فهرست مطالب محمدمهدی فداکار داورانی

Social participation is a determining factor for promoting health and well-being. This study aims to investigate the factors facilitating and inhibiting the social participation of the elderly in Kerman, Iran based on their health-promoting behaviors.

Methods & Materials: 

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 276 elderly people over 60 years old in Kerman city in 2020. They completed a demographic from, the questionnaire of social participation based on the Canadian Community Health Survey, and the questionnaire of health- promoting behaviors. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests including univariate and multivariate regression were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The Mean±SD score of social participation was 6.71±4.01. Illness and health problems (50.3%), costs (39.1%), commuting problems (31.1%), low mood (29.3%), and COVID-19 pandemic (28.2%) were the most common barriers to social participation. The elderly who were single (P<0.001), younger (P<0.001), with academic degree (P<0.001), and low number of children (P<0.001) had significantly higher social participation. Multivariable analysis showed that physical activity (P=0.033), disease prevention (P=0.002), and physical and social health (P<0.001) were the factors affecting social participation of the elderly.

The social participation of the elderly in Kerman is affected by multiple factors. Therefore, planning to manage diseases, increase income, and solve the transportation problems of the elderly are recommended to improve their social participation.

Medical adherence is one of the most important behaviors in the care of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting cardiovascular patients’ adherence based on the Health Belief Model in 2016.

In this cross-sectional study, 420 cardiovascular patients admitted to Kerman University of Medical Sciences educating hospitals were chosen via convenience sampling, and data was collected by a researcher made questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model about factors effective on medical adherence. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, ANOVA, and t-test in SPSS software 21.

In this study, 40.5% of participants had a low level of adherence. There were significant relations between health belief model constructs together, and between adherence with perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy (p<0.001). The Health Belief Model predicted 33.7% of the variance in medical adherence (p<0.001).

According to the findings of this study the health belief model can be used in planning and intervening to improve medical adherence in cardiovascular patients. Developing an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model is suggested for enhancing medical adherence among patients.

After security, the second most important human need is health and the healthcare reform plan is a program for improving health services. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social consequences of implementing the health system reform plan in Rafsanjan, with emphasis on the feeling of discrimination among employees of the educational organizations of this city.
In this descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, 362 employees of the educational organizations were selected through stratified random sampling in 2015. A researcher-made questionnaire with 21 questions was used to measure the variables. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis and data analysis was performed through SPSS version 20.
63% of the staff of educational institutions perceived discrimination in the health system reform plan at an intermediate level. The staff of the Education Department with mean score of 59.0 had the most and Vali -ye-Asr University employees with mean score of 44.9 had the least perceived discrimination from the implementation of the health system reform program. Among job categories, teachers with mean score of 56.5 had the most and physicians with mean score of 45.1 had the least perceived discrimination from the implementation of the health system reform plan. Increased health costs was associated with increased perceived discrimination while higher socioeconomic status and care services was associated with decreased perceived discrimination.
The results of this study showed that the implementation of the health system reform plan has led to different levels of discriminatory perception among staff of educational institutions.

Diabetes is one of the major health problems in the world and half of the affected patients are unaware of it. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the Health Belief Model on the behavior of male subjects attending diabetes screening.
This interventional study was performed on 180 men over 30 years of age. The intervention group (90 ones) underwent educational intervention conducted over four 60-minute sessions. Data were collected using a questionnaire (including 51 questions) filled out through direct interview before the intervention and two months after that. Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis.
After the intervention, knowledge scores increased in both intervention and control groups. This was due to the implementation of routine training at the centers. But, significant increase in the attitudes and practice was observed only in the intervention group. Also, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action, after the intervention, showed significant increase in the intervention group compared with the control group (P Health Belief Model was effective in education of people over 30 years old for participating in diabetes screening programs. Therefore, it is recommended to use this model alongside traditional methods.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD( are the main cause of mortality and disability in the world. Incorrect food habits are the most important risk factors for CVD. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of nutritional behaviors related to cardiovascular diseases based on the theory of planned behavior among health volunteers.
This research was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. The sample was determined based on census and all the 128 active female health volunteers were participated in the study. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire that includes demographic variables and the theory of planned behavior constructs (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and nutritional behavior). Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and linear regression using SPSS 21.
The average age of participants was 39.17±1.01 years and the mean BMI was 26.38±4.69 kg/m2.There was a positive (direct) correlation between TPB constructs. Attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention predicted 37% of the variance for nutritional behaviors. Intention was a significant predictor of nutritional behavior (β=0.409) and perceived behavioral control was the strongest predictor for intention (β=0.228).
Perceived behavioral control was a strong predictor for intention and nutritional behavior, therefore, it is recommended to plan interventions according to this factor to improve nutritional behavior.

Medication adherence in patients with diabetes is one of the main factors in diabetic patients care. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on medication adherence in patients with diabetes referred to a diabetes center in Zarand, Iran, in 2014.
This quasi-experimental study was performed on 100 patients with diabetes. The patients were divided into two groups (intervention and control). Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic variables, constructs of HBM, and the Morisky self-report questionnaire. The intervention group were divided into 5 groups including 8-12 patients, and according to the HBM, education was performed in four 60-90 minute sessions during one month. One month after the intervention, data were collected again and analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear regression, and Mann–Whitney U test.
There was a significant difference in mean score of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived efficacy, and cues to action between intervention and control groups after the intervention. Medication adherence was significantly related to the level of education (P=0.006). Among constructs of HBM, perceived self-efficiency was the strongest predicting factor (P=0.03). After the intervention, the mean scores of perceived sensitivity (P Education based on the HBM was effective in increasing adherence to medical instructions in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This paper looks at qanat from a different angle. The main hypothesis of this paper is that the provision of water by the rural people themselves using qanat and its associated social network which is necessary for the maintenance, membership and use of water can be the origin of enhancing the tendency to advance, generating participatory environment, and strengthening the spirit of empowerment in the direction of the realization of the conditions of sustainable rural development. The field study in this research was carried out in two villages Davaran (with qanat) and Ferdowsieh (without qanat) in Rafsanjan county. The results indicated that, in terms of social development, a significant relationship did not exist between the two villages. But there such a relationship existed between owners and non owners which showed the importance of qanat in strengthening sustainable rural development in these areas. Also the level of empowerment in the village with qanat was significantly higher. In Davaran the owners of qanat were more empowered than non owners. The level of social participation in the two villages was not significantly different, but there was a significant difference between the two villages concerning the propensity to advance.

In this paper, we focused on collaboration in the social network of Qanat. The comlex relationships between Qanat users, including owners and other villagers, can be a source for creating social capital in rural areas with Qanat. This paper demonstrates that Qanat has an importat role in Iranian civilization. As a sample, it is completely described how vallaigers in Davaran (A village in Kerman) manage the affairs related to Qanat. The research was carried out in a village with Qanat, namely Davaran, and a village without Qanat, namely Ferdosie. These two villages were chosen since it seemed the diffrence between water resources influenced all social areas. 300 participants in Davran and 150 participants in Ferdosie completed a questionnaire including social capital scale as an independent variable and some dependent variables. Research findings show that with regard to social capital, there is a significant diffrence between the two villages that were analyzed. Mean social capital of Davaran is more than mean social capital of Ferdosie. Also findings show that regarding social capital, there is a significant diffrence between Qanat owners and others in Davaran.