مصطفی کاظمی

Evaluating employees and managers in terms of excellence in behavioral and performance indicators has always been one of the most complex challenges for organizations. In the traditional method, the evaluation of managers was done only by applying the opinion of superiors. Because managers have different functions and show different behaviors in front of different stakeholders; Therefore, a mechanism for evaluation should be designed that includes all behavioral and performance indicators and by gathering different opinions from stakeholders at different levels, a detailed and comprehensive evaluation can be achieved. In this regard, the 360-degree evaluation model is a comprehensive and widely used method for evaluating managers' competencies. This article is a field research in the General Administration of Khorasan Railway and using a valid questionnaire whose validity is confirmed by expert method and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and during two stages of testing with a fixed time interval with a value of 98% and 96% of cases. Confirmed, done. Twelve titles of competence of managers in three dimensions of functional, organizational and behavioral characteristics were designed and evaluated using the opinions of four stakeholders "self-evaluation, subordinates, managers of the same rank and superiors" for 41 managers. The evaluation was done by the three criteria of average points, dispersion of opinions, and the level of knowledge of the evaluator, and Shannon entropy weighting, and it was ranked with the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making technique, and the manager's behavior with the stakeholders at different organizational levels was analyzed by the histogram chart.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, which is associated with a high prevalence, especially in the elderly male population. Treatment options for non-metastatic prostate cancer usually include active surveillance, radiotherapy and surgery, so the aim of the present study is a systematic review of brachytherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer.

The study conducted is a systematic review article in which a review of the treatment of prostate cancer with brachytherapy has been done. The information used is taken from articles published in Persian and English in Google scholar, SID and PubMed databases from 2000 to 2022. The selected keywords in this article included Brachy therapy, Prostate cancer, Radio therapy, Prostate neoplasms, High dose rate, Low dose rate and External beam radio therapy. Selection of studies was done according to PRISMA guidelines.
Results

Brachytherapy can be classified into 2 types of permanent implantation and temporary implantation based on the length of the treatment period. In permanent brachytherapy implants for prostate cancer, iodine (125I) or palladium (103Pd) are used as radioactive sources for low dose rate cases and for high dose rate brachytherapy. Iridium (192Ir) is used. Brachytherapy is usually used in two ways, either as a monotherapy in which LDR and HDR are used to treat some low-risk patients, or as a booster treatment after other treatments such as EBRT, which here may be part of the treatment process before, after, or during treatment. In contrast to brachytherapy alone, brachytherapy plus EBRT is an appropriate approach in patients with intermediate-risk and high-risk disease. In high-risk patients, the combined use of EBRT and HDR-BT can lead to better results than EBRT alone. Brachytherapy treatment is not suitable for every disease.

One of the main advantages of this treatment method is the ability to administer a high dose of radiation while minimizing radiation exposure to adjacent healthy organs. Since optimal dose distribution occurs in the treatment, quality treatment can be ensured. The results obtained from both forms of brachytherapy are generally suitable and comparable to other treatment methods with fewer side effects.

Implementing the human resource policy model in practice presents considerable challenges and requires alignment with legal standards. This study aims to identify and rank factors critical to the effective implementation of the human resource policy model, with a focus on compliance with the Civil Service Management Act. A documentary analysis identified key factors, followed by the use of Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy DEMATEL methods to rank their relative importance. The study sample consisted of fifteen senior managers from the Khorasan Razavi Governorate, chosen through convenience sampling. Initially, 33 factors influencing policy implementation were derived from the literature and were subsequently refined to 37 factors through exploratory interviews with experts. The Fuzzy Delphi method identified seven primary factors, and further analysis with the Fuzzy DEMATEL method reduced this to a model of six significant factors: the knowledge and skills of policymakers, managerial instability during execution, implementers’ knowledge and technical skills, a structured monitoring and evaluation system with feedback mechanisms, adequate implementation resources, and the experience of policymakers.

Regionalism is one of the prerequisites for trade liberalization, which in advanced stages leads to economic, monetary cooperation and then to political and security convergence. Also, regionalism as a deterrent mechanism leads to peaceful solutions to potential crises between members and strengthens regional peace and security. Accordingly, the ECO Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) (as one of the most important regional arrangements) has set goals for the elimination of tariffs and the expansion of regional trade. To quickly remove trade barriers in the ECO region and expand intra-regional and inter-regional trade, and finally all members join the WTO and integrate into the WTO regime.The present research uses an applied and descriptive-analytical method to collect information in the form of libraries and the Internet to examine the advantages of Afghanistan's trade convergence with OECD member countries. The results of the research suggest that Afghanistan can use its new globalization capacities to overcome its geopolitical bottlenecks and compensate for the historical backwardness of development in its territory. One of the best capacities of the country is its cooperation with ECO member countries.

Governance in the higher education system is a necessity, and its success in our country for the production of science and knowledge depends on the university's adherence to principles and good governance; This means that the university must be accountable to society, people and civil institutions and rely on the participation of academics and students. For this purpose, one of the ways that higher education institutions can achieve these goals by resorting to is the formulation of the university's mission statement. The mission statement is the basis of strategic plans and development of models for continuous assessment of progress with the university.

Based on this, firstly, the assigned mission of each university has been determined with a qualitative method and through interviews and the study of electronic documents, in terms of their functional level as well as the topic of their activities, so that the university can adjust its vision and goals accordingly.

The results of this study show that by making the country's universities mission-oriented, the important indicators of good governance of higher education such as effectiveness and efficiency, justice, clarity of powers and duties, accountability, meritocracy, participation and independence will be realized.

The results show that in some cases, the environmental opportunistic indicators for the university were at a high level, which led to the improvement of the university's final integrated level of achievement and the level of its mission. which is not far from expected considering the compensation of the multi-criteria method used. This issue indicates that not paying attention to the external environmental conditions of any university can lead to an incomplete understanding of its position, and as a result, the allocation of resources will not have a favorable and optimal situation. In this study, for the first time, attention has been paid to the external environment of each university in evaluating its position.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, the effect of omega-3 consumption and interval exercise alone or in combination on ERS in rats with NAFLD was investigated.

In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (mean weight 156.98±7.82) were divided into 5 groups: Control-Normal (CN), NAFLD, NAFLD-Training (TRNAF), NAFLD-Supplement (SUPNAF) and NAFLD-Training-Supplement (TRSUPNAF). The supplement groups received 1 g of Omega3 (per kg of body weight) orally during the intervention period. Interval training program including running on treadmill with a speed of 14-28 meters per minute, was performed 5 days a week for eight weeks.

Induction of NAFLD increased GRP78, CHOP, ALT and AST (p=0.0001). The expression of GRP78 and CHOP was significantly decreased in TRNAF (p=0.0001 and p=0.001 respectively) and SUPNAF (p=0.0001 and p=0.001 respectively) groups compared to NAFLD. ALT and AST also significantly decreased in TRNAF (p=0.0001 and p=0.0001) and SUPNAF (p=0.0001 and p=0.001 respectively) groups. The combined intervention of interval training with omega-3 supplement was not significant compared to the effect of each intervention alone on GRP78, CHOP, ALT and AST (p<0.05).

Interval training and omega-3 consumption inhibited ER stress in liver tissue through reduction in GRP78 and CHOP expression. However, the simultaneous effect of interval training and omega-3 on ERS needs more research.

Over recent years, with the rapid development and increasing popularity of social media, we have seen a massive growth in the volume and variety of fake news. This phenomenon has profound effects on individuals and society. Verification is a widely used method to counter the negative effects of fake news. But this method is not efficient when analyzing huge amount of data. Therefore, advanced machine learning models and feature-based approaches are used to automatically identify fake news. At the same time, the large number of models and the heterogeneity of features used in the literature often create limitations for researchers trying to improve model performance. For this reason, in the present study, a comprehensive framework of the features used in the detection of fake news is presented with a systematic review method. In order to carry out this systematic review, using the guide provided by Okuli and Schabram, all studies conducted in the field of fake news using related keywords were taken from ScienceDirect, Springer, Emerald, IEEE, ACM, Wiley, Sage databases. , JSTOR, Taylor and WOS were extracted and finally 72 related articles were analyzed. As a result of the analysis of related articles, the features were placed in two main categories of news content and news context. News content includes linguistic and semantic features, visual features and style-based features. The news field also includes features based on user, post and network. The obtained results showed that the most used features in detecting fake news are features based on user profile, features of statistical style, writing pattern and readability. Due to the high variety of available features, it is suggested that a wide evaluation of features, models and their performance in multiple data sets should be done and in this way the performance of different models and feature sets should be compared in order to find the best combination of features in different conditions. to become clear.

In this paper a bi-level optimization approach is introduced to increase the participation of household investors to install battery storage systems in the distribution level. The incentive prices are used here to encourage the private investor. In the upper level the viewpoint of the government is modeled in which, the peak shaving is the goal while minimizing the cost due to the allocated subsidies. In the lower level of the model the investors’ point of view is modeled and their profit is maximized. The bi-level model is converted into its equivalent single level optimization using KKT optimality condition. The proposed single level nonlinear model has been linearized using big-M method and the strong duality theorem (SDT). A dynamic iterative model based on grid-search is also implemented to model the behavior of the participants. The performance of the presented model has been analyzed using real data of Yazd network.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is an important cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to be closely associated with NAFLD. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of interval training and omega-3 on mitochondrial biogenesis in liver tissues of NAFLD rats.

In the experimental study conducted in 2022 at Amol Azad University, 40 male Wistar rats (mean weight 156.98±7.82) were divided into 5 groups: Control-Normal (CN), NAFLD, NAFLD-Training (TRNAF), NAFLD-Supplement (SUPNAF) and NAFLD-Training-Supplement (TRSUPNAF). The supplement groups received 1 g of Omega-3 (per kg of body weight) orally during the intervention period. Interval training program including running on treadmill with a speed of 14-28 meters per minute, was performed 5 days a week for eight weeks. The genes expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), Mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) and Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) were measured by Real Time PCR. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the P<0.05.

Induction of NAFLD decreased the expression of PGC-1α, Nrf1, Tfam and SIRT3 (p=0.0001). The expression of PGC-1α, Nrf1, Tfam and SIRT3 was significantly increased in TRNAF (p=0.041, p=0.048, p=0.043 and p=0.035 respectively), SUPNAF (p=0.044, p=0.042, p=0.037 and p=0.033 respectively) and TRSUPNAF (respectively, p=0.0001, p=0.0001, p=0.0001 and p=0.0001) groups compared to NAFLD; and also, TRSUPNAF compared to TRNAF (p=0.041, p=0.040, p=0.039 and p=0.043 respectively) and SUPNAF (p=0.038, p=0.046, p=0.046 and p=0.045 respectively) group.

The results indicated that exercise training along with omega-3 in the condition of NAFLD was able to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis through an increase in the genes involved in this pathway. Moreover, the combination of Interval exercise training and Omega-3 supplementation has synergistic effects.

Zirkoh city is one of the vulnerable cities, due to its location on the communication route between Iran and Afghanistan through the border of Yazdan, which may allow the transportation of traditional narcotics through this route. The drug in question will make it easy and potentially expose them to substance abuse; And on the other hand, due to the fact that Zirkoh city is located in the east of the country and has an important communication position, and as it was said before, Iran is a transit passage for the transfer of drugs from eastern countries to Europe, Wazirkoh is also located on one of the main routes. and maybe a huge part of drug trafficking takes place through this transit route, and for this reason, this can be harmful and dangerous for the residents of this city, especially for teenagers and young people, what if the drugs in question are somehow in accessible to people. In fact, the social damage caused by this problem in the studied city is significant and worrying. The studies conducted in this field consider various individual, social and family factors to be effective in the tendency to use drugs. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effective factors in the tendency of young people to use drugs in Zirkoh city. The research method is based on a descriptive-analytical method with a survey approach. To answer the questions and test the research hypotheses, three main steps have been considered. In the first stage, library and documentary studies and reference to the studied area were used and finally, the questionnaire was prepared. In the second stage, it includes field work and also visiting the study area to complete the questionnaire. And in the third stage, the analysis of the collected data has been done to test the hypotheses and finally draw conclusions and present the strategy.

Alpha particles emit electromagnetic radiation as they stop in the environment due to ionization and exciting atoms. The energy spectrum and intensity of radiation depends on the material and the percentage of elements in the target and its thickness. By placing layers of different metals and materials and changing their thickness in front of the entrance window of CsI (Tl) scintillator and interpreting the change in intensity in different detector channels, a suitable method for detecting alpha particles is introduced. In this research, the alpha particles of 241Am source with an energy of 5.48 MeV are irradiated into layers of aluminum, copper, iron, steel, paper, radiological films, lead and plastic with different thicknesses and was studied the count  variation of CsI (Tl) scintillation channels. By interpreting the results, was obtained the channels that show the maximum intensity of photons due alpha particles stopping in target. According to the observation of X-ray channels related to alpha particle stopping in target, a method for radon detection has also been introduced. In this method, hot spring water is poured into a plastic container with a thin layer of iron embedded at the end. First the background spectrum was measured. Then the water inside the container is stirred and the difference in spectrum is measured. The most suitable channel for measuring radon is channel 57. According to the obtained results, the relationship between radon concentration and counting rate in this channel has been extracted.

Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, which leads to elevated triglyceride levels, apoptosis and compromised cardiac function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training (AT) and royal jelly (RJ) on apoptosis indices in cardiomyocytes in high-fat diet-induced obese rats.

In this experimental study, 45 male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=9): Normal Diet (ND), High-Fat Diet (HFD), High-Fat Diet+Training (HFDT), High-Fat Diet+Royal Jelly (HFDRJ), and High-Fat Diet+Training+Royal Jelly (HFDTRJ). The supplement groups received 100 mg of royal jelly (kg/body weight) diluted in distilled water orally during the intervention period. The aerobic exercise program included treadmill running with an intensity of 50-60% oxygen consumption (VO2max), 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05.

HFD decreased Bcl2 (p=0.006), increased BAX (p=0.006) and BAX/Bcl2 (p=0.006). AT, RJ as well as the combination of AT with RJ increased Bcl2 and decreased BAX and BAX/Bcl2 (p≤0.05). Increase in Bcl2 and decrease in BAX and BAX/Bcl2 were significant in HFDTRJ group compared to HFDT and HFDRJ groups (p≤0.05).

Combining AT with RJ may improve apoptotic markers in cardiomyocytes by affecting BAX and Bcl2 expression and control HFD-induced cardiomyocytes damage on the apoptotic pathway.

As environmental policies are highlighted in the green supply chain, it plays an essential role in improving the supply chain capabilities. On the other hand, considering the development of technology and the Internet of Things intelligence and their potentials in goal achievement, it is important to investigate and study their applications in this field. This study aims to identify the most important criteria in selecting a green supplier and investigate the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) on this selection. To achieve these objectives, the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) method is used to identify the effective weights of each criterion and introduce the most effective criterion by examining the centrality. The fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FAHP) is used to investigate the role of IoT in the green supply chain. The results indicate that air pollution control is the most important criterion for evaluating the suppliers and also has the greatest impact on IoT.

Diabetes leads to extensive cardiac fibrosis, which worsens as disease progresses, culminating in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the effect of aerobic exercise (AT) and berberine chloride (BR) on the expression of TGF-β/Smad4 heart tissue in diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats (276/09±17.03, 10 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups (n=8): Diabetes (DM), Diabetes-Berberine (BRDM), Diabetes-Aerobic Training (ATDM), Diabetes-Aerobic Training-Berberine (ATBRDM). Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin. Training groups have performed a progressive aerobic running program (at 10-18 m/min, 10-40 min/day, and 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for six weeks. Berberine chloride (30 mg/kg/day) were administered orally, by gavage, once a day. At the end of six weeks-- heart tissue samples were collected. TGF-β and Smad4 gene expression levels were measured by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05.

The results showed that AT, BR and AT-BR combination in diabetic rats significantly decreased TGF-β (p = 0. 0001)) and Smad4 (p = 0. 0001) in heart tissue. Also, a significant decreased the amount of this index was observed in the ATBRDM compared to the BRDM and ATDM groups (p <0.05).

AT and BR by improving heart tissue fibrosis markers is an effective strategy to improve cardiac fibrosis in diabetic rats with STZ. In addition, AT and BR supplementation showed a protective cardioprotective effect of reducing cardiac fibrosis markers.

This paper proposed a new flexible approach to optimization of hybrid transmission Operating companies (HTOC) in which the maximization of the revenue of combined company as well as maximizing social welfare from the perspective of the independent system operator (ISO) is considered. The company's strategy is to maximize its revenue both through the transmission and through the sale and buying of energy in the day-ahead energy market using storage resources. The use of a bi-level model to optimize the objective functions of the problem along with the proposed strategy to maximize the company's revenue has been proposed, which has been transformed into a single-level model using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT). In order to achieve a guaranteed income, the uncertainty of competitors' behavior is modeled by a modified scenario based method(MSBM). The proposed model is first simulated on a IEEE 9-Bus Standard System and then on a IEEE 57-Bus Standard System using GAMS software. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy to maximize the revenue of the combined company.

The main purpose of this study is to provide a framework for evaluating the performance of Mashhad City Train Operating Company based on a balanced scorecard and multi-criteria decision technique (fuzzy best-worst). The current research is applied in terms of purpose and quantitative-documentary in terms of method. Qualitative data collection was done based on the opinion of 15 experts during the period between 2017 and 2019 in Mashhad Train Operation Company. Nine financial criteria, sixteen in terms of customers, eight in terms of internal process and fourteen in terms of growth and development and learning to evaluate performance through company documents and previous research are identified and weighted; Therefore, in this study, an attempt was made to calculate the weight of perspectives and criteria using the best-worst fuzzy technique, respectively, in which the perspective of customers had the most weight and the perspective of growth and development and learning had the least weight; Finally, the performance of Mashhad City Train Operating Company was evaluated. The overall performance of the company has decreased in 2018 compared to 2017, and has increased in 2019 compared to 2017 and 2018.

Today, extensive political, economic, social, and environmental challenges have made designing the gas supply chain network one of the biggest concerns of governments, local states, and global companies. Due to the development of global regulations about environmental concerns, important issues such as sustainability and resilience are needed to be considered in building up supply chain networks. The purpose of this study is to present a mathematical model of a three-echelon gasoline supply chain network, as well as to consider sustainability and resilience approaches.

This is a fundamental and applied study. The mathematical model developed in this research is a two-stage scenario-based multi-objective stochastic one that considers the risks of chain disruption in the form of stochastic scenarios. The disruption considered in this study included supply disruption due to disruption of refinery production capacity, reduction of gasoline imports due to political pressures, disruption of storage facilities, and a demand surge in some customer zones. In order to find robust solutions against scenarios, the Aghezzaf robust optimization method was used, and to find efficient solutions. The Torabi-Hosseini approach was applied to the multi-objective model.

Some of the most important findings of the present study were the quantification of sustainability measures, including the cost of network establishment, environmental effects of CO2 emissions due to the gasoline production and transmission in the network, and the social effects of the network development on the job opportunities, while improving the economic conditions of local areas. The development of a quantitative approach to optimizing various dimensions of the network resilience, including design quality besides the proactive-reactive capabilities against these disturbances were the other finding of this study. Proactive capabilities encompass the establishment of backup storage facilities in critical nodes of the chain and devising backup links for transporting gasoline from backup refineries to the disrupted facilities. In addition, fortification of critical facilities to be operable in the face of disruptions was another proactive option considered in the proposed mathematical model. Reactive capabilities included planning the recovery of disrupted storage tanks and gasoline pipelines.

The proposed model, that quantitatively optimizes all three aspects of sustainability, i.e., economic, social, and environmental, in the gasoline supply chain network, strengthens the network resilience against disruption. Besides, the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approach were shown through a real case study of the gasoline supply chain network design problem in the Khorasan Razavi province of Iran. The obtained results showed that the cost reduction in the whole network along with sustainability and resilience achievements were made in comparison with the current condition of the gasoline supply chain in Khorasan Razavi.

Implementation of high-capacity power transmission systems in power systems is a growing trend. Among these systems, HVDC and EHVAC power transmission systems are the most popular because of their capabilities and their low investment costs over the long distances. Despite of the mentioned advantages, the reliability of the high-capacity power transmission has been a major concern for power system operators. In terms of reliability, the occurrence of an error in a high-capacity power transmission system (such as HVDCs) causes a large loss of capacity in the transmission network, which can have a major effect on the performance of this system. Therefore, reliability assessment of high-capacity power transmission systems is necessary. In this paper, the reliability level of three modern technologies (HVDC-VSC, HVDC-LCC and EHVAC in different structures) is compared. By comparing these systems, the most proper system for high-capacity power transmission from the reliability viewpoint can be selected.

Organizations consider mentoring as one of the methods of human resource training in order to maintain their competitive position. This study was conducted to design and test a model of factors affecting the mentoring functions. By reviewing previous studies, a list of factors affecting the mentoring functions was identified and in order to localize and achieve the final list, the opinions of the decision team were counted using the Delphi technique. The decision team consisted of 19 experts with experience in the field of mentoring or human resources in the Khorasan Regional Electricity Company. The final list was classified by the decision team into three main categories: factors related to mentor, factors related to protege and contextual factors. Using the DEMATEL technique, a model of factors was designed and tested by distributing a questionnaire among a group of employees working in the Khorasan Regional Electricity Company. The results showed that the factors related to mentor directly affect the contextual factors and also the factors related to mentor indirectly affect the contextual factors through the factors related to the protege. In other words, the factors related to mentor are the independent variable, the contextual factors are the dependent variable and the factors related to protege are the intermediate variable in the model.

The interactive relation between scientific rank and research performance of faculty members has been the subject of both theoretical controversy and conflict in the results of applied research. Using longitudinal research design can resolve some of these conflicts by clarifying the causal relationship between variables.

Unlike the general approach in studies in this field, which focuses on cross-sectional research projects; in this study has been introduced a longitudinal research design and by repeatedly measuring the research performance of a fixed sample of 103 faculty members, has been evaluated the effect of rank promotion on their research performance during their career path.

The analysis variance test in dependent groups confirmed the change of research performance in line with rank promotion.

The results show that academics have the highest research publication growth in associate professor rank and this growth decreases in the rank of professorship.

One of the most important factors in understanding customer behavior is identifying their expectations. Therefore, this study in order to design customer expectations model for platform with agent-based model approach. At first, for finding customers and servants expectations was used of semi-structure interview and then was done automatic clustering with using meta-heuristic algorithms in order to find different factors. Then, with the factor-based simulation approach, the model was designed in Any Logic software. After designing the model, using design method of Taguchi experiments (Qualitek-4 software), scenarios for the growth and development of the platform based on effective factors (liquidity the quality of communication and trust) designed on four levels and finally simulation was performed and scenarios were examined in the simulation environment. the research results showed that the appropriate level of platform growth and development indicators in the fourth level of liquidity, the fourth level of communication quality and the fourth level of trust. In addition, after implementing the optimal scenario in the simulation environment was determined that the percentage of value created on the Instagram platform due to the implementation of the desired scenario is equal to 0.934.

The salient aim of this paper is the shape optimization of an airfoil equipped with Gurney-Flap for aerodynamic performance improvement. The optimization of the slotted Gurney-Flap for improving the aerodynamic efficiency and increasing the lift force of NACA 0012 is the novelty of this research. The Genetic Algorithm, Artificial Neural Network, and Computational Fluid Dynamics are employed for shape optimization. The optimization variables include the height and thickness of the GF; also, the thickness and position of the slot. All analyses have been conducted at Re=0.45×106 and AOA=8o to simulate the take-off phase. After validating numerical results, the optimization process was conducted with two different fitness functions of lift force and aerodynamic efficiency. According to the results, the geometry representing an optimized lift coefficient compared to the geometry with optimized aerodynamic efficiency has a considerably higher height. Furthermore, the thickness of the slot in the first geometry is lower than the second geometry. The first optimized geometry leads to a 21.64 percent lift coefficient increment; there is a 293 percent increment in aerodynamic efficiency due to the second optimized geometry. As a result, it can be indicated that the help of slotted optimized Gurney-Flap can provide the required lift force for Short Take-Off Landing distance.

Today, platforms success cause platform business model changes to a successful business model in world level. But thing causes platform valuable is facilitate interactions that in this regard analysis and study of customers and servants’ expectations as customers of platforms is more important. The goal of research of customers’ expectations model design (customers and servants) is using meta-heuristic algorithm and factor analysis in order to platform development and grows. So, this research is a development and applied as view of purpose and has had a descriptive-survey research as identity and method that is a total action of inductive research. Research has two statistical societies include experts, universities masters and researchers in this area and also platform Iranian customers and servants that has used of two methods of judgmental sampling (snowball technique) and simple random. At first, for finding customers and servants expectations used of semi-structure interview and then was done automatic clustering with using meta-heuristic algorithms and the result shows that customers were include customers conclude two clusters with full of expectations and based on interaction and indifferent customers in all expectations dimensions. Its servants also include two clusters of customers with full of expectations and based on trust and indifferent servants in all expectation’s dimensions.