محمدرضا فرشاد

In recent years, researchers in the field of behavioral sciences have paid more attention to the importance of the mental health of the family and its members and the role they play in shaping the dynamics of society. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to predict aggression based on internalized shame and communication skills in mothers with elementary school children.

This descriptive-correlational research was conducted in Bandar Abbas city in 2023 with the statistical population of all mothers with elementary school children. Using convenience sampling, 222 mothers were selected. The data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, "Aggression Questionnaire", "Internalized Shame Scale" and " Communication Skills Test-Revised ". The content validity of the instruments was confirmed by the qualitative method by asking the opinions of 4 lecturers of the Department of Counseling and Psychology of Hormozgan University. Reliability was checked and confirmed by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data of the research was collected through in-person visits to schools and qualified mothers responding to the instruments. The data was analyzed with SPSS.26.

Internalized shame positively predicted mothers' aggression (P<0.001, β=0.56). Also, among the components of communication skills, only communication with assertiveness positively predicted aggression in mothers. (β>0.001, P=0.29). The results of the regression analysis also showed that 0.46 of the total variance of aggression is explained by internalized shame and communication with assertiveness.

Internalized shame and communication with assertiveness are important predictors of aggression in mothers with elementary school children. 
Therefore, it is suggested that educational methods to reduce internalized shame and improve communication skills, especially the component of communication together with assertiveness, should be considered for mothers with primary school children.

Emotional expression is an important element of a normal and dynamic relationship. Therefore, it is essential to identify effective factors on emotional expressiveness in married women. As a result, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the simple and multiple relationships between experiential avoidance, communication skills, and emotional expression in married women of Bandar Abbas City in 2022.

This study is a descriptive one. The statistical population of the present study included all married women in Bandar Abbas City in 2022, who have been married for at least 3 years, and 205 of them were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included emotional expression questionnaire, experiential avoidance questionnaire, and communication skills questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed simultaneously by using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression.

The results showed that emotional expression has a significant and negative correlation with experiential avoidance (r=-0.19; p<0.001). But emotional expression has a positive and significant correlation with listening communication skills (r=0.18; p<0.001) and insight into the communication process (r=0.21; p<0.001). The results of regression also showed that 34 percent of the total variance of emotional expression is explained by experiential avoidance, communication skills of listening, and insight into the communication process.

The results of regression analysis showed that experiential avoidance factors, communication skills of active listening, and insight into the process play an important role in influencing the level of emotional expression in married women. Therefore, a detailed examination of the effects of these factors will probably help counseling and psychology professionals in a practical way in intervention and counseling programs.

The challenges faced by the mothers of children with behavioral problems underline the necessity of improving psychological characteristics, especially quality of life, in this group. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to predict the quality of life in terms of spiritual intelligence and resiliency in mothers of children with behavioral problems in 2018.

This descriptive-correlational research was performed on 100 mothers of children with behavioral problems referring to the counseling centers of Neyshabour, Razavi Khorasan, Iran, in 2018. The participants were selected using the multistage random sampling technique. The data collection was performed using three questionnaires, namely the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF, and spiritual intelligence. Then data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23).

Based on the obtained results, quality of life showed a positive and significant relationship with spiritual intelligence (r=0.59, P<0.01) and resiliency (r=0.63, P<0.01). Furthermore, the results of the regression analysis showed that 66% and 68% of the variance in quality of life were explained by spiritual intelligence and resiliency, respectively. In this prediction, resiliency was more significant than spiritual intelligence (P<0.01).

The findings showed the importance of resiliency and spiritual intelligence variables in predicting the quality of life in mothers having children with behavioral problems. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and psychologists consider the quality of life in this group. Additionally, they are recommended to apply spiritual intelligence and resilience strategies in their educational programs and treatments to increase the quality of life in mothers having children with behavioral problems.

Satisfaction with marital life is one of the most important concepts related to marital life of couples and is influenced by many factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between couples' mutuality afflicted to conflict with marital satisfaction and the mediating role of life quality. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all conflicting couples referring to counseling centers in Bandar Abbas in 2017. From the statistical population, 380 couples (760 men and women) were selected using convenience sampling method.
The instrument of measurement was the three “Iranian Couples Intellectual Mutuality and Coordination Questionnaire”, “World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire”, “Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale”. Validity and reliability of instruments have been confirmed in previous studies. The data were analyzed by statistical tests and structural equation modeling approach using SPSS.23 and AMOSS version 20. In the structural equation model, the relationships between the variables were acceptable and all the research hypotheses were approved. The correlation between the level of mutuality with quality of life (β = 0.41, P = 0.005), correlation between marital satisfaction (P = 0.54, P = 0.004) and correlation between quality of life and marital satisfaction (β = 0.34, P = 0.002). The level of mutuality of conflicting couples is directly and indirectly correlated with quality of life with marital satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that before marriage, training is needed for intellectual similarities for couples.

Background and The parenting style has a significant impact on many aspects of children's lives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the positive parenting education based on Sander's approach on happiness and parent-child conflict of students.
The research method is semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all male secondary school students in Shiraz during the academic year of 2016-2017. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 30 mothers whose children had low score in the happiness and a high score in parent-child conflict, were selected and assigned into experimental and control groups randomly. Data were collected by Oxford Happiness Inventory (Argyll and Levy, 1990) and Strauss's parent-child conflict questionnaire (1996). The positive parenting style was taught to the experimental group in 8 sessions. Data analysis was performed by using covariance analysis.
The results showed that positive parenting education based on Saunder's approach had a significant effect on increasing happiness and reducing parent-child conflict in students (P Overall, the results of this study confirm and emphasize the usefulness of positive parenting education because of its role in health and happiness and reduction of parent-child conflict.

The prevailing atmosphere of the family is the foundation of many of the issues of people at all stages of life. Family function is affected by several factors. The purpose of this study was to predict family function based on communication patterns and perceived social support in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences nurses.
This descriptive study was of correlational type. The statistical population of this study was all married nursing students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences during the academic year 2012-2013. Using Morgan table, 221 people (126 males, 95 females) were selected using available sampling method and Epstein, Baldwin and Bisbev family function questionnaire (1983), Fitzpatrick and Ritchie communication patterns (1990) and perceived support Wax et al. (1986). SPSS 16 software was used to analyze the data and Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests were used in the same way to examine the hypotheses.
The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of communication patterns and perceived social support with family work. And the components of conversation, consistency, family support and friends can significantly predict the function of the family.
Communication patterns and social support play a significant role in the family function and function of the nursing community.

Burnout is one of the most important factors in reducing productivity in organizations and involves physical and mental signs, especial lly in the human service professions. The purpose of this study was to Perdiction of Burnout Based on Marital Conflict and Self-Differentiation. In this research a total sample of 245 teachers were chosen by cluster sampling. The sampled teachers were asked to fill out the Marital Conflict Questionnaire, Bowen self- differentiation Questionnaire, and Geldard Burnout Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using simultaneous regression and by SPSS software. The outcomes of the regression showed that prospective variables can predict 41/7 variance of burnout. Marital conflict and self-differentiation can predict the occupational burnout; therefore, drawing the actual goals and values is achievable and at the same time plays an effective role in learners’ learning in future performance and future job far from any comflict.The research can be a light EFFECTIVE way for administrators to achieve organizational goals is manpower.

Wellbeing of the population is the main goal of each country. This study aimed to the structural model of self-compassion and psychological well-being, self-esteem and body image among female students of Shiraz University with mediator. The study population consisted girl students of Shiraz University. For this purpose, a sample of 280 student were selected using a one-step cluster sampling. The scale body image, well-being, self-compassion and self-esteem was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using path analysis by AMOS software. The proposed model is based on the hypothesis was tested. The results show that the model is a good fit. Based on the results of the structural model, "self-compassion is a predictor of body image and self-esteem", "body image is a predictor of well-being” and so "self-esteem is a predictor of body image". Indirect influences are consisting of "self-compassion influences on self-esteem on body image" and "influences self-compassion on body image on well-being ". Study the importance of self-esteem, body image and self-pity in well-being shows

Self esteem is a one of the important issues in psychology and psychotherapy, on which so many factors have influence. The goals of this research, surveyed direct and indirect effects and achievement motivation and academic motivation with students self esteem. The statistical population consisted of all the students in sixth grade at primary schools in Tehran in 1393. And 247 students were chosen for the investigation based on stratified sampling. The results showed parents relations quality and motivate achievement and also academic motivate as a moderate variable influencing students self esteem (p < 0/01). Based on the results of this study, we can say parent's relations quality and achievement motivate and also having academic motivate increasing students self esteem and study model verifying in totality.