فهرست مطالب مختار اسکندری

A significant percentage of the heating value of the fuel is lost in the form of hot exhaust gases from the vehicle exhaust system. In recent developments, thermoelectric materials have been developed with high efficiency, simplicity, and good strength, and the tendency to use this technology to directly convert wasted heat into electricity has increased. Vehicle heat generators are one of the applications of this technology. In the present paper, a vehicle thermoelectric generator model was first confirmed with experimental data, and then changes were made to the parameters that affect the fuel economy and output power of the vehicle thermoelectric generator. The design that produces the maximum output power is different from the design that produces the most fuel economy. Backpressure was identified as the most important factor in fuel consumption. Different parameters were examined, each of which had different effects on fuel consumption and power output, and finally, a model was obtained that could reduce the overall fuel consumption by 0.07 in the vehicle at rest.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) known as a tolerant plant to salinity and has capability to produce reasonable yield under saline conditions. Salinity decreases water uptake by seeds and can lead to delay in germination and seedling establishment. To investigate the effect of salinity on barley germination, three different experiments were carried out in completely randomized design through 13 treatments each with three replications. In these experiments, germination process was studied within three different media including NaCl+CaCl2 solution, natural saline water and natural saline soil. Studied variety was the spring variety, Tropy. The salinity levels in all experiments were consisted of control (0.005), 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27 dS.m-1. The germinatedseeds were counted at designated time intervals and continued up to full germination or until the consecutive counting were the same. The number of germinated seeds as well as the germination rates were then calculated and analyzed. The results indicated that by increasing salinity, both percentage and rate of germination decreased. There were further reductions in natural saline water than the NaCl+CaCl2 solution. In higher salinity levels, the germination rate was decreased, while the required time for germination has increased. Seeds were germinated in all salinity treatments within the NaCl+CaCl2 solution. But in the soil medium, germination was successful up to 13 dS.m-1 and the germinated seed numbers were rapidly reduced such that in 23 dS.m-1 treatment no seed was germinated. This observation can be attributed to the fact that in the saline soil medium, the matric potential is also reducing the seed water uptake.

In order to study the effect of different resources of farmyard manure, compost and biofertilizers on grain yield and quality of canola (Talaieh cultivar), an experiment was conducted at Kurdistan region in 2008 and 2009 growing season. Experimental units were arranged in split-split plots design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Main plots consisted of two locations with difference in soil texture (L1): Agricultural Research Center of Sanandaj and (L2): Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj, as location levels. Also, five strategies for obtaining the base fertilizer requirement including (N1): farmyard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): farm yard manure + compost and (N5): farm yard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers were considered in split plots. Four levels of biofertilizers were (B1): Bacillus lentus and Pseudomonas putida; (B2): Trichoderma harzianum; (B3): Bacillus lentus and Pseudomonas putida & Trichoderma harzianum; and (B4): control. Results showed that location, different resources of fertilizer and interactions of them have a significant effect on grain yield. The highest grain yield (4660 kg/ha) was obtained from treatment, that farmyard manure, compost and biofertilizers were co application in clay loam soil (Gerizeh station). Location, basal fertilizers and biofertilizers have a significant effect on N, S and N/S of canola seed. Co application of compost and farmyard manure produced highest percent of olieic acid (61.5 %) and linoleic acid (22.9%). Co application of compost and farmyard manure has a significant increase in oleic acid and linoleic acid. Finally, L1N5B3 treatment, that compost, farmyard manure and biofertilizers were co application in Gerizeh station in compare to other treatments, selected as a best treatment of experiment.

In order to study the effect of crop rotation and different systems of soil fertility on grain yield and quality of canola (Talayeh cultivar), an experiment was conducted at experimental farm of Agricultural Research Center of Sanandaj in 2008 - 2010 growing seasons. Experimental designs were arranged in split-split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Main plot consisted three crop rotation, (R1): Chickpea, Sunflower, Wheat, Canola; (R2): Green manure, Chickpea, Green manure, Wheat, Green manure, Canola; (R3): Canola, Canola, Canola. Sub plots consisted of five strategies for obtaining the basal fertilizers requirement that included (N1): farm yard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): farm yard manure + compost and (N5): farm yard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers; and control (N6). Sub-Sub plots consisted four levels of biofertilizers: (B1): Bacillus lentus and Pseudomonas putida; (B2): Trichoderma harzianum; (B3): Bacillus lentus and Pseudomonas putida & Trichoderma harzianum; and (B4): control, (without biofertilizers). Results showed that rotation, basal fertilizers, biofertilizers and interactions of them have significant effects on grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained from R2N5B3 treatment, that organic and chemical fertilizers were co applied. Crop rotation, basal fertilizers, biofertilizers and interactions of them have a significant effect on leaf chlorophyll. The highest nitrogen content (38.9 mg/g) and least amount of (N/S) were obtained from N5B3 treatment. Crop rotation, basal fertilizers and biofertilizers have a significant effect on oil percent and oil yield.