نشریه یافته
سال یازدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 38، زمستان 1388)

Atherosclerosis is the excess of fat and stiffness of arteries sidewalls in which specific areas of the circulatory system are involved, causing specific signs based on the involved area, the characteristics of the lesion, and the severity of involvement. The only factor necessary to cause atherosclerosis is the high level of LDL cholesterol. Today, drugs such as lovastatin, clofibrate, and Klystramyn are applied to reduce LDL and increase HDL levels. The effect of fenugreek seeds without any drugs or with clofibrat on blood lipids profile and fatty streak forming were evaluated in 25 male healthy rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 5 group of 5 and received the following diets and drugs for 45 days: Group Ι, normal diet without any drugs Group Π, high cholesterol diet without any drugs Group ΙΙΙ, high cholesterol diet in addition to germinated fenugreek seeds powder (600 mg bid) Group ΙV, high cholesterol diet in addition to clofibrat (50 mg bid) and GroupV, high cholesterol diet in addition to clofibrat (50 mg bid) and germinated fenugreek seeds powder (600 mg bid). The blood samples were collected after overnight fasting at the beginning and at the end of the test period and were estimated for lipids profile. Also autopsy and aortic cross-sectional sampling was conducted for microscopic study after the experiment. The serum total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels of groups ΙΙΙ, ΙV,V increased less than those in group Π but HDL levels in groups ΙΙΙ, ΙV and V increased more than that in group Π (P<0.001). Furthermore, the intensity of fatty streak was less in group V. This result indicates the usefulness of fenugreek seeds in the management of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis (P<0.05)

Melasma is a common acquired cutaneous hyperpigmentation involving sunexposed areas of face predominantly in women: several treatment modalities including topical depigmenting agents are being used in management of this condition with varying results. Hydroquinon is the gold standard in treatment of melasma. Liquorice extract contains natural ingredients such as glabridin and Liquiritin which collectively have multiple effects on skin including skin lightening effect. This study was conducted to compare the clinical efficacy of 4% Hydroquinon and 4% Licorice extract creams in the treatment of melasma.

This clinical trial study was carried out on 38 women who had melasma with bilateral symmetrical hyperpigmentation of malar areas. The hydroquinone and licorice extract creams were applied to the opposite sides of the face once a day at night for 8 weeks. Mmasi scores were separately measured for each side of the face at the base line and every 2 weeks thereafter. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software and Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

27 of the patients used the drugs regularly until the end of the study.The mmasi score decreased from 10.59±6.10 to 2.59±2.17 in the treatment (licorice) group and from 0.81±6.34 to 1.63±1.55 in the control (hydroquinone) group after 8 wks. The data showed that a significant decrease in mmasi occurred on the side treated with liquorice after the 8 weeks (P<0.001), while the decrease in mmasi was significantly higher on the side treated with hydroquinone(P=0.002).

Although a significant decrease in mmasi from the baseline occurred on the side treated with 4% liqurice extract cream at the end of the study (P<0.001), 4% hydroquinone cream was significantly more effective in this respect than 4% licorice cream (P=0.002).

Zona is caused by the reactivity of varicella zoster virus. The most prevalent effect of zona is Post Herpetic Neuralgia(PHN). PHN is a pain that can remain stably more than thirty days after skin losses. Despite the fact that there are different cures for PHN, none of them is certain. Some medications like capsaicin have herbal sources. Satureja khuzestanica is a plant which is indigenous to Lorestan and Khuzestan provinces and has proven effects on pain alleviation. This study investigated the effects of Satureja Khuzestanica essential oil on PHN. The study was carried out by clinical trails on fifty patients suffering from PHN. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group received a solution containing the essential oil of Satureja khuzestanica with a five-percent density while the control group received the placebo. The pain intensities, before and after taking the medications, were recorded on a numerical scale. The results were analyzed using repeated- measures test, t-test, matched pairs t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. The average pain intensities in the experimental group befor and after taking the essential oil were 8.12±1.48 and 5.72±2.9 respectively. On the other hand, the average pain intensities in the control group before and after taking the placebo were 7.8±1.57 and 8.04±1.46 respectively. In addition, the men´s reaction to the medication was meaningfully more noticeable than the women´s. Sixty percent of the patients experienced the alleviating effects of the drug. The side effects of the drug were observed in nine patients in the form of erythema and burning that vanished in an hour. There were no statistically significant differences regarding sex and age variables of the two groups. The essential oil of Satureja khuzestanicais effective on alleviating PHN. It is more efficient than other medications regarding the effect starting time, the stability of effect, the acceptance, and the side effects.

Cisplatin is a major anti-neoplastic agent which nephrotoxicity is its main side effect and limits its usage in cancer chemotherapy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly responsible for cisplatin induced nephropathy, so we determined the effects of oral administration of ethanolic olive leaf extract (OLE) as a plant antioxidant on nephrotoxicity of this drug. 21 adult male wistar rats were divided to 3 groups: “OLE75+CP” group [14 days of oral administration of OLE (75mg/kg) before i.p. injection of 5mg/kg cisplatin], “Water+CP” group [14 days of oral administration of water before i.p. injection of cisplatin] and “Water+Saline” [As previous group with administration of saline instead of cisplatin]. Plasma samples were collected 72h after cisplatin injection and Urine samples were collected for 24h before blood sampling. Plasma creatinine (PCr) and urea, fractional excretion of Na and K, creatinine clearance and relative kidney weights were determined in various groups as kidney function tests. Cisplatin led to significant deterioration of all of this kidney function tests. Oral aministration of OLE significantly reduced PCr and fractional excretion of K. Plasma urea level was lower in “OLE75+CP” than Water+CP” group with a marginally significant level (p=0.08). Other kidney function tests were not significantly different between these 2 groups. Low dose oral administration of an olive leaf extract preparation (especially enriched in oleuropein) for 14 days could partially reduce cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The effects of higher doses of the extract remains to be investigated.

Herbal medicine, a complementary and alternative medical system has been used to treat various diseases over thousands of years in many countries and the use of herbal medicine is growing in all of the world. Exploring the most frequently used herbs and herbal products in alternative and complementary medicine worldwide is a challenging issue because herbal medicine has been increased popularity among physicians and patients. The aim of this study was to systematically review literature reporting on the use of the herbal medicine to determine the genus of the most frequently used herbs in alternative medicine and the diseases under treatment. Systematic searches were carried out in the databases Medline, Pubmed, Sciencedirect and Springer. Each databases was searched from Jan 2000 until Jan 2008 with the keywords of herbal medicine, herb medicine, phytotherapy and extract medicine. Systematic reviews and meta – analysis were included and no language restrictions were imposed, to find the genus of commonly used herbs and studied diseases. The findings were evaluated according to frequency of usage. In this paper we have reported 8 plants which are the most common ones and have been in vogue from ancient time in the world. These most frequently used plants are Ginseng, Salvia, Ginkgo biloba, Hypericum, Garlic, Ginger, Aloe vera and Marijuana. According to findings neurologic, inflammatory – immunogenic, digestive and urinary – kidney diseases are the most interested fields in herbal medicine. Although most of the reviewed articles (89.2%) showed a positive effect but side effects of herbal medicine are reported in the others and also need to furthermore works was mentioned as a necessity in 49.7% of them. According to the present findings, herbal medicine has historically been efficacious in the treatment and management of many health problems. The ultimate purpose of the herbal medicine is to develop an effective and safe system of medicine for human and also other beneficial organisms. The fact that 11.5% of all of the reviewed articles focused on the medical effects of only 8 plant species, shows a necessity to study the other plants too. Although the success of their use is encouraging but a great deal of research is required and as a result herbal medicine should be used with caution by patients and physicians.

The results of activities related to medicinal plant industry lead to maintenance and progress (improvement) of society health. Attention to situation of medicinal plants in groceries, diagnosis different species, Value of consumption and supplier regions as most important factors in medicinal plants forum can be used for programming and politics in medicinal industry in our country. So via proper scientific programming we can achieve to better culture of medicinal plants consumption and we can improve health parameters in lorestan province. The research was accomplished with Cross-Sectional study and questionary technique was used for data collection. The questionnaire consist of 3 parts were included questions related to socioeconomic trait, number of medicinal plant and medicinal properties. All of the groceries in the lorestan province were studied as statistical society. Sampling method was availability sample and samples size was 69 groceries. Results showed that the numbers of medicinal plants in groceries were about 336 species, mean of sold weight Was 128.48 kg. 94.5% and 5.5% of medicinal plants were supplied from out of Lorestan and Lorestan province respectively. Existence of special plains and mountains plentiful running water, high storage of under round water and different Climate in the lorestan province cause a considerable diversity in this province. Whereas the results of this study showed that the most important suppliers of medicinal plants were located out of this province therefore programming in the case of these valuable sources of medicinal plants will be because higher preoccupation and existence of these crops in the groceries of lorestan province, even can export these to other countries.

There is a few reported about the volatile oil component of petal, herbal and component of seed oil of borage. This research worked carried out for analysis and identification the volatile oil in herbals, petals, and seed oil compositions of Borago officinalis L. in Lorestan province. Extraction of essential oil from petals carried out using steam distillation by Clevenger apparatus. The new SPME-GC/MS method is used for extraction and identification of volatile oil compounds in the herbal of borage. The oil of the seeds was extracted using a Cold-press method. The identification of chemical composition of extracted oil was carried out by GC/MS apparatus. In petals of Borage only Carvacerol component, and in the herbal of Borage three components Carvacrol, Bisabolone oxide and 2-Phenylethyl benzoate, extracted and identified respectively. In the seed oil of borage 16 different components were separated and identified. The following components had the highest amount in seed oil: Hexadecane, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, Beta-d-glycoside, 3, 6-glucurono-methyl, Benzaldehde, 4-methyl 3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran, Hexadecanoic acid, Heptanoic acid, Gamma butyrolactone and Ethyl octadec-9-enoate are the major components respectively. These components contain 63.4% of all components in borage seed oil and the 7 residual components only 9.5% all of the components in borage seed oil. Also one unknown (27.1%) component identified. Using result obtained from this research the volatile oil a few amounts of the borage chemical composition. The results show that the seed oil of this species can be used for medicinal preparation. Cold Press method was found to be rapid and simple for identification of seeds oil components.

Mushrooms grow in a very wide range of ecological conditions, however their growth vary in different conditions. Mushrooms are a valuable source for antibiotics and they are known as drugs in traditional medicine. Identification and characterization of mushrooms is the first step of their exploitations in drug industry. There are many poisonous species of mushrooms, so their identification is essential for better health of societies and also a good indication for physicians in identification of mushroom poisonings and their cure. In this research the samples of mushroom were collected in Khorramabad district during spring and fall of 2008 and 2009. The macroscopic and microscopic characters of collected mushrooms were observed in field and laboratory and these criteria aligned to the species characters in scientific resources. eight mushroom species namely Collybia maculate coprinus atramentarius three species of Boletus (B. luridus, B. felleus and B. satanas) two species of Lactarius (L. piperatus and L. vellereus) and Hypholoma capnoides were identified. Based on the results of biodiversity of mushrooms in khorramabad district found in the present research, it is concluded that there are valuable resources of mushrooms for medicinal purposes in this area.

Collection and determination of medicinal plants in Lorestan province have been carried out for 6 years in the agriculture and natural resources research of center of Lorestan. The aims of this study were collection and identification the medicinal plans that grow in Loretta province, their distribution, habitat, traditional uses, utilized organ, manner of usage, botany specification, local name, Persian name and scientific name. Medicinal plants were collected from different regions by using field and library study for these goals we prepared a list of recorded medicinal plants from Lorestan, identified the local herbal experts. Finally we collected 151 medicinal plant identified that related to 63 families and 90 genuses. The Lamiaceae, Compositae, Legominosae, Liliaceae, Umbelliferae and. Rosaceae are the greatest family in the Lorestan province. Diction: According to the literature 96 medicinal plans were recorded from Lorestan, but during this study we collected and identified 151 medicinal plants in Lorestan province. Comparing with those that recorded from Bushehr 70 sp.(9), Hormozgan 113 sp.(10), Markazi 144 sp. And Kordestan 144 sp(11). We have more diversity but comparing with Zanjan 163 sp.(13), Hamedan 315 sp.(14) And Qazvin 250 sp.(15) We have less diversity in medicinal plants.

The Common Fig is one of the first plants which cultivated by humans. This plant is an important crop for dry and fresh consumption all over the world. In order to inspection of nutritional quality of various fig cultivars in different regions of Lorestan province an experiment was conducted in Medicine University of Lorestan in 2009. In this experiment, amounts of some minerals (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc), protein, fat, sugar, energy, brix (total soluble solids), acidity, pH, vitamin c, brix to acidity ratio and hardness were evaluated in three common fig cultivars (Siah, Rashe and Sefid) of Lorestan province in Gushe, Kelat-e-Zivdar, Mamulan and Zurantel-e-Zivdar regions. Results showed that: Siah cultivar had the highest calcium concentration among fig cultivars. On the other hand, lowest iron concentration observed in Kelat-e-Zivdar as compared to other regions. Higher amount of fat was assayed in Siah and Rashe cultivars than Sefid cultivar. The highest amount of energy and sugar were assayed in Mamulan and Zurantel-e-Zivdar regions. Acidity in Siah and Rashe cultivars was lowest in Gushe region. Gushe region had the lowest and Siah and Rashe cultivars had the greatest brix index. The highest vitamin C was assayed in the figs grown in Gushe region. The highest and lowest brix to acidity ratios were observed in Gushe region in Siah cultivar and in Kelat-e-Zivdar in Sefid cultivar, respectively. There were not any significant differences between cultivars and regions in the case of phosphorus, potassium and zinc concentrations and protein amount. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that: the Siah cultivar and Mamulan region relatively had the highest nutritional and qualitative values in Lorestan province.

Oil seeds have saturated and nonsaturated essential fatty acids that affect on the spermatogenesis process of testis. In the present study, Twenty-one of male rats newly were taken from breast feeding each group (Control, Maize oil, Peanut oil) consists of seven rats were studied. The rats were fed by maize oil and peanut oil for 10 percent (w/w) of the diet and after three months and achieving to the maturation stage with macroscopic observations, the examination of blood hormones, tissue sections of testicles, and weight and volume measurement of the testis in each group were carried out. Our data of the present study showed that there was a significant decrease in the amount of testosterone and FSH in the treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.001) while this difference about LH and volume of the testis was P<0.001 for maize oil and P<0.05 for peanut oil. However no significant decrease was observed in weight of the testicles in the treatment groups compared to the control groups. Taken together, the present study shows that consumption of maize oil and peanut oil can be an introduction for the synthesis of prostaglandins, due to the contain of essential fatty acids specially archidonic acid. It is known that, archidonic acid can result on the replication and proliferation of the spermatogony layer of the semenifer tubes (Spermatogenesis process) and it is enabling to affect on the basal metabolism via increase of the insulin activity in the testis. By contrast, in the tube is occurred the inhibition of spermatocyte to spermatosoide conversion.