مرضیه رشیدی پور

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism found in all animals. It plays a crucial role in converting pyruvate to lactate and vice versa. LDH is present in a wide range of tissues and cells in the animal body. In recent decades, nanoparticles have been utilized due to their unique properties for designing optical and electronic sensors. This research presents a novel colorimetric method silver nanoparticles synthesized using chrysanthemum aqueous extract are employed for direct detection of lactate dehydrogenase activity. Initially, chrysanthemums were collected from greenhouses in Mahallat County under the supervision of experts. After separation and powder preparation of the flower part of the plant, chrysanthemum aqueous extract was prepared. Subsequently, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract and addition of silver nitrate solution was investigated by optimizing appropriate conditions. In the next step, two vials were prepared, each containing a reaction mixture comprising Tris-HCl, MgCl2, and NADH. Additionally, one vial contained LDH. Silver nanoparticles and sodium borohydride were then added to the vials. The enzyme can convert NAD+ to NADH. The detection mechanism of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme is based on the aggregation of silver nanoparticles, which leads to an increase in their size and consequently a color change. Thus, the presence or absence of the enzyme can be easily distinguished with the naked eye in a single step. In the presence of the enzyme, the color of the solution used in the study was yellow, while in the absence of the enzyme, the color was grayish. Consequently, lactate dehydrogenase enzyme can be identified with high sensitivity.‎

Chlorpyrifos is a type of organophosphorus poison that, despite its widespread use, can lead to tissue damage, including spleen tissue. Khuzestani savory plant has antioxidant properties and is effective in reducing damage caused by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Khuzestani savory plant essential oil on chlorpyrifos-induced spleen toxicity in male Wistar rats.

In this experimental research, 28 adult male rats weighing between 180-220 grams were selected and divided into 4 groups of 7. Were examined. Statistical comparison between the control group, Khuzestani essential oil 25 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos poison 0.01 mg/kg and Khuzestani essential oil 25 mg/kg + chlorpyrifos poison 0.01 mg/kg using SPSS 22 software and square test Chi was performed with Monte Carlo simulation under a significance level of 0.05.

Chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant difference between different groups in terms of the distribution of spleen tissue damage types (P=0.005); So, in the chlorpyrifos poison group, tissue damage such as macrophage and pigment accumulation and spleen white pulp analysis was observed, while no tissue damage was observed in the other groups.

Our study showed that the Khuzestan savory plant is effective in preventing tissue damage due to its antioxidant compounds such as carvacrol. Also, considering the negative effects of chlorpyrifos in the doses recommended by the World Health Organization, further investigations are necessary.

One of the major problems presented to health care systems is the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Today, natural substances, such as essential oils with antimicrobial properties, are increasingly used as an alternative to antibiotics. The present study aimed to assess the effect of chitosan nanogels containing essential oil of peppermint (Mentha Piperita) on clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro.

In this cross-sectional study, Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from selected hospitals in Khorramabad. After preparing nanogels containing peppermint essential oil (Mentha Piperita), the minimum inhibitory concentration of chitosan nanogels on Acinetobacter baumannii isolates was determined by micro broth dilution method in a 96-well plate according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute instructions.

  The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of nanoparticles without essential oil of peppermint, containing peppermint, and gentamicin were 47±496, 48±301, and 25±25, respectively. This is indicative of the high sensitivity of the assessed strains to gentamicin, in comparison with the other two groups (P≤0.001) and the more effective performance of Menthapiperita in the inhibition of the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, as compared to nanoparticles without peppermint essential oil (P≤0.001).

The obtained results of the present study pointed to the effective ability of chitosan nanogels containing peppermint essential oil to inhibit the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, in comparison with non-essential nanoparticles (Mentha Piperita).

The aim of this study was to investigate of the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Mentha longifolia collected from different regions of Lorestan province (Khorramabad, Aleshtar, Delfan) and to determine the antibacterial activities against three certain bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli). The chemical profiling of the essential oil was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. GC-MS analysis revealed that essential oil of M. longifolia from Khorramabad region was constituted by pulegone (54.41%) and 1, 8-cineole (22.05%) as a major component. M. longifolia from Aleshtarwas rich in piperitenone (29.29%), pulegone (17.53%), piperitenone oxide (14.35%), 1, 8-cineole (14.34%) and the main component of M. longifolia from Delfanwas citronelyll acetate (59.93%), aromadrene (5.1%), respectively. A significant correlation between geographical and soil characteristics, except phosphorus and electrical conductivity, with the essential oils components was detected. The results obtained using MIC and MBC showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oil of M. longifolia from studied regionwas in the range of 0.03-2 mg/mL. The most effective essential oil in bacterial inhibition for E. coli and S. aureus bacteria was the essential oil from Aleshtar and Delfan, respectively. Two bacteria P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were least susceptible to M. longifolia essential oil from Khorramabad region. The essential oil of M. longifolia from different regions of Lorestan provinc exhibited low to high inhibitory activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria,.which depended to the region of collected plants and studied bacterial strains. In this research, three components citronellyl acetat, citronellal and aromandrene was detected in M. longifolia essential oil for the first time

Cancer is a complex disease with genetic alterations. One of the many ways to improve and prevent this patient is chemotherapy that due to the emergence of drug resistance, side effects of synthetic drugs and high medical potential of plants, the aim of this study was to investigate anticancer activity of the methanolic extract of Allium Jesdianum and Nectaroscordeum Coelzi (Liliaceae family) against human cancer HeLa and K562 cell lines.
In an experimental study, after acquiring methanolic Allium Jesdianum and Nectaroscordeum Coelzi extracts, their effects on HeLa and K562 cell lines were investigated and compared with cyclophosphamide standard drug at 24, 48, 72 hour after incubation and different concentrations of extracts ranging from 31.25 to 250 µg/ml using MTT assay.
In vitro biological results indicated that inhibition of the titled cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Also, based on the data obtained, most toxicity is 48 hour after increase of plant extracts. Nectaroscordeum Coelzi extract treated HeLa cell line exhibited higher toxic effects than Allium Jesdianum extract, whereas Allium Jesdianum extract exhibit stronger cytotoxicity than Nectaroscordeum Coelzi extract at the tested concentrations on K562 cell lines. Additionally, the screening data reveal that the selected extracts were more potent in comparison with cyclophosphamide against the studied cell lines.
This study demonstrates effectiveness of methanolic Allium Jesdianum and Nectaroscordeum Coelzi extracts in cervical and leukemia cancer for the first time. Furthermore, the tested extracts can be used to investigate in vivo studies.

A green approach by using aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis was developed and optimized. Parameters affecting the synthesis of AgNPs, such as temperature, extract pH, silver nitrate and extract (ratio of plant mass to extraction solvent volume) concentrations were investigated and optimized. Optimum conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are as follows: Ag concentration, 1 mM, extract concentration, 2 g/L, pH=9 and temperature, 45 °C. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV Visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM and DLS analyses shown the synthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical in shape with sizes in the range of 20-40 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AgNPs were determined for several pathogens include Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs was compared with several antibiotic drugs as control. This eco friendly and cost-effective synthesis method can be potentially use for large-scale production of silver nanoparticles.

Cisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer drug, which its application is limited by nephrotoxicity. In this study, the effect of pretreatment with different l-arginine doses on Cisplatin-induced renal functional injury was investigated.
63 male rats were divided into 7 groups: In groups 3, 4, 5 and 6, 60 min before the Cisplatin injection (5mg/kg); L-Arginine with doses of 50,100,200 or 400mg/kg was injected, respectively. In group7, normal saline was injected before Cisplatin administration. In groups 1 and 2, normal saline was injected instead of Cisplatin. In group 2, 60min before normal saline injection, 400mg/kg L-Arginine was administered and in group1, instead of L-arginine, normal saline was injected too. Injections were intraperitoneal. 72h after Cisplatin injection, blood sampling and plasma separation were done. Urine sample was collected 24 hours before blood sampling by metabolic cage. The mean of plasma urea and creatinine levels and creatinine clearance (ml/day.kg) and fractional excretion of Na (FENa, %) were compared among different groups as renal functional parameters.
In comparison to group 7, L-arginine injection in a dose of 400mg/kg led to significant amelioration of all parameters. 200 mg/kg L-arginine administration led to significant decrease in plasma urea level and FENa. 100mg/kg L-arginine caused significant improvement in fractional excretion of sodium. L-arginine injection with 50mg/kg dose, significantly ameliorate all renal function tests instead of creatinine clearance.
Pretreatment with L-arginine administration with 400 or 50 mg/kg doses, respectively, had the highest effect on reducing Cisplatin-induced nephropathy. L-arginine injection with intermediate doses i.e. 200 or 100 mg/kg had less effect in reducing Cisplatin-induced nephropathy and it needs more investigations.

Background and Phenol is an aromatic hydrocarbon and one of the banzan derivatives which have a higher dissolution rate in water and common methods cannot completely remove it. The main objective of this research was to study removal of phenol using UV/ZnO.
This study was conducted in a batch system. the experiments was conducted in a reactor with a capacity of 1 liter using zinc oxide nanoparticles that fixed on glass with the thermal fixing method and UVc radiation were used. The effects of initial concentration of phenol, solution pH, and contact time on the photocatalytic removal of phenol were studied. [MP2D1]
The results showed that the best conditions for the removal of phenol were achieved at pH 3, 5 mg/L initial phenol concentration, 3950 μw/cm2 radiation intensity and 120 min contact time (100% removal efficiency). The pH, initial phenol concentration, and contact time have an effect on phenol removal efficiency; the phenol removal efficiency increases with the decrease of initial phenol concentration and pH.
Results of the present study showed that the photocatalytic degradation process (UV/ZnO) is an effective method in removal of phenol from aqueous solutions.

Taraxacum Syriacum Boiss from Taraxacum Officinalis species is used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of jaundice، liver disorders and gallstones. This study was designed to investigate the ethanolic extract effect of the root of Taraxacum Syriacum (TSBE) on Acetaminophen-induced nephro-toxicity. The root of Taraxacum Syriacum Boiss were analysed using SPME-GC/MS (Solid Phase Microextraction). In this experimental study، 30 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6). The rats were treated firstly with different doses of TSBE (50،100 and 200 mg/kg، p. o.) daily for 7 days then they intraperitoneally were injected with 700 mg/kg Acetaminophen. Water was administered to the control group for seven days. Toxic (Acetaminophen) group received water for seven days and on day 7، 700 mg/kg Acetaminophen was intraperitoneally injected. Twenty-four hours after the Acetaminophen administration، animals were anaesthetized and blood was collected from the heart for assaying serum creatinine. Kidneys were removed، then cut off and placed in 10% formalin for histopathology assessment. 21 chemical components of Taraxacum Syriacum Boiss root including 1،1-dimethyldiborane، 1-propene 3-ethoxy، 3،5-octadien-2-one، nonanal، decanal، nonanoic acid and carvacrol were identified and extracted. Creatinine reduced significantly in the experiment group (TSBE 200 mg/kg) in comporison with the toxic group. Also، in histopathology assessment، kidney necrosis reduced in experimental groups (TSBE 100، 200 mg/kg). TSBE seems to have a protective role in Acetaminophen induced nephro-toxicity and the role of phenolic compounds such as carvacrol is important.

In recent years، it has been recommended to use natural materials، instead of chemically synthesized drugs with side effects، in the control and treatment of infections. Increasing use of medicinal plants for medical treatment made for this branch of complementary medicine a unique position. The present research was done to study anti-microbial effect of Medicago sativa exctract in comparison with Ciprofloxacin، Gentamicin and Penicillin antibiotics on clinical strains and phatogenic bacteria such as P. aeruginosa، E. coli، Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Experiments were conducted using micro broth dilution and disc diffusion methods، and MIC and MBC of the plant have been evaluatead. MIC Medicago sativa extract was effective on gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes on the 206. 25 and 6600 µg/ml and on the gram-negative bacteria tested in this study had no effect. Based on the research findings، mentioned herbal extract can be a good candidates for laboratory studies to separate active compounds in this plant to achieve effective antimicrobial drugs.

Echinophora cinerea is a plant of the Apiaceae family, which reaches to a height of 30 to 100 cm. The essential oil of Echinophora cinerea contains alkaloids and flavonoids etc. Phenolic composition is one of the best sources of natural antioxidants. The goal of this study is to examine the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of E. cinerea. In order preparation and identification of chemical compounds of essential oils, hydrodistillation approach and gas chromatography coupling with a mass spectrometer (GC, GC-MS) were used. Antioxidant capacity of the essential oil was determined by DPPH assay and, compared with standard antioxidants (BHT). Antibacterial test had done by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these oils after 24 and 48 h were determined and compared to antibiotic standards against food-borne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and MRSA. Results of GC and GC-MS showed that the major components of essential oil of E. cinerea were α-phellandrene (32.09%), limonene (16.28%), p-cymene (10.75%), α-pinene (9.79%), carvacrol (3.79%) and β-myrcene (2.65%). Results of antioxidant test indicated that IC50 for oil of Echinophora cinerea was 740 μg/ml while for BHT was 50.6 μg/ml. The highest antibacterial effects of essential oil were observed on standard bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus with MIC= 0.16 μg/ml and MBC= 0.63 μg/ml. This effect on MRSA-resistant Staphylococcus and E. coli was weaker. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to essential oil. According to results of present study, the essential oil E. cinerea can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health industry and flavoring.

Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The use of some antioxidant compounds in dietary food stuff such as vitamin E and Oak fruit (Quercus) husks hydroalcoholic extract (OHE) may inhibit the production of oxidized LDL and decrease both the development and the progression of atherosclerosis. The present work investigated the effects of OHE on LDL oxidation induced-CuSO4 quantitatively in vitro. This study was an experimental research performed in Khoramabad province during 2010. Fasting blood samples were collected from normal people followed by LDL isolation. The population study was divided into five groups (1: control; 2: those exposed to CuSO4 without treatment, and groups 3-5: those exposed to CuSO4 and treated with OHE (0.2, 2, and 20 µg/ml, respectively). Later, the formation of conjugated dienes, lag time, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Inhibition of Cu-induced oxidation was investigated in the presence of several concentrations of OHE (0.2, 2 and 20 µg/ml). Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 13 using Mann Whitney test. OHE was found to have the ability to inhibit the CuSO4-induced LDL oxidation. Administration of oak (Quercus) husks hydroalcoholic extract (OHE) showed an increased rate of 2.2, 3, and 4.3 fold s at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 20µg/ml against oxidation in vitro. Also conjugated dienes decreased 13.33%, 46.66% and 80.00% at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 20 µg/ml of OHE, respectively. The inhibitory effects of OHE on LDL oxidation at concentrations used were dose-dependent. This study showed that the OHE has the potential to prevent the oxidation of LDL in vitro and it may suggest that this compound is capable of producing a similar effect in vivo.

There are many problems in treatment of different kinds of tumors. Many studies were carried out for finding suitable antitumor materials in different countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antitumor effects of olive and green tea extracts on human breast tumor cell line (BT474). Water and ethanol extracts of green tea and olive were prepared. BT474 cells were treated with determinded concentration of extracts at different incubation times and cell lysis was measured using the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme assay. Experiments were repeated 3 times and the results expressed as means ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis were performed by t-test and p ≤ 0.05 considered as significant. Increasing the concentration of green tea in 8 and 24 h exposures decreased cell lysis or killing percentage of treated cells. Olive extract in 1mg/dL concentration showed highest percent (85%) of cell lysis. Cell lysis effect of olive extract treatments was dose-dependent and increased in higher concentrations. There were no significant difference in killing effect of olive extract between 8 and 24 h incubation time (consequently 83% and 85%). But at the same incubation periods the difference between percent of cell lysis in the presence of green tea extracts (0.01 and 0.1 mg/dL) was significant. (p =0.000). Our results indicated that crude olive and green tea extractions have exerted lytic effects on BT 474 lines. Olive extract have higher cytotoxicity than green tea. Cytotoxicity of olive extract was dose-dependent.

Melasma is a common acquired cutaneous hyperpigmentation involving sunexposed areas of face predominantly in women: several treatment modalities including topical depigmenting agents are being used in management of this condition with varying results. Hydroquinon is the gold standard in treatment of melasma. Liquorice extract contains natural ingredients such as glabridin and Liquiritin which collectively have multiple effects on skin including skin lightening effect. This study was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of 4% Hydroquinon and 4% Licorice extract creams in the treatment of melasma.

This clinical trial study was carried out on 38 women who had melasma with bilateral symmetrical hyperpigmentation of malar areas. The hydroquinone and licorice extract creams were applied to the opposite sides of the face once a day at night for 8 weeks. Mmasi scores were separately measured for each side of the face at the base line and every 2 weeks thereafter. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software and Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

27 of the patients used the drugs regularly until the end of the study.The mmasi score decreased from 10.59±6.10 to 2.59±2.17 in the treatment (licorice) group and from 0.81±6.34 to 1.63±1.55 in the control (hydroquinone) group after 8 wks. The data showed that a significant decrease in mmasi occurred on the side treated with liquorice after the 8 weeks (P<0.001), while the decrease in mmasi was significantly higher on the side treated with hydroquinone(P=0.002).

Although a significant decrease in mmasi from the baseline occurred on the side treated with 4% liqurice extract cream at the end of the study (P<0.001), 4% hydroquinone cream was significantly more effective in this respect than 4% licorice cream (P=0.002).

Atherosclerosis is the excess of fat and stiffness of arteries sidewalls in which specific areas of the circulatory system are involved, causing specific signs based on the involved area, the characteristics of the lesion, and the severity of involvement. The only factor necessary to cause atherosclerosis is the high level of LDL cholesterol. Today, drugs such as lovastatin, clofibrate, and Klystramyn are applied to reduce LDL and increase HDL levels. The effect of fenugreek seeds without any drugs or with clofibrat on blood lipids profile and fatty streak forming were evaluated in 25 male healthy rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 5 group of 5 and received the following diets and drugs for 45 days: Group Ι, normal diet without any drugs Group Π, high cholesterol diet without any drugs Group ΙΙΙ, high cholesterol diet in addition to germinated fenugreek seeds powder (600 mg bid) Group ΙV, high cholesterol diet in addition to clofibrat (50 mg bid) and GroupV, high cholesterol diet in addition to clofibrat (50 mg bid) and germinated fenugreek seeds powder (600 mg bid). The blood samples were collected after overnight fasting at the beginning and at the end of the test period and were estimated for lipids profile. Also autopsy and aortic cross-sectional sampling was conducted for microscopic study after the experiment. The serum total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels of groups ΙΙΙ, ΙV,V increased less than those in group Π but HDL levels in groups ΙΙΙ, ΙV and V increased more than that in group Π (P<0.001). Furthermore, the intensity of fatty streak was less in group V. This result indicates the usefulness of fenugreek seeds in the management of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis (P<0.05)

Zona is caused by the reactivity of varicella zoster virus. The most prevalent effect of zona is Post Herpetic Neuralgia(PHN). PHN is a pain that can remain stably more than thirty days after skin losses. Despite the fact that there are different cures for PHN, none of them is certain. Some medications like capsaicin have herbal sources. Satureja khuzestanica is a plant which is indigenous to Lorestan and Khuzestan provinces and has proven effects on pain alleviation. This study investigated the effects of Satureja Khuzestanica essential oil on PHN. The study was carried out by clinical trails on fifty patients suffering from PHN. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received a solution containing the essential oil of Satureja khuzestanica with a five-percent density while the control group received the placebo. The pain intensities, before and after taking the medications, were recorded on a numerical scale. The results were analyzed using repeated- measures test, t-test, matched pairs t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. The average pain intensities in the experimental group befor and after taking the essential oil were 8.12±1.48 and 5.72±2.9 respectively. On the other hand, the average pain intensities in the control group before and after taking the placebo were 7.8±1.57 and 8.04±1.46 respectively. In addition, the men´s reaction to the medication was meaningfully more noticeable than the women´s. Sixty percent of the patients experienced the alleviating effects of the drug. The side effects of the drug were observed in nine patients in the form of erythema and burning that vanished in an hour. There were no statistically significant differences regarding sex and age variables of the two groups. The essential oil of Satureja khuzestanicais effective on alleviating PHN. It is more efficient than other medications regarding the effect starting time, the stability of effect, the acceptance, and the side effects.

Trichomoniasis is considered a common inter-sexual disease caused by trichomonas vaginalis parasite all over the world. Thus, considering the increasing reports of its spread as well as its resistance to metronidazole, it seemed necessary to find a possible herbal drug for the case. Accordingly, An In vitro investigation was carried out to determine the anti trichomonas vaginalis activity of essential oil of Lavandula angyustifolia which is commonly used in traditional medicine. Parasite collection was accomplished by obtaining contaminated soap of vagina from trichomonal women as well as cultivating the Trichomonas Modified CPLM Medium Base(TMCPLM). Identification was done through direct smear. Essential oil was prepared by hydro-distillation; then, the parasites were added to the 10 test-tubes containing TMCPLM, metronidazole, dimetyl solfoxide(DMSO), and essential oil with concentration of (0.1,0.01,0.001) to determine the effects of these concentrations in 15 min. interval times for 6 hours. Findings suggested that Trichomonas vaginalis could remain alive in Trichomona Modified CPLM Medium Base for 48 hours, in presence of metronidazole for 2 hours and TMCPLM for 5 hours. Also, the results indicated that essential oils at concentration of 0.1 and 0.01 were effective at the beginning of inoculation as well as at the concentration of 0.001 hours respectively. The investing authors suggest, further investigations to be carried out to check a more exact effect of anti- trichomonas vaginalis activity of Lavandula angyustifolia essential oil under In vivo condition to recommend it as a therapeutic medicine, if positive results proved.