فهرست مطالب مصطفی عظیم زاده

In recent years tend to use of natural fibers has increased in making sound absorbers. Fiber-based natural materials have low density, low production costs, and are biodegradable.

In this study, the effect of nanoclay and the behavior of the nanocomposite specimens containing tea waste, polypropylene, and nanoclay in the sound absorption coefficient are investigated. 

The results showed the sound absorption coefficient increases by increasing the tea waste weight percent of the polypropylene. 60% increase in tea waste has a special role in the absorption of sound waves at a frequency of 1000 Hz and 2500 to 6300 Hz frequency range as the TW60 N5 sample has the sound absorption coefficient 0.94 and 0.84 in 1000 and 6300 Hz frequencies, respectively. Comparison of the sound absorption coefficient of composite and nanocomposite showed that sound absorptions increase by adding nanoclay to the 5%, at frequencies above 2000 Hz.

Tea waste-based sound absorbers can be used in noise control due to the high acoustic absorption and no harmful effects on human health.

Developing a biosensor faces the different challenges for parameter optimization and calibration. In this study, a machine learning based approach is used to model and optimize the effective parameters of an electrochemical nanobiosensor based on thiolated probe-functionalized gold nanorods (GNRs) decorated on the graphene oxide (GO) sheet on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The response of the biosensor was considered as the output and eight effective factors including GO concentration, GNR concentration, probe concentration, probe time, MCH time, hybridization time, Oracet Blue (OB) concentration, and OB incubation time were used as inputs to train and model an artificial neural network. The experimental results demonstrate that the output of the developed model has an acceptable compatibility with the results obtained in the laboratory. The developed model is able to predict the output of the nanobiosensor with accuracy of 96.91% and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) value of 5.5090 %. Finally, genetic algorithm is used to find the optimum values of these parameters which yield the maximum value of the nanobiosensor output. The optimization results indicated that this method has better performance compared to the laboratory results and this method can be used for nanobiosensor design.

Trachyspermum copticum، Bunium persicum and Cuminum cyminum involve the most important medicinal plants in Apiaceae family in Iran which can be observed in different natural habitats of Yazd province. Therefore، these three native medicinal plants of Yazd province were assessed in regard with the components and antioxidant properties of their seed essences. In this experimental-lab trial، all experiments were performed in triplicate. The essence of the collected seeds were extracted by hydro-distillation، and fractionated by GC/MS method. Then، the compounds were identified. The DPPH test was used to estimate antioxidant properties. The Follin-Ciocalteu method was applied in order to estimate the quantity of Phenolic compounds. The analysis revealed that the main components of Trachyspermum copticum were γ-Terpinene، β-pinene، cymene and thymol. Regarding Cuminum cyminum، the main components were propanal، 1-phenyl-1-butanol and benzene methanol. For Bunium persicum، the results revealed that the –γTerpinene had the highest percentage of the essence. The IC50 of Bunium persicum، Trachyspermum copticum and Cuminum cyminum were 2. 85، 1. 49 and 0. 711 µg. mg-1 and the phenolic component percentage were 117. 09، 90. 22 and 162. 62mg. g-1، respectively. The study results، with respect to antioxidant properties، demonstrated the highest antioxidant properties for Trachyspermum copticum، whereas the lowest antioxidant properties were regarded for Bunium persicum. The highest phenolic components were observed in Bunium persicum، Trachyspermum copticum، and Cuminum cyminumt، respectively.

One of the important perennial herb in Apiaceae family is Black caraway (Bunium persicum) which is growing naturally in some regions of Iran and a few neighboring countries. In order to evaluate genetic diversity of Iranian germplasm، nine ecotypes of the species were collected and their ITS2 and ITS1-5. 8s rRNA- ITS2 regions were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Sequences were aligned in the ClustalW method by using MegAlign program. Phylogenic dendrogram، identity and divergence matrices were designed. Low genetic diversity was found among the ecotypes in comparison with previous studies via morphological and biochemical markers. Comparison of the sequences of ITS1-5. 8s rRNA- ITS2 regions of two ecotypes (Mashhad University and Kalat Naderi) with ref-seq genomic database at NCBI، showed the highest similarity with Sorghum bicolor، Oryza sativa، Arabidopsis thaliana and Vitis vinifera sequences. Considering low similarity between the results of two distinct studies of the authors، results of morphological and biochemical markers are more reliable than molecular markers (ITS2). It could be concluded that the ITS2 molecular marker does not seem to be compatible for intra-species studies. Other convenient molecular markers for assessment of genetic diversity of black caraway are suggested.

Glutathione S-tarnsferases (GST) gene family is one of the enzymes which is responsible for detoxifying mutagens and Carcinogens chemicals. People with null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are at higher risk of developing cancer، especially those who are related to smoking. The goal of this study was investigating the rate of glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 genes deletion and their role in patients with lung cancer. In this case-control study، DNA extraction with salting out method was carried out upon 70 healthy controls and 30 patients with lung cancer. For determining deletions، a multiplex PCR was performed for GSTT1، GSTM1 and beta-globin as a control gene. Statistical analysis was done by Pearson''s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Out of 30 patients and 70 controls: 3 (10%) cases and one (1. 4%) control were double null genotype; while in 19 (63. 3%) patients and 59 (84. 3%) controls، none of the genes were deleted. In 5 (16. 7%) cases and 5 (7. 1%) controls GSTT1 were deleted and in 9 (30%) cases and 7 (10%) controls GSTM1 was deleted. Statistical analysis showed that GSTM1 deletion is significantly higher in patients in comparison to the controls (P=0. 018). Deletion of at least one of the GSTM1 or GSTT1 genes was significantly higher in patients group compar to the controls (P=0. 033). Deletion in glutathione S-transferse genes was related to detoxifying carcinogenes and this could have been related to the development of lung cancer; and in people with at least one deletion or both، the risk of lung cancer was more (especially GSTM1) comparing with those who have two wild type genotypes of these two genes

rachyspermum copticum as a medicinal plant has many therapeutic properties including; anti-flatulence, anti-emesis, anti- rheumatism and expectorant. The goal of this study was to identify the active ingredients and anti-oxidant effects of Trachyspermum Copticum's seeds harvested in Yazd province. The essence of the seeds was first extracted by Clevenger apparatus. The active components of the essence were then separated and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. The anti-oxidant effect was determined by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test as the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the total amount of phenolic components of the essence was quantified utilising the Follin-Ciocalteu method. The results of this study revealed that thymol (64.9%) and γ-Terpinene (11.1%) were the most prevalent components of the essence. Also, the anti-oxidant activity and the total amount of phenolic component of the essence were 0.711µg/ml-1 and 162.62 mg/g-1 resepectively. The result of this research indicated that the active ingrediebts of native Trachyspermum copticum harvested in Yazd province were much higher than the ones found in Trachyspermum copticum harvested in other places.

Phellinu s Quel is a large and widely distributed genus of the family Hymenochaetaceae under the class of Basidiomycetes with more than 359 species. The Phellinu s species have anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Hitherto, 12 Phellinus species have been reported from the north of Iran. Due to their great medicinal effects and lack of investigation on Iranian species, this study was performed to investigate the host dispersal behaviour, macro- and micro-morphological properties of the species, and antioxidant activities. using the total methanol extract and it’s fractional extracts (chloroform, butanol and water extracts). In this experimental study, the macro- and micro-morphological properties of the species were determined using the total methanol extract and it’s fractional extracts (chloroform, butanol and water extracts). The antioxidant assays were then performed. The radical scavenging capacity of fractional extracts of this fungus were evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Also, the total phenol content (TPC) of each extract was measured using Folin-Ciocalteau method. The results indicated that the total methanol extract showed a significant antioxidant activity. Further fractionation indicated that the butanol fraction had a stronger activity than the total methanolic extract in both antioxidant assays. The effective concentrations of the different extracts (total methanol, chloroform, butanol and water), for scavenging of 50% of generated radicals (IC50), was 30.87±2.07, 87.22±2.56, 11.98±0.32 and 229.67±0.94 µg/ml, respectively. The results showed that different extracts, especially butanol extract have high antioxidant activities which indicate the presence of active components in this fraction. Considering these great antioxidant effects and its low expense, it is recommended to use this fungus in more clinical trial researches and drug manufacturing industry.

Iran is one of the greatest and the most divergent resources of medicinal plants. Cuminum cyminum is one of the important and valuable medicinal plants of our country with such medical effects as anti-seizure, anti- epilepsy, stomach-strengthening, diuretic, anti-flatulence and maldigestion. The aim of this research is to assess the chemical components and antioxidant effects of the seed essence of this plant. The seed essence from southwest mountains of Behabad, Yazd was extracted by Clevenger apparatus, then segregation and recognition of components was performed by Gas Chromatography(GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS) methods. The DPPH test was used for estimating antioxidant effects and Follin-Ciocalteu method was used for estimating the quantity of phenol compounds. This study was an applied research. Components identification revealed that propanal (26.19%), 1-phenyl-1-butanol (16.49%), γ-Terpinene (13.04%) and benzene methanol (25.4%) had the highest percentage in the essence. The antioxidant test showed a high antioxidant effect with IC50 of 1.49 µg/mg and a high phenolic component percentage of about 162.62 mg/g. The propanal, the main component of seed essence, has a wide range of applications in industries and pharmacy. The result of this research showed a much higher antioxidant activity for native Cuminum Cyminum of Yazd province comparing the previous similar studies about this plant in other areas.

Macromycetes are considered as new resources for medicine with various biological properties. One of the most important medicinal fungi in Iran is Phellinus conchatus. This genus contains 359 species around the world of which 12 species are reported from the north regions of Iran. Phellinus species have anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Moreover, they have been used in traditional medicines for treatment of several diseases. Due to the increasing bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics, it seems that research for new sources of antibiotics is necessary. The purpose of this research was to collect and identify the species with respect to hosts, dispersal, macromorphological and micromorphological characters of the species, and their biological effect against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria was evaluated using total methanol extract and it’s fractional extracts(chloroform, butanol and water extracts) using disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations(MBCs). The results of disk diffusion tests showed that all extracts except aqueous extract had growth inhibitory effects on three bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The butanolic extract showed the best result in growth inhibition against the bacteria, especially on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MICs and MBCs of the butanol extract of these bacteria were(1, 2mg.disk), (2, 4 mg.disk) and(8, 16mg.disk), respectively. The results show that different extracts, especially butanol extract have high antibacterial activities which indicate the presence of active components in this fraction. More fractionation studies are under way to isolate the antibacterial components in the butanolic extract.

Medicinal plants are valuable natural resources that are nowadays known as safe pre-materials for drug industries in the advanced countries. Black caraway is one of the most important and economical medicinal plants that can be grown naturally in some regions of Yazd province. The essence of the plant are used in treatment of diarrhea, dyspepsia, fever, flatulence, stomachache, hemorrhoids, hiccoughs, as an antihistaminic and more numerous uses in medicine industries. This plant shows several therapeutic effects on digestive and urinary tract disorders and is well known as an anti-convulsant, anthelmintic, anti-asthma and antidyspnic drug in Iranian traditional medicine. Bunium Persicum oil is capable of suppressing the initial stage of an inflammatory process. Also, this plant is used for culinary purposes and for flavoring foods and beverages. In this research, the fractionization of seed essence was done by GC method and the compounds were recognized. The DPPH test was used for estimating anti oxidant effects and the Follin-Ciocalteu method was used for estimating quantity of phenol compounds. The results revealed that- γTerpinene had the highest percentage in the essence of the native black caraway of Yazd province. Also, the antioxidant test showed the high antioxidant effect of the native black caraway of Yazd province with an IC50 of 2.85 µg.mg-1 and the phenolic component percentage of 117.09mg.g1. This result was much higher than previous similar studies about black caraway.