فهرست مطالب مریم شیرزاد

Iran is located in one of the most sensitive parts of the world; a place where besides wars and terrorist attacks, embodies many natural disasters every year and brings a lot of human and financial damages. So, because of the accumulation of material and spiritual capital of the country, focusing on cities is very important. Cities of Khouzestan Province, in addition to a lot of damage during the eight years Iraq war against Iran, nowadays are also exposed to different types of natural and manmade disasters. Dezful has a strategic situation in the province and according to the records during the holy defrence war, it had repeatedly been attacked by enemy missiles. Hospitals are one of the most important infrastructures of cities that, in addition to providing services at normal times, should also perform well during the crisis. Obviously, the hospital that has properly implemented the principles of passive defense can play such a role. Accordingly, Dr. Gonjavian Hospital in Dezful has been selected as an active and important hospital in Dezful whose design and location have been investigated. According to criteria extracted for the analysis, the hospital in terms of location is consistent with the principles of passive defense. But in terms of architecture and building design, defense principles have been partially implemented at the building and other principles and different designs can be performed in hospitals’ vision without making major changes to the building.

Vocabulary plays the main role in the foreign language learning and without vocabulary knowledge is not established any communication. The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of input tasks, input plus output tasks, and output plus input task on vocabulary learning of advanced medical students.
The participants of this pre-experimental study were 45 advanced students majoring different fields of medicine, selected after taking a TOEFL proficiency test. To collect the relevant data the students were randomly divided into three groups. After taking VKS test for choosing the vocabulary which the students don’t know, a pretest was administered. In the following three weeks the students received different types of treatment based on their group to learn the meaning of the intended vocabulary. A post-test was administered two days after the treatments were completed.
The analysis of the results showed that all three methods of treatment had an effect on the learning of students. However, one way ANOVA showed that the two groups receiving both input and output tasks with different sequences had a more significant improvement in their vocabulary learning.
The results showed that the two mixed methods proved to be the most effectiveness to improve the learning of EAP vocabulary learning in students. The result of this study is useful for material developers and EFL teachers, especially those teaching English for academic purposes.

Prevention, recognize and treatment of cancer is one target and concern in medical science. Novel drug delivery systems have been provided In order to improve the treatment of cancer. In these systems, specified amount of the drug with an appropriate carrier is forwarded inside the cell. Nanotubes can be used as a carrier for drug delivery due to the large empty space inside nanotubes for encapsulation the drug. With regard to the importance of drug delivery in cancer therapy, In this paper two types of Armchair(10 ,10) and Zigzag (18 ,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes and the method of encapsulation the Gemcitabine anti-cancer drug were checked out. The drug is stable energetically in both nanotubes due to the energy absorption of the drug in nanotubes. According to achieved Center of mass (COM) and Root-mean-square displacement (RMSD) diagrams, Zigzag carbon nanotube can be a suitable carrier to encapsulate the Gemcitabine anti-cancer drug.

Biologists have increasingly used zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in regard with biological applications. The present study aimed to assess feasibility of ZnO nanoparticles synthesis by high-energy milling as well as to investigate their antimicrobial effect.

The high-energy ball milling technique was used to produce ZnO nanoparticles from micron-scale ZnO particles. The phase state, morphology, and size of the ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by different methods of particle size analyzer (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the antibacterial effect of ZnO nanoparticles was examined on E. coli and S. aureus bacteria.

The study results demonstrated that size of the synthesized nanoparticles was within the range of 20 -90 nm and their morphology was reported as nanorod and nanoparticles with multifaceted cross-section. An increase in the density of nanoparticles resulted in a rise in the antimicrobial effect. Moreover, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria inhibition zone was 3±0.5 and 7±0.5 mm respectively at the density of 6 and 10 mM. The MIC and MBC of ZnO nanoparticles provided for Staphylococcus aureus were observed 3±3 and 2.5±0 mg/ml, whereas they were reported 7.5±0 and 8±0 mg/ml for Escherichia coli bacteria.

The findings of the present study revealed that ZnO nanomaterials could be synthesized by applying high-energy milling on micron-scaled ZnO particles. In addition, they can be utilized in food packaging and preservation process.

Stress gradually suppresses the immune system making the body susceptible to various diseases. The aim of this study was to show the effects of cold and immobilization stress on growth of malignant cells in Balb/c mice.

In an experimental study which was carried out in the Molecular & Cellular Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2008, 3 groups of 10 Balb/c mice were selected to investigate the effects of cold stress and immobilization stress on growth of WEHI – 164 fibrosarcoma cells in groups of 10, Balb/c mice. Each mouse was injected with tumor cells subcutaneously in the chest; for 2 hours/day mice in group 1were subjected to cold stress and mice in group 2 were immobilized; the control group received tumor cells with no stresses. Tumor sizes were measured every two days and case groups were compared with the control group.

Results showed that the tumor sizes in stressed mice were significantly different from controls. After 14 days of tumor inoculation, mean tumor size in mice subjected to cold stress and immobilization was 31.99±2.61 and 37.13±3.51cumm respectively, but in the control group the mean tumor size was 18.15±3.09 cumm, (p<0.05).

Results in this study showed that cold and immobilization stresses increase the growth of WEHI-164 tumor cells.

Introduction &

Wound healing is the process of repairing following injury to the skin and other soft tissues. Following injury, inflammatory response occurs and the cells below the dermis begin to increase collagen production, later on, the epithelial tissue is regenerated. Royal jelly (RJ) is a bee product. There are many reports on pharmacological activity of RJ on experimented animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RJ on the induction of wound healing of sterile incision in Balb/C mice.

In this experimental study which was conducted at Shahr-e-kord University of Medical Sciences in 60 female Balb/C mice (8 weeks old) were selected. The mice were anesthetized with ether. The dorsal fur of the animals was shaved and sterilized with alcohol, and then a longitudinal para vertebral full thickness incision of 10mm long was made. The animals were then divided into six equal groups. In group one (negative control), nothing was applied to the wound. Group 2 (positive control) was treated with nitrofurazon ointment, group 3 was treated with RJ 200 mg/kg daily, group 4 was treated with RJ 200 mg/kg every two days, group 5 was treated with RJ 300 mg/kg daily, group 6 treated with RJ 300 mg/kg every two days. Royal jelly was topically used on the wounds. The wound length was measured with vernier capilar every two days until the complete healing was occurred. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 11.5 using Kruscal Walis tests.

There was a significant difference between groups 1, 2 with the other groups (p< 0.015). RJ promoted wound healing activity significantly in group 3, 5 compared to negative and positive control groups. There was no significant difference between the dosage of 200mg/kg with 300 mg/kg of RJ (p>0.015).

The results of this study indicated that daily application of RJ possesses betters wound healing effects than nitrofurazon.

Fibrosarcoma is a tumor with the mesenchymal cell origin that is composed of malignant fibroblastic cell in a collagen background. Specific treatments for cancer such as chemotherapy, radiation and surgery have many complications for patients. Royal Jelly is a substance that appears to be effective on immune system. According to the properties of royal jelly, it seems to be effective on both prevention and growth of fibrosarcoma cell. In this study, we aimed to carry out a research to investigate the effect of royal jelly on the growth of WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cell in singenic Balb/c mice. Four groups of 7 Balb/c mice from same sex and age were selected. All Four groups were subcutaneously injected with WEHI-164 tumor cell on the day zero in the chest area of the animal. Each test group (group 1-3) was orally given 300, 200 and 100 mg/kg of royal jelly respectively, but control group was not received royal jelly. In every individual mouse, the tumour size was measured every 2 days from day 5 (days 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17). Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney-U tests. Our results showed that the mean size of tumor in case group was significantly smaller than the control group in days 11, 13, 15 and 17 (P<0.05). No metastasis was seen in test and control groups. With emphasize on anti tumor effect of royal jelly, it seems that royal jelly has important role in control and regression of fibrosarcoma cells. Since royal jelly showed a delayed effect in control of fibrosarcoma, we suggest that royal jelly be used at least 10 days before tumor inoculation.