محمدعلی زاغیان

Due to the high vulnerability of historical tissues during an earthquake and reviewing the experiences of previous earthquakes, identifying the factors affecting the empowerment of this type of tissue against earthquakes is one of the important topics in the crisis management process. Its realization based on the principles of pre-accident empowerment can prevent the occurrence or spread of secondary crises. In historical contexts, due to the long life of buildings and the lack of necessary measures for proper strengthening, the occurrence of earthquakes will cause significant damage and the rate of severe losses and widespread homelessness of their residents. To this end, it is necessary to focus more on these types of areas, Investigate the fact that it has a very important role in preparing the community and preventing disaster in various dimensions, as well as in the process of community rehabilitation and reconstruction of the affected area. The method of this qualitative research is based on description and test with AHP analysis. In this research, the historical context of Kashan as one of the important centers of earthquakes has been discussed. In several stages, step by step and interconnected, the what, why and how of the subject is examined in different sections.Then, in order to collect criteria from the interview method; To determine the target population and correct sampling, multi-criteria decision-making method and AHP hierarchical analysis process and finally an expert questionnaire for pairwise comparison were used. The results show that prior to the occurrence of earthquakes in historical contexts, according to the prevailing conditions in these areas, with proper planning, an appropriate response to the critical conditions can be predicted. In this regard, it is necessary to provide the principles and approaches of empowerment in the crisis management program in historical contexts by identifying, then analyzing and evaluating the effective factors in the physical, social and economic fields and finally providing an appropriate solution.

Regarding the severe vulnerability of historical textures to earthquake, studying the aspects of the crisis, the particular feature of such contexts and a considering previous related experiences, it is significantly important to temporarily house people during the process of providing a shelter after the incident. It should be noted that finding the most logical yet practical solution would prevent any further catastrophe following the very first crisis. Experience proves that residents of aforementioned with a much more depth in social relationships are far more inclined to stay in the area. Therefore, preparing the suitable circumstances would lead to a shorter time in reaching the normal stage. Hence, the question is what would make temporary shelters necessary and what could be the best solution? The following research ,which is based on a qualitative approach, descriptions and analysis, studies the past of the noted issue and then the way people interact with historical places in various types, all relied on library studies. Subsequently, the data is analyzed, evaluated and resulted in conclusions according to the model of SWOT. By referring to the results of evaluating the suggested model from both inside and out, Due to a sense of belonging and on-going social sustainability, there appears that occupants of historic places tend more than others to inhabit a location close to their residence after earthquake so that they can participate actively in the process of rebuilding while they are able to take care of their possessions (social, cultural and financial ones). Not only does it culminate in taking into account the needs of people, but it also provides them the desire to stay and strive to bring back life and satisfaction.

Previous earthquake experiences in Iran, indicate the lack of a any housing program, based on the spatial capacity of the affected community. Due to the high vulnerability of historical tissues and in order to reduce the aroused social and economic costs, locating the temporary housing for earthquake victims, is of the most important challenges for planners, therefore requiring the planning and redesigning. Considering the existing potential focal points, including abandoned buildings and arid lands, temporary placing of earthquake victims in these tissues, enjoys the capacities which, in the case of being benefited correctly, social psychological damages caused by the crisis, will be reduced to a minimum. It is expected that with the proper placement of temporary settlements, rather than focusing our planning, based on local capacities, some areas be also provided for reducing social threats and economic dimensions. The current study is quantitative and based on data analysis. In the field of methodology, while conducting library studies and exploring the earthquake issue in historical contexts and field surveys -based on GIS software and hierarchical method (AHP)- proper places for temporary settlement, have been prioritized and determined. research findings indicate that the distance from previous settlements, selected places for settlement (Available capacities), distance from access pathways, distance from the relief centers and the crisis centers; were considered as the most important factors influencing on locating temporary settlements. In Mohtasham's neighborhood, there are open spaces, deserted and ruined spaces as well as water reservoirs, considered as the potential capacities, located in a safe area, having the ability to switch to temporary settlements; In such a way that by designing or rehabilitation them, all the residents can be placed near their residence site; while providing 16 square meters of living space for each person.

Agriculture has been a widespread activity in Kashan since a long time ago which has developed traditions and local skills. The said traditions and skills of earning living from farming has created a system which could be recognized as an agricultural heritage due to its values. This heritage possesses significant structural dimensions; as the form and feature of farms as well as their location and related buildings are noteworthy. The surveys indicate that many farms which might be fenced or unfenced could be consisted of buildings which are built inside or outside the farms. Apart from the buildings inside the fenced farms which are connected to the fence as well, types of farming mansions are recognizable which are located inside a fenced farm or among series of unfenced farms. At this moment, many of these buildings are forgotten or being destroyed. The values hidden in the agricultural heritage of the district as well as the traces in buildings indicating the mode of farming and working on farms highlight the necessity for further attention to and preservation of these buildings. Accordingly, first we should address the question of what are the common features in the buildings and farming mansions as one of the critical elements in describing the structural dimensions of the agricultural heritage of the district? This paper focuses on addressing this question and aims at recognizing some of these valuable buildings and stressing the necessity for preservation of the agricultural perspective of this district. The main part of this study has been carried out on the basis of field observation and analysis. It has been attempted to provide and evaluate the findings using library sources as well as reviewing aerial photographs. The findings of the study indicate that the surveyed farms consist of buildings inside or outside their fence. These buildings were built as mansions which provided the grounds for taking advantage of the landscapes inside the farm or plain.