مرضیه رشیدی

Correct-level surgery is one of the most important concerns in the treatment of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Variations in vertebral number can potentially result in wrong-level surgery. It is possible that the incidence and type of these variations be affected by different factors such as ethnicity. In the current retrospective study, the prevalence of these variations in Iranian AIS patients was investigated.  

Between 2012 to 2017, spinal fusion was performed for the treatment of AIS in 125 patients. The thoracic and lumbar vertebrae were enumerated on posteroanterior radiographs. The first thoracic vertebra was the one attached to the first pair of ribs. Enumeration was continued in a caudal direction. The lumbar level initiated just below the last vertebra with a pair of associated ribs.

Abnormal vertebral enumeration was found in 18 patients (14.4%). The prevalence of abnormal lumbar enumeration was higher than thoracic vertebrae (10.4% versus 4%). Eleven thoracic vertebrae were found in 5 patients (4%). Four lumbar vertebrae were found in eleven patients (8.8%). There were two patients with six lumbar vertebrae (1.6%). There was no patient with abnormal enumeration of both thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

The current study showed a relatively high rate of atypical number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in Iranian AIS patients. It is necessary to enumerate the vertebrae on the basis of an organized protocol preoperatively to prevent wrong-level surgery in AIS patients.

In the Safavid and Qajar dynasties, due to the relationship of Iran with the West, the desire of the court to experience the modern world and the desire of the Western world to recognize the East, shaped a kind of traditional and modern dichotomy in many social, cultural and artistic relationships of the society. This also influenced the status of women and their presence in the social arena. The portraiture in Iranian painting has been based on a pattern. What has been studied in this research is the woman's face in the paintings of these two periods. This article seeks to answer the following questions: How was the presentation of women's features in the designs of the Safavid period and Qajar era? What differences did they have in these two periods? The research method is descriptive-analytic and the information gathered by library method. The results show that women in the works of pre-Qajar paintings often have an exemplary and mythical position and, in terms of design, were unrealistic, and its visual value was like other elements of the painting, but in the late Safavid period and the Qajar period there has been a change in attitude towards painting due to the relationship with the West. As a result of attention to realism in drawing women's figures, as well as the formation of monotonous works, this led to a new image of woman in Iranian painting.

In recent years, Querqus trees especially those which are located in the Lorestan province, in the Central Zagros forests, have faced to the Oak decline phenomenon. Different natural and unnatural factors can make this phenomenon to occur. Quercus brantii, the dominant species of the Lorestan forests, is suffered from this phenomenon and it has been degraded in wide range. Quercus brantii contain different type of secondary compositions. Secondary compositions in the leaves react as a defensive mechanism against stress maker conditions. In present study, to investigate the effect of oak decline on the secondary compositions such as total tannin, insoluble suger, principal soluble suger, condensed tannin and antioxidant of the leaves of Quercus branti, some sample of the leaves from affected trees in the Lorestan forests were gathered. After different tests on the leaves of Quercus brantii, the analysis of the acquired data was conducted using the factorial experiment and independent t-test. The rate of total tannin, insoluble suger, principal soluble suger and condensed tannin in the affected tress in the regions of Miankooh, Maleshaban and Abolvafa had a significant difference with the healthy trees but the rate of antioxidant did not show a significant difference. Moreover, the rate of condensed tannin in the regions of Miankooh and Abolvafa were significantly greater than the other areas. Stressful conditions such as oak decline, cause changes in the amount of secondary compounds in leaves. Studying these changes can help diagnosing and controlling the prevalence of stressful conditions.

Maintaining soil moisture content at about field capacity and reducing water loss in near root zone using sub-irrigation methods plays a key role in developing soil and water management programs. Providing soil moisture can be an efficient method of subirrigation systems for many orchards at arid and semi-arid regions. In this research, in order to provide the water requirement of grape plant were used porous clay capsules with height and diameter of 12 cm and 3.5 cm, respectively. The water consumption, yield production and water use efficiency were evaluated and compared in both drip and porous clay irrigation systems. The results showed that the irrigation types significantly affect water consumption and water use efficiency. The average water consumption and yield production with buried clay capsules and drip irrigation methods on grapevine plant were 4050 and 6668 M3.ha-1 and 14.2 and 14.8 Ton.ha-1, respectively. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that using buried porous clay capsules leads to higher water use efficiency compared to drip irrigation in growing grapevine plant in arid and semiarid regions.

Iron-deficiency anemia is one of the main nutritional problems especially in young women. There are many strategies to combat iron deficiency anemia including change in food habits and nutritional education. Aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutritional education on iron deficiency anemia among high schools girls. In this semi-experimental study 68 high schools girls with iron deficiency anemia were educated for 4 months. Education materials were included brochures pamphlets and lectures. During nutritional education sessions the girls were presented with a pamphlet in which nutritional topics such as food groups iron absorption enhancers and inhibitors good sources of iron and ways to improve absorption of iron from foods were explained in simple words. Hemoglobin serum ferritin and serum zinc were measured in the beginning and end of the intervention. The girl’s knowledge and their attitude about nutrition were also obtained before and after the study. Paired-t test Wilcoxon and Spearman tests were used for data analysis. The amount of hemoglobin at the beginning and the end of the study were 109.5±10 g/l and 123.3±13 g/l respectively (P

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has recently become a focus of interest in curing patients. Although many studies have been published in the recent years arguing about the effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, there are some evidences of side effects of using different methods of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effectiveness and side effects of CAM. We searched the following electronic databases of January 2000 onward: PubMed, Sciencedirect and Springer. Our searching was limited to English language journals and human studies with the keywords: complementary medicine or alternative medicine. According to this study, we observed that the most commonly used complementary and alternative methods are herbal remedies and the majority of studies are about neurological and psychological diseases. Altogether, 91.6 percent of the published literature implies the effectiveness of using Complementary and Alternative Medicine and 44.8 percent of this literature implies the need for more studies to specify the mechanism of these remedies. With an ever-increasing number of consumers reportedly using non-conventional methods of disease management, medical students have now been recognized as key providers in education on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The evidence base for CAM is growing but in most areas, it is insufficient for making sound risk/benefit assessments. It is to suggest that further researches are needed to fill all these obvious gaps and necessary financial sources be prepared to accomplish the task.