محمدرضا گلی

"Imageology", as an approach in literary and historical texts, and criticism, applies an interdisciplinary method to understand the culture, identity, and real image of a nation from the point of view of another. Al-Masalik Wa'l-Mamalik by Istakhri, a geographer and travelogue writer of the Persian region, is one of the important historical texts of the 3rd and 4th centuries AH. In his work, Istakhri introduces different regions and tribes of Iran and Islamic countries, one of which is Sistan and Sistanians. This research is an attempt to answer the following questions: what are the types of images of Sistan in Al-Masalik Wa'l-Mamalik, how did Istakhri judge and narrate these images, and what are the reasons for that? To that aim, all the images related to Sistan in Istakhri's book are extracted and classified into cultural, religious, political, historical, economic, architectural, and geographical indicators based on imagology. Also, Istakhrī's attitude in evaluation and to some extent his reasons for that were analyzed. The overall estimation of the images related to Sistan in Al-Masālik wa'l-Mamālik shows Istakhrī's positive view of this people and factors such as influence from previous books, ecology, national-religious tendencies and the structure of the society of his era was influential in presenting these images.

In this study, freshness and quality of cultured shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied by using some mechanical properties (under shear and compression) during four storage stages (0, 3, 6 and 9 days) with generally used conditions (at temperature of 0 oC, in ice). For this purpose, two shearing loading rates of 48 and 144 mm/min were examined. Shear properties including stiffness modulus, yield energy, maximum energy, maximum shear force and total energy and the compression properties including total strain energy, recycle energy, stiffness, hardness, resilience, hysteresis, maximum adherence of exerted force and springiness were evaluated. The parameters of weight with and without skin, volume with and without skin, specific weight with and without skin, and length were considered as some physical properties of the shrimp samples. A factorial statistical design with completely randomized block design was used for data analysis and Duncans’ test was exploited for mean comparisons. Based on the results, effects of the independent variables (storage day, modulus of stiffness) were significant at 1% probability level. Also, hysteresis and total strain energy for storage day showed marked difference at 5 % level. It can be concluded that mechanical properties of the shrimp could be used to determine shrimp freshness and use of compression method with modulus of stiffness and shrimp tissue stiffness is the most appropriate approach for this aim. Resilience energy, springiness and stiffness of shrimp tissue continuously reduced by sixth day of storage afterward the parameters tend to increase. This finding demonstrates that the tenderness of the tissue is gradually diminished after harvest.

The goal of this research is to study the cultural challenges of knowledge management implementation in National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC). Therefore, we have used two Nonaka & Takouchi models and Denison model for assessing variables. The research population included whole managers and experts of NIGC. Totally, 300 questionnaires were provided that 141 questionnaires were prepared for analyzing. ANOVA Variance Analysis, Pearson-Coefficient Test and Mean Test were used to analyze data. First, position of NIGC was evaluated in the models. Then interaction between knowledge management model and organizational culture were assessed. NIGC had gained the highest score in externalization and mission dimensions. There are significant relationships between knowledge management and organizational culutre, mission and combination, mission and externalization, mission and internalization, and mission and knowledge creation process. Finally, some solutions were suggested for solving cultural challenges of knowledge management implementation.