مریم هزاوه ای

In assisted reproductive techniques, the selection of a good quality embryo is an important goal, which requires access to a standard method. Today, there are several methods for evaluating in vitro embryos. The morphological evaluation is based on the cleavage rate, shape and symmetry of the blastomeres in the day 3 and day 5 of development. Also, in the preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) method, embryos are evaluated for genetic diseases, to finally are selected a suitable embryo for transfer to the mother's uterus. Since it is important to achieve a low-risk, and high-precision method for selecting of good quality embryos. Recently, the evaluation of embryonic metabolism using analyzing of the material absorbed and secreted by embryos in culture medium, as a non-invasive assessment, has been proposed, that can predict the embryo growth and development more accurately along with morphological evaluation. Therefore, in this narrative review study, relationship between embryo metabolism and its quality has been discussed as a new approach.

Hypertension, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and visceral obesity are the main indexes of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Nowadays, metabolic syndrome has become a global epidemic and approximately 20-25 percent of the world's adult population possess the potential risk factors for developing this disorder. Several studies have shown that patients with various metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, patients with underlying conditions associated with metabolic syndrome are at higher risk for complications and mortality of COVID-19. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome are necessary for better management of the affected patients. The aim of the current review was to review any correlation between metabolic syndrome and the COVID-19 infection in terms of the severity in clinical complications and mortality

Sperm associated antigens (SPAGs) play an important role in the incidence of various cancers including breast, lung, liver, and bladder. SPAGs are also important in sperm functions, such as motility. However, it seems that sperm cryopreservation as one of the assisted reproductive techniques (ART), can affect the expression of these genes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of freezing on the expression of human SPAG 5 and 9 in human spermatozoa.

In the present experimental study, twelve semen samples in terms of normozoospermic parameters were collected from individuals referred to the Royan Institute, and progressive motile sperms were isolated by density gradient centrifugation (DGC). Each sample was divided into two, non-frozen (control) and frozen groups. After rapid freezing and three-day storage in liquid nitrogen, samples were thawed in tap water and incubated for 2 hours of recovery-time in a CO2 incubator. RNA extraction in both groups was performed using TRIzol; and SPAG5 and 9 were evaluated by Real-time PCR technique.

Based on statistical analysis, the expression of SPAG5 decreased significantly in the frozen group compared to the control group (P≤0.05); In contrast, there was no significant difference in the expression of SPAG9 between the control and frozen groups.

Considering the cold shock in the future of cell, a significant reduction in SPAG5 expression in the frozen group may indicate probable influences in the derived fetus.

Aim: In the present study we examine the effect of C. mass L. seed extract on learning, memory and some serum parameters in alzheimer induced male mice.
Material and 48 male mice weighing 25-30 gram divided into six groups including 1- Saline-Saline, 2-STZ-Saline, 3- STZ- Extract 25 mg/kg, 4- STZ-Extract 50 mg/kg, 5- STZ-Extract 75 mg/kg, 6- Saline- Effective dosages of Extract (50 mg/kg). For inducing Alzheimer's disease i.c.v. injection of Streptozotocine (3 mg/kg) was used and learning as well as memory was evaluated through passive avoidance test model. All groups received C.mas seed extract or saline intraperitoneally for 3­weeks. Then they entered into learning testes. Finally all animals were killed and blood was taken from right ventricle. Level of glucose, Triglyceride, and total cholestrole in serum were measured. Also during treatment period, weights of the mice were measured at beginning of each week. The data were analyzed using unilateral variance analysis and Tukey test or Analysis of variance with repeated measures.
ICV administration of STZ significantly decreased memory (P0.05). Reduction of mice weight was Significant (P It seems that C. mas seed extract improved memory in disorders neuronal damage such as Alzheimer's due to reduction of risk factors in the blood and adjustment of the glucose and fatty acid metabolism.