فهرست مطالب مرتضی شاپوری

This study examines four theories of screenwriting by Syd Field, Christoph vogler, Robert Mckee, and John Truby. The theoretical framework of this research is to study the narrative method based on the models presented by all four theorists discussed in this research. The main purpose of this article is to compare the narrative style in the four theories of screenwriting. The research question is what are the common features and differences in the way these four theories are narrated.The approach of the present research is qualitative and the research method is a combination of comparative, descriptive and analytical methods and the method of data collection is library, observational and objective perception. The research findings show that there are commonalities and differences between these four theories and based on the use of three-part narrative method, all four theories are applicable. From the research findings, it can be concluded that the narrative style in Syd Field's model can be considered as a plot-based model based on the script's greater focus on plot. Mckee does not distinguish between a plot-driven and a character-driven screenplay, and the narrative style in Vogler and Truby patterns, which focus more on the character and change it, can be called a character-driven model. It should also be borne in mind that the narrative style in these four theories, apart from their dependence on Aristotelian drama, forms the narrative style common in fictional cinema.

The competition in the present world requires using all techniques, tools, and new pure ideas. In the second half of twentieth century, industrial producers of the world faced a new competitive environment which, using half of the capital and facilities required, offered products with better quality, more variety, and lower cost to the world market. One of these new techniques is called lean production. Lean production is in fact a systematic approach which attempts to remove the wastes and eliminate any extra process from the stage of preparing raw materials to production and sale. The present study, considering the production stages of a movie and comparing it with what happens in an industrial production line, intends to identify and discover wastes in the production stages of a movie. Analysis of the results through grounded theory methodology led to development of fifteen concepts and accordingly five main categories. These categories include three types of time waste, repetition, lack of coordination, and two infrastructural and cultural factors in the process of movie production.