نشریه جاده
سال سی و دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 121، زمستان 1403)

Today, durability, lower cost and long life of pavement, play a very important role in choosing the type of pavement. In this research, with Abacus finite element software, a type of pavement called perpetual pavement is modeled, then by making the rate of changes in design parameters, which are: layer thickness, Poisson's coefficient and Young's modulus, in 3 The cross-sectional asphalt layer is tested on strain and stress at two different times of 0.1 and 0.164 seconds in 96 different models. The software data are analyzed by multivariate regression model and stepwise method and the final equation for strain and stress is reached which has a suitable correlation coefficient. The results show that in the strain mode, the change in thickness of the first to third layers, the Poisson coefficient of the first and third layers as well as the Young modulus of the second layer are at a significant level. For the stress state, the change in the thickness of the first layer, the Poisson's ratio of the first layer as well as the Young's modulus of the first to third layers are at a significant level for the stress.

Control of traffic performance just via right of way regulations, causes the forming of long queues along the entry approaches of roundabout while results in decreasing the capacity of roundabout and also increasing the delay time of network. The idea of signalization of roundabouts can be useful as a counteraction for this problem, especially during peak hours. In this case, determining the type of control, phasing and timing of the traffic signals and also defining a pattern in signalization of roundabouts in order to select the best alternative of traffic signals operation in roundabout and reach to optimal results, is the one of the problems that seems to be facing traffic engineers when signalizing roundabouts. In this paper, to evaluate the performance of traffic signals at roundabouts with high flow rates and in order to find the suitable scenario for signalization of roundabout to improve the traffic condition, Valiasr-square which is one of the densest roundabouts in Tehran, as main case study model and Ferdosi-square, as validation case study model, are modeled and simulated in traffic simulator software AIMSUN. According to the results obtained for valiasr-Square includes a 32% reduction in delay time, 17% reduction in density, 13% increase in flow, 48% increase in speed and 17% reduction in total travel time while installation of traffic signal in its optimal scenario, it can be said that the use of traffic signals at roundabouts with high traffic volumes is a good choice to get more traffic flow and fewer delays.

Predicting the number of vehicles is crucial in intelligent transportation systems and is a key component of traffic management. Effective vehicle management significantly improves the efficiency of urban road networks and reduces congestion. This study utilizes vehicle entry data for Tehran's traffic cordons from 2017 to 2021 and employs three machine learning methods (Random Forest, XGBoost, and K-Nearest Neighbors) to predict the demand for incoming vehicles in each traffic cordon (Traffic Plan and Air Pollution Control Plan) on an hourly basis. In addition to conventional variables such as weather data and time, travel demand management policies are also used as predictor variables. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of different policies on predicting traffic volume. The results indicate that the XGBoost model and the Random Forest model, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 8.2% and 11.16%, respectively, for traffic and air pollution cordons, perform better compared to the K-Nearest Neighbors model. Sensitivity analysis of variables related to travel demand management policies shows that the policies of "online schooling" and "tolls for entering the traffic and air pollution cordons" have the greatest impact, while the policy of "inter-provincial travel restrictions" has the least impact on improving prediction accuracy.

In this study, a model for pricing taxi services is presented with the goal of making the model fair and transparent in a way that reflects the value of the services the taxi provides to the customers while also taking into account various factors that influence the cost of the services. The major pricing strategy in this model bases the taxi fee on the distance covered during the journey. Additionally, the duration of the trip is taken into account because some people may choose a longer journey others may the length of the trip can be longer than normal because of the traffic. The hourly rate of time is taken into account to account for this anomaly. By dividing the hourly rate of travel time by the additional cost, the duration of the journey is determined based on the conditions anticipated by the model. Different pricing strategies are utilized for various hours and designated time periods to control the demand. Price discrimination is the foundation of this tactic. By managing demand, it makes cabs available even during rush hour. In order to accurately and fairly compute the cost based on the real time and distance traveled, the pricing model developed in this research takes into account all the aspects impacting the service for four different modes of operation. Comparing the predicted costs using the research's methodology reveals that practically current fares are unprofitable.

Iron ore processing produces a considerable amount of iron ore mine tailings (IOMT). Also, the construction industry has a great potential to absorb tailings and wastes from other industries (for example mining industry). The purpose of this article is to stabilize magnetite iron ore tailings using geopolymer synthesized from metakaolin as a source of aluminosilicate and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as alkaline activators. For this purpose, the alkaline activating solution was made by combining sodium hydroxide (soda) in 3 molarities of 8, 10 and 12 with sodium silicate solution in 3 weight ratios of 1, 2 and 4 (sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide) and this activator was added as the optimum moisture to different combinations of iron ore tailings and metakaolin (10, 20 and 30% by weight of IOMT). Compressive strength samples were fabricated with two curing times of 7 and 28 days. The results showed that increasing the percentage of metakaolin alone increases the unconfined compressive strength. Also, increasing the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide and increasing the molarity of sodium hydroxide decreases the unconfined compressive strength of 28 days. The highest value of unconfined compressive strength in 28-day samples was obsereved 10 MPa, by adding 30% of metakaolin and in the weight ratio of 1 sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (in 8 M sodium hydroxide). Also, the investigation shows a high correlation between unconfined compressive strength and Young's modulus.

The increase in traffic load on freeways, arterial roads and runways has led the road construction industry to design and use pavements with high strength and rutting resistance and cost-effective. In recent decades, a pavement with semi-flexible performance has been invented from the combination of porous asphalt mixture and cementitious grouts, which has the appropriate level of sliding resistance and rideability of asphalt pavement, and at the same time, it has the strength and resistance of concrete pavements. The resistance properties of this type of pavement are highly dependent on the characteristics of its filling grout; Therefore, modifying the characteristics and performance of grout will be very important. In recent years, many researches have been carried out in order to improve the properties and characteristics of semi-flexible pavement filling cementitious grouts using different additives and pozzolans. In this research, an attempt has been made to show the effect of additives of fly ash, silica fume, polyethylene terephthalate, styrene-butadiene-styrene latex, mineral powder, recycled layer on the properties of cementitious grouts and semi-flexible pavement mixture by reviewing previous researches. The results show that the use of optimal percentages of these materials can improve the compressive and bending strength, rutting resistance, shrinkage, fluidity and adhesion between the slurry and asphalt and provide the target properties for semi-flexible pavement.

According to Iran’s legal medical statistics, the death and injury rate due to traffic crashes has increased from 1396 to 1401. This trend is observable in the whole country and the provinces. It can be a warning sign for the authorities to analyze the factors on crashes and find solutions to reduce the death and in-jury rate. This research examines the factors affecting the severity of rural crashes in Isfahan province. Logistic regression model is used with 21 thousand data, and statistical analysis is performed on the results. The results show that variables such as month, time, type of road, type of collision, gender and cause of crash are significant. The probability of a severe crash is higher in the early hours of the day and in Farvardin than the rest of the months of the year; road violation can increase the probability of a severe crash by 5.27 times more than other causes (OR=5.27); and men have 41 percent higher probability of a severe crash than women. Some suggestions are made for further studies on some of these variables.

Pavements that are directly exposed to environmental and traffic conditions are thus exposed to many factors that cause erosion and deterioration. As the road passes through different areas along the route, these destructive factors also change. Factors such as soil, traffic conditions, rain, frost and etc. damage the coating and thus shorten its service life. One of the appropriate ways to study the influence of the aforementioned factors on the crack propagation process in rigid and flexible pavements is the science of fracture mechanics. Fracture mechanics is the science that studies cracked components, including laboratory samples of pavements, and uses its parameters, including toughness and fracture energy, to study the behavior of asphalt and concrete pavements against crack growth and propagation. The aim of this paper is to review studies in different crack growth environments, focusing on new samples, including SCB and ENDB specimens. A review of these studies will help improve future research on pavement damage mechanics. Considering the increasing growth of concrete pavements, especially roller compacted concrete pavements (RCCP), it is recommended that further research be conducted on the crack growth behavior of these pavements. The use of ENDB specimens in dealing with the failure mechanics of different load status has also been recommended in various studies related to pavements due to the ease of performing the tests.

The expansion of the internet and development in the business world have led to the emergence of new businesses, including taxi hailing. The purpose of this study is to examine these attributes (10 attributes are selected here) and prioritize them. In this study, unlike the traditional approach of dealing with discrete choice models, which focuses on choosing the best (most important) alternative among alternatives, the role of the worst (least important) alternative is also considered. The probit model is employed for modeling, and its results are compared with the logit model.The results of this research show that although the coefficients of the features in the two models are not the same, and the performance evaluation criteria show the superiority of the probit model over the logit model, but the overall result in the rating of the features is not different.The results of this research indicate that although the coefficients of attributes in the two modeling approaches are not the same, and evaluation criteria demonstrate the superior performance of the probit model over the logit model, the overall conclusions regarding the ranking of attributes do not differ between them.When dealing with taxi hailing services, issues related to security and confidence are more important. In other words, users pay the most attention to aspects that bring about a sense of security and mental satisfaction when choosing taxi hailing services.Furthermore, this study indicates that issues such as compliance with health cares and social distancing are among the least important attributes.

Development based on public transportation can be effective in citizens' access to municipal services. Transport-oriented development It can increase residents' walking and promote greater use of public transportation. It also reduces the number and length of trips by car and helps to create vitality in cities. The purpose of this study is meta-analysis of Transport-oriented development research in the country. Therefore, in order to achieve the above goal, the method of meta-analysis or content analysis has been used. The field of current research is research compiled in the form of scientific-research articles in the field of development based on public transportation in Iran. Which are indexed in various databases of access to scientific and research articles and have directly addressed the subject. Most of the researches have been done in Tehran, Tabriz, Shiraz, Sanandaj, Kerman and Bojnourd provinces. Among the researches, 68% were applied and 31% were developmental in the meantime, no fundamental research has been done And most of these researches have been in terms of documentary data collection techniques - library and interview and observation.

Flood is the most important hazard to the land transportation in Iran. Until now, the vulnerability of the road body against flood accidents has received less attention. Most of the methods have focused on the bridge vulnerability and other risk parameters have not been taken into consideration, while the road is associated with various vulnerability and as a result different levels of risk. In this method, based on the results of the technical report of the transport department of the state of Louisiana, the parameters affecting the studied risk and the possibility of its estimation for Iran have been presented. Based on the results of this research, the type of pavement, the elastic modulus of the layers, the thickness of the top layer and the road drainage conditions are the most important parts of vulnerability. Regarding the possibility of flood hazard, the return period is the case and regarding Exposure, road traffic is taken into account. The results show that the risk level of the roads in Iran, which are mostly paved with asphalt, is at a high level. rural roads with a thin asphalt layer makes them vulnerable to floods. the drainage parameter is less important in construction and operation, and this issue increases the level of vulnerability to flooding. With the presented method, it is possible to make a proper and comprehensive zoning of the roads risk to flooding and then for the optimal allocation of resources to reduce it and also use insurance capacity in this regard.

Determining the geometry of the rupture surface is considered to be one of the most effective steps to accurately determine the safety factor of slope stability. In most of the analysis, for ease of calculations, the rupture surface is assumed to be linear or circular, which sometimes does not correspond to reality. According to the observation of ruptures in the trench adjacent to the central library of Yasouj University, the present research has investigated local ruptures in the domain. By surveying the studied trench and collecting geotechnical information, for seven sections of this trench, with the rupture surface and circular surface with Bishop's method, in the SLOPE/W and with the -c reduction method was analyzed in PLAXIS software and results were compared. Bishop's method predicted rupture wedges with a circular surface for trench, which was contrary to actual rupture surface formed. By analyzing the trench in PLAXIS 3D, the rupture wedge was obtained in a way different from reality with safety factor less than 1. Based on the analysis, it was found that analytical and numerical models were not able to correctly predict the geometry of the rupture surface and the safety factor. The rupture surface occurred in the current slope did not conform to the numerical and analytical models. Therefore, by using the spline interpolation method in MATLAB for each section of the trench, the curve and the equation of its failure procedure were obtained, which stability analysis on these surfaces provides more realistic of slope stability safety factor.

Surface water caused by rainfall is very important on the road surface. Usually, this work is provided with the help of longitudinal and transverse slopes of the track. This is more important in the location of horizontal arches considering the role that their correct design has in providing safety. In this research, the method of using elevation at the place of change of the transverse slope of the road has been investigated in terms of low and good vertical acceleration of the vehicle. The use of crooked elevation can be placed at both ends of the horizontal arch or simply placed at the place of change of the drainage route. The vertical acceleration study has been done with the help of the dynamic model of the suspension system of a quarter car with two degrees of freedom.Analytical geometry and linear algebra methods were used for the geometric modeling of the route. The equations of the asphalt top plate in place on the height of the curve were obtained for the general geometrical data of the track such as the width of the track, the transverse slope in the straight horizontal path, the length applied to the height of the curve. In the following, by mathematical modeling of the planes perpendicular to the vehicle's path (parallel to the longitudinal axis of the road) and determining the intersection lines with the road surfaces, the equations of the longitudinal profile of the road (contact point of the vehicle wheel) were determined.

The Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system has gained attention as an advanced method for toll collection on expressways, highways, and roads. This system improves the passenger experience by allowing vehicles to pass through toll collection points without stopping and deducting the toll electronically from the driver's account. The main advantage of this technology is the reduction of traffic congestion near toll collection points, which leads to smooth transportation, uninterrupted traffic flow, congestion reduction, environmental improvement, revenue generation, and increased road safety. This study examines the priorities and existing issues in the country's expressway network. It also investigates the experiences of electronic toll collection in other countries and the performance of the ETC system. Finally, the method of electronic toll collection in Iran, currently being conducted by banks and implementing companies, is analyzed, and its advantages and disadvantages are examined. Additionally, the ETC system will be compared to the traditional (manual) toll collection method in terms of vehicle traffic recording and toll collection point performance. This research aims to improve the country's expressway network and enhance the electronic toll collection system, providing sugges-tions and solutions for its improvement and optimization.

Taking advantage of short-term traffic forecasts and using it in traffic management will reduce possible blockages and by reducing the travel time and distance traveled by cars, it will reduce noise pollution, air pollution and also consumption costs. It will be fueled. By knowing the traffic in different hours and predicting it, you can have a better management and planning for the roads of the country, the characteristics of the traffic flow in a road is one of the most important factors in decision making and traffic policy in a region. In this study, using traffic evaluation protocols by means of neural network, a traffic evaluation prediction model was built. Also, the technical evaluation and its economic benefits are discussed. In this regard, by using the traffic count in urban highways and by using the neural network model, the traffic prediction has been done. In the neural network, 4 input variables were used, low or high density, The volume of the number of cars, the type of vehicle, the flow speed, the number of 10 neurons were used in the hidden layer, and finally the numerical model was displayed as a numerical matrix. To predict the current density with proper accuracy, which was done here with r=0.93. Also, to compare the linear regression model, the accuracy of the regression model is lower than the neural network model and r=0.88 was obtained at a significance level of less than 0.05.

Several studies have been conducted in the field of construction and project management to define criteria for assessing the success of construction projects. One of the most important applications of these studies is evaluating the performance of construction projects. These criteria are vital, due to the constraints on resources and the vital need for construction worldwide. Considering the importance of the subject, especially in terms of evaluating the success of the project, this paper reviewed and evaluated the most prominent studies and novel approaches, including 45 papers with an average of 528 citations. In total, four approaches were identified, introduced, and evaluated. The achievements of this study can provide a good perspective for a better understanding of the concept of success for construction industry professionals, including leaders and project managers of construction projects, and pave the way for researchers and scholars in the realm of construction industry and project management.

Air-travel catering is a complex industry of food services with the aim of providing and offering hospitality services to the airline passengers. This research uses robust optimization in vehicle scheduling with the time-table in order to minimize delay of food delivering to the airports. Besides, the significant factor of route traffic should be considered due to the vehicle movement time. In previous models of aviation domain, the focus has been on related factors to the airlines in order to face and reduce flight delay while external factors and their impact on flight delay is not noted. Additionally, in this research, machinery scheduling is performed due to the traffic congestion which is formulated in different ways from the previous studies. In integer linear programming model, travel time parameter in considered as an uncertain factor and uses robust optimization to control the object. The proposed model is solved by Arman airline catering data and GAMS software. The results show that the presented model is effective and could present an optimal production plan under uncertain conditions.

The human factor has always been one of the most important causes of traffic accidents, and the most important reason for a driver to be at fault when an accident occurs is his distraction. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the amount of distraction of passenger car drivers on the streets of Tehran and the most important causes of their distraction. The current research is of field type with descriptive and survey data analysis method. For this purpose, data collection was done in two ways, including field observations and surveys in 12 different intersections of Tehran city, including 4 highways, 4 main streets, and 4 secondary intersections.Field observations of a total of 4,800 drivers passing through these roads showed that the amount of distraction of the drivers is higher on the secondary roads than on the main roads and on the main roads than on the highways. Also, no significant difference was observed in the amount of distraction of men compared to women. In the investigation of the most important causes of distraction after field observations and also a survey of 240 drivers, agents talking on a mobile phone or being busy with it to send text messages, dialing, etc., paying attention to billboards, people and shops around the roads and talking to passengers They were recognized as the most important distraction factors for drivers in Tehran.

In recent years, the need for an accurate identification of the conditions of the earth has become apparent, in response to the growing need for larger and more deep underground spaces., underground excavations can be classified into three groups of tunnels, caverns and mines. The new township tunnels of the Pardis are part of the Phase 5, 8.9, and 11 new Pardis projects, which aim at providing access to these phases independently to the highway and the large Pardis of Tehran, and the arterial axis of the first phase of the 3.2 phase 1 and 4 new Pardis cities. The purpose of this research is to use different numerical methods for studying and analyzing the stability of Pardis tunnels in Karaj Formation using numerical methods of finite difference in continuous environment (FLAC software) and separate element in the discontinuous environment (UDEC software). In this research, the sustainability analysis of the tunnels of the Pardis was first performed and optimized by applying a variety of numerical methods. Finally, the results of different methods were compared with the results of the instrumentation. The results show that the model made by UDEC software is closer to real Earth conditions compared to the FLAC software. According to the results obtained from the comparison of the amount of displacement occurring around the drilled space, this environment has a discontinuous behavior.

Overturn crashes are one of the most important road hazards. Due to the high severity and significant contribution of these types of accidents, it has created a set of preventive measures to reduce the consequences of these types of accidents. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a statistical model using two-dimensional logistic regression, in order to identify the variables that affect the probability of occurrence of overturned crashes in suburban roads. For this research, information from Form 114, traffic volumetric information and meteorological information in the years 92, 93 and 94 were used for Zanjan-Qazvin and Zanjan-Tabriz freeways. The results of this study showed that the probability model of free overturn crashes of Zanjan-Tabriz freeway was achieved by three independent variables of gender, driver's occupation and geometric status with an accuracy of 81%. While the probability occurrence model, the overturn crashes in Zanjan-Qazvin freeway were only achieved using two independent variables of driver occupation and load type with a percentage accuracy of 71%. Given to Zanjan-Tabriz model (the superior model), it can be concluded as a general result that overturned accidents are more dependent on human factors.

Today, the safety, durability and strength of the materials used in covering the transportation network and communication routes, is one of the most important and effective factors in reducing road maintenance costs and providing safety, preventing waste of time and providing psychological comfort to those using the routes. Finding methods to prevent premature destruction of asphalt in the road network and delaying pavement repairs and increasing the service life of asphalt pavement by improving the technical specifications of the materials used, requires study and research on various methods of repair and maintenance which are corrective and preventive. In the preventive method, surface treatment asphalt has a special place due to bringing the desired surface characteristics, reducing costs, high effectiveness and preventing the destruction of asphalt in a long period of time in order to reduce maintenance costs. Another function of surface treatment asphalt is to create a non-sliding surface. Surface treatment asphalt has different types called fly seal, cape seal, chip seal, slurry seal, seal coat and micro-surfing, each of which has its own characteristics, but of course we will bear difference in cost by choosing each type. We have to pay attention to this point, along with the weather conditions and the amount of traffic in the desired location when choosing the type of surface treatment asphalt.

Road safety has long been a major social concern for people and officials, and numerous treatments (or interventions) have been implemented to improve road safety. In general, road safety remedies can be policies, legislation and enforcement, physical changes to roads or networks, and other public-purpose measures that directly or indirectly affect traffic conditions, driving behaviors, and the travel environment. In recent years, researchers and decision makers have paid a lot of attention to drivers affecting the safety of transportation routes as a treatment, and in this research, the identification and prioritization of the drivers affecting the safety of transportation routes in the geographical area of Yazd province were investigated and analyzed. This research is practical from the point of view of the goal, and from the point of view of the control of the variables and the method of data collection, it is analytical-descriptive of the survey type. Data collection in this research is a combination of library and field methods, and a large amount of information was obtained using a questionnaire. The statistical community of this research is made up of experts and specialists. The data in this study were tested using the SWARA Cresolin, Zavadskas and Torxis method. The results show that according to the calculations in Swara's algorithm, among the main drivers, the vehicle criterion with a weight of 0.2462 is the first, the increase in road safety (roadside safety) with a weight of 0.2028 is in the second place, and the criterion of the role of supervising and governing institutions on the roads is in the third place with a weight of 0.2028. , the criterion of road geometric plan with a weight of 0.1813 is in the fourth place and finally the criterion of self-representation and expressiveness of the road is in the fifth place with a weight of 0.1674.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of additives on the stabilization of divergent debris soils with poor geotechnical properties. This article gives special priority to our industrial materials such as fly ash and slag of steel furnace, and their effect is compared with conventional additives such as lime milk. Although the cost of lime milk is higher than live lime, it is preferred to live lime in agricultural fields for better efficiency and ease of use. The study of divergence in crops seems important because due to their increase and abundance in nature, they must be appropriately used with the help of measures. The loan source near the earthen dam, which contains divergent soils, can not be ignored and used in the clay core. In the past, clay soils were thought to have a high resistance to water erosion, but in recent years, the generalization of this issue has been limited. Because observations have been very confirming that in nature, there are clay soils that are highly vulnerable to erosion due to the existence of such soils in most parts of our country, measures such as stabilization of divergent soils or its improvement can be of great help to use these soils in engineering projects. This article will identify and study divergent soils and the phenomenon of divergence and evaluate the effect of additives on the stabilization of divergent soils.

The management of subway construction projects is very important due to the high cost and long duration and the economic, social and environmental impact. In order to properly and systematically monitor these projects, the critical factors of success in these projects must be identified, Prioritized and supervised them. For this purpose, in this research, the critical success factors in the projects are identified and categorized by reviewing the literature, then these factors are refined for metro construction projects with the fuzzy Delphi method. In the next step, the fuzzy DANP method is used to understand the interaction of the factors and obtain their weights. In the stage of identification of factors, 21 factors were identified and categorized in the four dimensions of finance, quality, sustainability, and organization, and 12 factors remained by performing two rounds of fuzzy Delphi. results show that The quality dimension affects the other three dimensions, which means the need to invest in quality to improve the performance of the project in all dimensions. Finally, the weights of the factors were obtained, which results shows the importance of the factors of ecological value and adaptation to weather conditions. These two factors are in the dimension of sustainability and it is important to pay attention to environmental issues in the success and sustainability of the project in the long term. The results of this research can be a guide for managers to effectively monitor subway construction projects to achieve success of various dimensions.

The route selection process as the first step in road design and engineering is always faced with various options, the most appropriate of which should be selected. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective and influential criteria in decision-making and choosing the right option for building a road in mountainous areas. A case study in this research is the selection of the appropriate route of the Abgonji-Masjed soleyman axis using four safety and technical criteria, environment, cost and time. For this purpose, firstly, using the opinions of 15 experts, the weight value of each sub-criterion in the main criterion was determined and the score of the sub-criteria was determined based on the available studies and documents from the preliminary investigations, and then the weight of each criterion was determined using Shannon's entropy method. After that, using the simple weighting method, the final weight of each option was calculated and option 4 was chosen as the most appropriate option. After that, options 3, 1 and 2 were placed in the next ranks respectively. In the end, many factors are effective in the process of choosing a path, whose value and impact are not the same in the path. Road safety considerations and technical regulations of construction projects, the impact of the project on the environment as well as the physical structure of the area, the criteria that determine the cost and duration of the project are among the things that should be considered in the final decision.

In this research, soil stabilization has been done by an optimal combination of fibers and traditional stabilizers, as well as using the results obtained in the analysis of the stability of the roofs and finally simulating the results in the environment of genetic programming. A numerical model was obtained by simulating slopes in the OptumG2 software environment. Numerical simulation modeling environment was used by two famous artificial neural networks, the feed forward and genetic programming neural networks. For slopes with an angle of 75 degrees, the maximum vertical stress applied on the foundations is equal to 8, 285, 499, 808 and 1516 kilopascals for soils with a shear resistance of 25 kilopascals (or unstabilized soil), 100, 200, 300 and it was 400 kilopascals. It is worth mentioning that the relationship between the undrained bond strength and the slope reliability factor (for a constant condition of the slope geometry and the location of the foundation relative to the crest of the slope) is a linear relationship. Metal fibers showed the greatest effect on the strength of the fixed samples. Cement stabilizers showed more results than lime stabilizers. The increase in undrained soil resistance can greatly affect the stability of these slopes and also the maximum stress that can be applied to the crest of these slopes. In predicting the maximum amount of stress on the slopes, the artificial neural network analysis was a good representative of this issue.

Evaluating employees and managers in terms of excellence in behavioral and performance indicators has always been one of the most complex challenges for organizations. In the traditional method, the evaluation of managers was done only by applying the opinion of superiors. Because managers have different functions and show different behaviors in front of different stakeholders; Therefore, a mechanism for evaluation should be designed that includes all behavioral and performance indicators and by gathering different opinions from stakeholders at different levels, a detailed and comprehensive evaluation can be achieved. In this regard, the 360-degree evaluation model is a comprehensive and widely used method for evaluating managers' competencies. This article is a field research in the General Administration of Khorasan Railway and using a valid questionnaire whose validity is confirmed by expert method and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and during two stages of testing with a fixed time interval with a value of 98% and 96% of cases. Confirmed, done. Twelve titles of competence of managers in three dimensions of functional, organizational and behavioral characteristics were designed and evaluated using the opinions of four stakeholders "self-evaluation, subordinates, managers of the same rank and superiors" for 41 managers. The evaluation was done by the three criteria of average points, dispersion of opinions, and the level of knowledge of the evaluator, and Shannon entropy weighting, and it was ranked with the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making technique, and the manager's behavior with the stakeholders at different organizational levels was analyzed by the histogram chart.

Road networks are considered as the backbone of transportation systems that play an important role in the social and economic prosperity of societies. For this reason, it is very important to develop road networks with a higher resilience rate for normal operation during an earthquake. Earthquake damage to road networks cannot be accurately predicted because of various factors such as: age, condition of buildings, population density and unavailability of resources to reduce the risk. District 2 of District 16 of Tehran is actually the same neighborhood as Nazi Abad and is one of the oldest structures in Tehran, which is located in the south of the city. The main goal of this research is to compile the transportation strategies of district 2 of district 16 of Tehran by analyzing the documentary-field information and using the shapefile of the studied area in ArcGIS 10.3 software and with the help of SWOT technique and IE matrix. The prioritization of strategies has been done using the QSPM matrix. The findings and results of the research indicate that due to the concentration of commercial users and travel absorbers in the center of the district and the degree of wear and tear, the high fineness of the parts, the low permeability of the road network has increased the vulnerability of the road network in critical conditions.

Rail transport industry an handle a large amount of products, goods or passengers during a wide, scattered and diverse geography, which is accessible and penetrated by intruders and attackers and is also vulnerable to all kinds of physical and cyber attacks; move Therefore, it is not possible to strengthen and improve the level of security in this vast network against various types of attacks and intrusions, and it faces many obstacles and challenges. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the position and strategic importance of cross-border railways for the transportation of goods and passengers in the United States and investigate an unclassified set of seemingly simple attacks that have had destructive and complex effects on the traffic of the railway network and the health of citizens in the United States. be paid Also, the range of security measures of the rail transport industry and the American government, as well as the decision-makers and active activists in this field, were analyzed to reduce the risk factor and manage the crisis in complex, ambiguous and uncertain situations and when there are intrusions and structured attacks on the rail network of this country. take In this case study, the consequences of some successful attacks as well as the weaknesses and shortcomings of the American government system to ensure the security and safety of the rail transportation network in the implementation of programs and protective measures

Rail transport is one of the important and vital infrastructures of any country. Building rail transport infrastructure requires a relatively high cost; But this cost is justified against its advantages, including high safety, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness and suitable for mass transportation. On the other hand, the use of the rail network, in addition to creating dependence on this mode of transportation, is also dependent on other infrastructures and its surrounding environment. These dependencies are more visible during the crisis and may, in addition to creating a crisis in the network itself, cause chain and cascade crises and increase the damages caused by the crisis. In this research, by examining different models of crisis management, laws and regulations and upstream documents and identifying the railway network of Yazd province and its dependencies, while finding the most important dependencies, we will present and propose a model of crisis management according to this infrastructure, and in this way, from the opinions of elites and Interviews and surveys have been used. The primary results of the research, which is the goal and basis of the design of the model, can be expressed as facilitating crisis management, maintaining the continuity of work and managing dependencies, and therefore, a suitable model has been proposed in three managerial, technical and human dimensions. Finally, the most important actions that should be taken in order to implement the model are given in the form of suggestions and implementation solutions.

Air transportation has always been of interest to national managers and planners due to its positive features, including high speed, safety, and large capacity. However, various constraints affect the efficiency of this system. In this research, the resilience of the air transportation network is examined. Constraints are divided into two categories: natural events and sabotage events. In this study, data from domestic flights in Iran were used to analyze the resilience of the air transportation network. For this purpose, the number of serviced flights was considered as an indicator of network performance, and the cascade failure diagram method was used to analyze resilience. The results show that in the most pessimistic scenario, with the removal of three airports, network performance drops below 10%, as indicated by the cascade failure diagram. Additionally, the ideal scenario of network performance decline was examined, and the results show that in this scenario, with the removal of 90% of airports, network performance remains above 45%. Based on the conducted analysis, the biggest problem in Iran's air network is the excessive concentration of flights in a few specific and high-demand airports, which greatly affects network resilience in case of any issues occurring for them.