designed in such a way that while enumerating the key factors, it predicts the success of private banks; In addition, it leads banks to be more efficient in competing with other banks and ultimately, to develop their business.

The purpose of this study, considering the nature and expression of the research problem, is to investigate the effect of company level strategy and marketing strategy through the content strategy (mediator role) on the performance of private banks in Afghanistan. The statistical population of the study includes the managers of seven private banks in Kabul and based on Cochran’s formula, 264 people have been selected as the sample size of the research according to the due to the size of the population. In addition, this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive - survey in terms of method. The tool for collecting research data, is a questionnaire and the questions of the questionnaire include two parts: general and specialized questions. General questions are related to demographic questions. Specialized questions including 47 questions, based on the Likert scale to examine and measure the indicators of four variables (bank level strategy, marketing strategy, content strategy and bank performance), are also presented in the form of a research questionnaire. Most of the 264 questionnaires were returned from the statistical sample and analyzed through structural equivalence and Sobel test.Accordingly, data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics, in the analysis of descriptive statistics section, descriptive statistical methods, tables and graphs were used. In the inferential statistics section, in this research, 5 hypotheses were proposed and tested by examining the research model, based on statistical methods using SPSS23 and LISREL8.80 software. Finally, all hypotheses were confirmed. The reliability of the research was calculated by Cronband´s LISREL8.80 alpha using SPSS software and its validity was analyzed and confirmed based on content validity and factor analysis.

The total average of the marketing strategy variable (3.98) and, among the variable dimensions, the differentiation strategy dimension has the highest average (3.99) and the focus strategy dimension has the lowest average (3.96), which is more than the average of 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the overall status of the marketing strategy variable is relatively at a favorable level. The total average of the bank level strategy variable is (3.40) and, among the variable dimensions, the supervision strategy dimension has the highest average (3.45) and the guiding strategy dimension has the lowest average (3.40), which is more than the average of 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the general situation of bank level strategy variables is at a favorable level. The total average of the bank performance variable is (3.25). Among the variable performance indicators, the non-financial performance dimension of the bank has the highest average (3.277) and the financial performance dimension of the bank has the lowest average (3.24), which is more than the average of 3. . Therefore, it can be concluded that the general situation of the bank's performance variable is at a favorable level. The research findings of the hypothesis test indicate that the research hypotheses are confirmed.  In fact, the bank - level strategy has a significant impact on the performance of private banks in Afghanistan. Also, marketing strategy has a significant impact on the performance of private banks in Afghanistan. On the other hand, the content strategy has a mediating role in the relationship between bank level strategy and the performance of private banks in Afghanistan. Similarly, the content strategy has a mediating role in the relationship between marketing strategy and the performance of private banks in Afghanistan. Finally, there is a significant relationship between bank level strategy and marketing strategy.

Private Banks should adopt and implement strategies that have good influence, initiative and monitor their operations in the form of market resources. Then its opportunities, challenges are responsible for achieving the strategic goals of those banks. On the other hand, the performance effectiveness of these banks is optimized and increased within the framework of strategies (bank level strategy and marketing strategy). Bank level strategy has a general approach that strives to create and maximize value for the bank and customers on long-term investment. The dimensions of this strategy include (guidance strategy, portfolio and supervision), which are planned and implemented according to the model and mission of private banks, which maintain the overall performance and success of the bank. Based on this, it controls and improves financial and non-financial performance in the form of strategic goals and market opportunities. The marketing strategy coordinates the capabilities and capabilities of private banks with opportunities, changing environmental variables and its performance are focused on gaining and creating a sustainable competitive advantage. The main goal of this strategy is to compete in new markets and take advantage of market growth opportunities to maintain and achieve optimal performance.

Tourism day by day is getting developed rapidly and has become one of the most effective industries in many countries. This study comes in view of the great significance of the influence of tourism field on other economic sectors, and in accordance with the increasing application of the concept of destination image in the tourism sector, where the mental image of a travel destination has an important role in convincing people to visit that place. So, Due to the increasing importance of tourism in today's world, the present study tries to design an appropriate and effective advertising strategy to reconstruct the mental image of tourists about crisis-prone tourism destinations. To achieve this goal, the theory of planned behavior, which is based on three elements (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), has been used in this research.

The current research is a descriptive-exploratory-analytical research. This research is based on a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) in which grounded theory is used in the qualitative part and structural equation modeling and factor analysis are used in the quantitative part of the research. Data were collected in the first part of the research through interviews with Syrian and Iranian tourism industry experts, and then in the second part of the questionnaire, 425 participants who were divided between 246 women and 179 men, all of whom were educated, were collected. The sampling method in both sections was purposive sampling. To analyze data collected in the qualitative part, Atlas Ti software was used, and in the quantitative part of the research, structural equation modeling and factor analysis have been used. It should be noted that before modeling the structural equations, the sample adequacy test was examined through KMO indices and Bartlett's test, and the research variables were analyzed by LISREL 8.80 software. The main question of the research was:  How should the advertising strategy be designed to reconstruct the mental image of tourists?, And sub-questions which was designed to simplify finding the answer to the main research question, are: 1-Who is the target audience that will be influenced by the advertising strategy considered by the research?, 2-What should be the content of advertisements in the purpose of reconstruct the mental image of tourists in times of crisis in countries?, 3-What is the desired media for reconstructing the mental image of tourists?, 4-How often should the advertisement needed to reconstruct the mental image be repeated?

Based on interviews with experts, the dimensions of the required advertising strategy were determined, and then the elements of each of these dimensions were named. After that, in the quantitative analysis section, the questionnaire was built based on the results of the analysis of previous interviews, and it was conducted on a large group of participants, up to 425 participants. Accordingly, the following was found: according to the situation in Syria, the target audience should be neighboring countries or friendly countries. Agencies operating in foreign countries may also be considered as target audiences. The content of the ads is better to be the details of other people's travels, focusing on the desert, historical and ancient sites, places that were exposed to war, using a combination of types of ads that include video, photos, and posters. Media used include Facebook, websites, LinkedIn, TV shows, word of mouth, international tourism exhibitions, celebrities, and public figures. The role of embassies, tourism ministries of countries, and tourism companies also should be taken into consideration. Finally, about the number of times the ad is repeated, it is specified that the ad should be more than 4 times a day, and the ad should be used for a long time (at least 6 months). Regarding the factors related to the dimensions of the planned behavior theory, it has been identified that there must be several points in order for these dimensions to be effective and active. Elements related to attitude are: the honesty of the advertisement and the accuracy of its information, the effect of social media on people's feelings, perceptions and motivations , and variety and attractiveness of advertising ideas. About mental norms: Feeling comfortable and safe from getting feedback and face-to-face information about travel and destination tourism services from people who have already tried the travel experience, gather information about the beauty of the destination and its scenic and historical areas, the impact of the celebrities' lives, experiences and the information they provide to people on increasing people's desire to travel. Recently, regarding perceived behavioral control: showing the return of security to the tourist destination in advertising, demonstrate the efforts of governments to protect their citizens and restore security to their country in ads, use the domestic tourist trips' records and videos , where tourists are happily and safely travels between beautiful areas and destinations that have already been exposed to war.Discussion and

In the end, based on the results of the qualitative and quantitative data analysis, an appropriate advertising strategy was designed to reconstruct the mental image of tourists for the crisis-hit countries, especially consistent with the special conditions experienced by Syria. Where this strategy is built on four dimensions which are the target audience, the content, the media and the number of ad repetitions to obtain the best results desired from it.

The main purpose of this study is to select an appropriate model for daily prediction of the total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange (TEDPIX). In this regard, dimension reduction techniques have been used to select effective and representative features to increase the accuracy of the selected model.

Since dimensionality reduction can be performed by two different methods (feature selection and extraction), in this study, two methods were used simultaneously to select the appropriate features of the prediction model. Hence, the MID algorithm was used to select the features, and the PCA algorithm was used to extract them. In this regard, after collecting 34 financial and economic features affecting the stock market, the features were prioritized by the MID algorithm. Then, the appropriate model was selected by comparing the performance of two different neural network models called RBF and DNN, which are respectively the most important and innovative of the extant models. Then, using two types of dimensionality reduction techniques, the prediction accuracy of the selected model was examined. The appropriate method for selecting the input features of the prediction model was identified, accordingly.

Analysis of the obtained results showed that the RBF model comes with more accuracy in the daily prediction of the Tehran Exchange Dividend and Price Index. Also, by comparing the performance of the two types of dimensionality reduction techniques, it was found that compared with the PCA algorithm, the MID algorithm brings better results in selecting the input variables of the RBF model. Therefore, according to the priority of features with the MID algorithm and the pattern of changing the level of error by increasing the number of features in the RBF model, the ISF-MID algorithm was proposed to select the appropriate features of the stock index prediction model. Using this algorithm, with the minimum number of features, can end in the highest accuracy in predicting the total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange.

The proposed method can identify, prioritize and select appropriate features for the prediction model, due to the simplicity and effectiveness of its use. It can also be useful in various areas of modeling, including the capital market, foreign exchange market, etc.

The development of human capital of faculty members is an effective achievement in the direction of the development of the higher education system. However, the evidence based on the results of experimental research indicates the low quality of the faculty members' performance. The aim of the current research is to measure and evaluate the development of human capital of faculty members, which was done with a mixed approach (sequential exploratory).

In the qualitative part of the research, the participants were the faculty members of the universities and research institutes of Tehran, and 13 of them were interviewed and the required data were collected using the purposeful sampling method. The data analysis of this section was done using thematic analysis method. In order to evaluate the reliability of research findings, immersion and recoding approach was used by calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included the faculty members of the University of Tehran, 150 of whom were selected using Cochran's formula and the relative stratified sampling method from the four campuses of "Humanities", "Behavioral and Social Sciences", "Basic Sciences" and "Technical-Eengineering" were selected as samples. The tool for collecting data was the quantitative part of the researcher-made questionnaire on the development of human capital of faculty members in a 6-point range. The validity of the research tool was verified by formal, convergent and divergent method and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability.

The findings of the qualitative section were categorized and presented in 9 dimensions, which include improving the ability to formulate specialized and interdisciplinary lesson plans, improving the ability to teach and learn, improving classroom management and administration skills, Enhancing academic and behavioral counseling and guidance, increasing commitment to professional ethics in the education process, enhancing the ability to motivate students to learn, enhancing the ability to evaluate learners' performance, enhancing research knowledge, and enhancing research skills. In the quantitative part, based on the results of Shannon's entropy test, the priority of the dimensions of improving classroom management skills and improving research knowledge was confirmed over other dimensions. The values of the Chi-2 test indicated the favorable condition of the main structure of educational human capital development and the relatively favorable condition of the main structure of research-entrepreneurship human capital development of faculty members of Tehran University. Based on Yeoman-Whitney and Kraskal-Wallis test values, the inequality of the average educational human capital development of faculty members was confirmed in terms of a number of variables and effective factors.

The results of the research showed that the development of educational and research human capital of faculty members, setting priorities and identifying inequalities in the development of human capital of faculty members in terms of influencing factors can provide an effective and efficient road map for planning to provide a strategy for the development of human capital of faculty members to policy makers, decision makers and activists in this field.

The basic concept of a personal brand is based on strategy promotion, and promotion of development concepts towards the advancement of people to strengthen the competence of people to enter the market. The current research has investigated the influence of the strategic role of individual competencies on the strengthening of the personal brand about the part of employment quality.

The research method in the present research, since research aims to determine the empirical relationships in the field of relationships between the factors influencing the development of the personal brand and the competencies related to the creation and development of a personal brand, in terms of the purpose applied, and in terms of the way of collecting descriptive information, it is correlational. The statistical population includes post-graduate university graduates. The random sample size was 356 people using Cochran's formula and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The face validity was confirmed based on the opinion of professors and experts, and the overall reliability was in the acceptable range. Through Cronbach's alpha test, the total reliability of the questions was 876. / is 0. Statistical analysis, normality test with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test method, confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis and fitting of the research model were done with the help of SPSS software and Smart pls software.

Examining the data obtained from standard coefficients, t-statistics, as well as the graph of standard coefficients and significance of the personal brand model showed that all dimensions of the specialized component have a direct and significant effect on the unique brand model at a confidence level of 99%.

The results of the research have shown that the main hypotheses are accepted and the components of individual competence based on the components of employment quality have a significant positive effect on the components of personal brand.

Tourism is considered a major power where it has a constructive effect on the environment, society, and the overall economy. The importance of the tourism industry is derived from its role as a strategic economic function for so many countries around the world. According to them, this study was conducted due to the great importance of the tourism sector and its influence on other economic sectors, and because of the growing implementation of the destination image concept in the field of tourism, where the mental image of a travel destination has an important role in convincing people to visit that place. The purpose of this study is to study tourism advertising strategies and analysis the components of each dimension of an effective advertising strategy in order to reconstruct the tourist image of the tourist destinations in crisis.

This study is a qualitative study based on the grounded theory and, in terms of purpose, is an exploratory study. A review of the theoretical basis and literature review in the field of reconstruction of tourists' mental images and the models used in these studies have been used to extract their elements. At this stage, and in order to get to the purpose of the study, a number of questions were designed that include the main question and some sub-questions. The main question is: what is the advertising strategy for reconstructing the mental image of tourists? The sub-questions of the research are: 1) who is the target audience of the considered advertising strategy? 2) What is the content of advertisements for the reconstruction of the mental image of tourists in crisis countries? 3) What media is suitable for reconstructing the mental image of tourists? 4) What should be the frequency of repetition of the ad needed to reconstruct the mental image? The exploratory section used semi-structured interviews with tourism industry experts in Syria and Iran to collect samples. The refined variables and the relationships between them have been identified using grounded theory to increase the understanding of the problem. Content analysis methods have been used. In this regard, to analyze the interviews and obtain the findings, (Atlas Ti) software was used, which has produced several graphs with the help of this software. The statistical population of this research, as we said before, was the tourism industry experts of Syria and Iran, where it consisted of 11 experts. In this study, the sample size was selected based on the theoretical saturation of academic and tourism industry experts. Purposeful sampling was performed according to the theoretical saturation approach.

The experts of the tourism industry in Syria and Iran stated that regarding the specific situation in Syria, the target audience should be either neighboring or friendly countries, where they may have the ability to know the real situation that exists in the country in the light of its special conditions. In addition to that, overseas tourism agencies can also be considered a target audience. Speaking about advertising content, it can be designed in several ways, such as using the concept of religious tourism, health tourism, war tourism, documentary advertising, other travel details, focus on the desert, historical and archaeological places and destinations that were exposed to war, use of a combination of advertising types, including video, photos, and posters, use of domestic tours as advertising, focus on government actions and security, and cultural and entertainment aspects of the destination. The data collected from tourism sector experts showed that it is better to use social media such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Websites, Wikipedia, and others to spread this advertisement. Television is also still an influential tool. In addition, international tourism exhibitions may be one of the most important means to be used in order to promote the destination, and word-of-mouth advertisements may also have a great influence in this respect. On the other hand, inviting public figures, communicating with foreign tourism companies, and having an agent in foreign countries can be used to promote the destination's image abroad too. Also, the role of embassies and tourist ministries should not be ignored. Finally, in order to determine the number of repetitions of the advertisement, accurate research should be done to determine the average usage of the selected media by the people of the target countries. But in this regard, it must be mentioned that some experts think that broadcasting advertisements less than four times a day will not be effective enough. Others think that the advertising must be taken into consideration for at least six months to get the expected benefit from it. On the other hand, there is no specific number of contributions to the international tourism exhibitions, and the usage of word-of-mouth advertising cannot be connected to repetition.

Many concepts must be taken into consideration in order to develop the tourism sector in a country where it is considered one of the vital sectors that has the potential to increase national income and help strengthen and revive the country's economy. This sector has a significant effect on many other economic sectors, but despite that, it is very sensitive and capable of being affected by many factors. According to this, the importance of this study comes from the growing importance of the tourism industry and the destination image, which play a great role in affecting visitors' perception of a destination and forming their attitude toward it.

Investigating the effect of the functions of the knowledge management maturity triple model (Infosys model, general model and KPMG model) on gaining competitive advantage capabilities in the National Petrochemical Company.

The purpose of applied research and data collection method is descriptive-causal. It has 6 hypotheses (quantitative) and one question (qualitative). The statistical population has two parts, the quantitative part includes 180 employees of the knowledge department of the National Petrochemical Company and the qualitative part includes 10 experts of the company. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. SPSS23 and LISREL 8.80 statistical software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the functions of the triple model of knowledge management maturity are effective in gaining competitive advantage capabilities in the National Petrochemical Company. The dimensions of the model functions (organizational processes, human resources, technology, and knowledge content) also had an effect on the company's competitive advantage capabilities. Also, the National Petrochemical Company has a higher adaptability among the triple maturity models with the infusion model with an average of 3.62 and 72%, and the KPMG and general models with an average of 3.3 and 25.2, respectively. They are in the second and third ranks.

Failure to pay attention to the functions of knowledge management maturity in the organization leads to the loss of intellectual capital, products, technologies, innovations and creativity. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of the functions of the triple model of knowledge management maturity (Infosys model, general model and KPMG model) in gaining competitive advantage capabilities in the National Petrochemical Company.

The aims’ study is to present a model of personal branding based on individual competencies and the employment. In this qualitative research, the grounded theory approach has been adopted for data collection. The aim is to develop a model; this study is categorized as exploratory and fundamental research. The study population consisted of experts and university professors in the Business Management, the Organizational Behavior Management, Human Resources, and Entrepreneurship departments, who know the concept of personal branding and extensively explored its various dimensions. A personal brand helps individuals emerge from obscurity and manifest by their abilities. Personal branding allows people to establish their position as a professional in their field of work and build a reputation for themselves. To develop a personal brand, it is essential to acquire and reinforce individual competencies. Researchers divide competence into two general categories: technical and behavioral. Technical competencies or technical knowledge is associated with the execution of a task, whereas behavioral competencies are concerned with how it is conducted, which embraces knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Research shows that if an individual possesses the knowledge and skills in a particular field, but their behavior and performance do not reflect that distinction and merit, they cannot be called competent in that field.Previous research has primarily explored specific elements and variables of personal branding, and the role of individual competence and employment factors has largely been disregarded. Informed by the importance of personal branding research on the employment and the role of individual competencies in personal branding, this study investigates how a personal branding model could be developed within the framework of individual competencies by considering employment factors. In fact, this model aims to fill a gap in the personal branding processes by accounting for the role of employment the variables of individual competencies in developing and shaping this type of branding.Case study: The development of individual competencies presents an effective strategy to reduce the unemployment rate. Hence, the main subject raised in this study is to develop a personal branding model based on individual competencies and employment.Theoretical Framework: To build a personal brand, it is essential to acquire and improve individual competencies. Researchers split competence into two categories: technical and behavioral. Technical competencies or technical knowledge related to the execution of a task, and behavioral competencies are concerned with how the work is performed, which includes knowledge, skills, and attitudes. According to studies, if one possesses the necessary knowledge and skills in a particular field, but his behavior and performance fails to reflect that distinction and merits, he/she cannot be called competent in that field. In addition, competence is inherently associated with value creation and innovation. Even with a command of knowledge and skills and a well-adjusted attitude, entrapment in the stagnation of everyday life would suppress one’s competence, which has a direct impact on employment.

Based on its purpose and nature, this is qualitative research. It is also exploratory in its attempt to present a model. Drawing on the grounded theory approach, this paper investigates a population of university professors, managers and consultants. Sampling conducted using the purposive sampling method. To do so, the snowball sampling technique adopted at this stage of the study. Data collected through interviews. All steps grounded theory did by using MAXQDA software also utilized for data analysis. Data encryption carried out using the following three steps: open coding, axial coding and selective coding.

The current study undertaken to present a personal branding model based on individual competencies and the employment within the framework of qualitative research. To extract dimensions and indicators and to formulate the model, the grounded theory approach used in three coding steps. The personal branding model based on individual competencies for someone’s employment developed after 20 interviews in three coding steps (open, axial, selective) using the grounded theory approach. The proposed model consists of three main components (personal branding, individual competencies, and employment). The paradigm model of this research inspired from Corbin and Strauss’s paradigm model. Despite these factors and conditions, the evaluation model and the process of developing a personal branding model designed based on individual competencies of someone’s for employment. Explaining factors linked to this subject was also one of the primary concerns of this research.The adoption of the grounded theory approach to extract indicators of the above variables is another innovation of this research. Accordingly, some of the main findings of the research, which considered as its contribution to the body of knowledge in this field, are:Presenting a local model of personal branding based on individual competencies and employment of someone, the gap of which strongly felt in the literature.Identifying the indicators and dimensions associated with personal branding, derived from the grounded theory approachProviding a new path and model for personal brand development

According to this study, individual competencies are linked to dimensions of personality traits and adaptability; employment is associated with the dimensions of job specifications, family, society, reward and income, and personal branding is related to the dimensions of cultural characteristics, lifestyle and skills. Hence, by focusing on developing individual competencies and employment, people can promote their personal brand in an attempt to foster their credibility in the working community, to build reputation, and to establish their social status and prestige.

The purpose of this study is to explain the functions of the cultural system in promoting organizational attachment in the telecommunications industry. This research has been done in two parts: quantitative and qualitative, using statistical tools and data base using a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. To achieve the objectives of this study, 37 experts in the field of telecommunications industry answered the questionnaire and 9 people participated in the interview process. Also, for data analysis, SPSS software version 22 and descriptive statistics tests such as frequency and percentage and inferential statistics, t-test were used. The results showed that the most important reason for membership in the telecommunications industry of Iran has been self-actualization and efforts to understand and develop the scientific talents of employees. It can also be said that the dominant organizational culture can maximize the types of job attachments, including secure attachment, job fascination, and most of all, insecure attachment. Other results indicated that the highest attachment identified in the study was insecure attachment, which shows itself in contrast to other types of organizational attachment. In the existing literature on organizational culture, no model has been mentioned to study the effect of dominant organizational culture on organizational attachment of employees, which has been studied in this study and the model was drawn based on the research results.