فهرست مطالب ملیحه مرشدلو

In order to study germination characteristics and early growth of Portulaca oleracea, under different treatment of Walnut (W) and Elderberry (E), Two separate experiments were carried out in a factorial arrangement a Completely randomized with three replications over a farm season (1396). Treatments included Walnut and Elderberry hydro-alcoholic extract in concentrations of 0, 20, 60 and 100%. Results of the analysis of the variance of the laboratory and the greenhouse showed that the Walnut and Elderberry hydro-alcoholic extract had a significant effect on all the characteristics, So that the highest inhibitory effect was observed in 100% Walnut and 100% Elderberry. comparison of the average data from the experimental section showed that with increasing the the Walnut and Elderberry hydro-alcoholic extract in the experimental section germination percentage, germination speed, root length, stem length, fresh and dry weights, and indices of Portulaca oleracea seeds vigor index were reduced compared to witnesses. comparison of the average data from the greenhouse segment showed that with increasing the concentration of the extract stem length, Stem dry weight, Root dry weight, Number of leaves plant, Number of roots in the plant, photosynthesis pigments such as chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids increased significantly and proline increased. Also, the growth of the  roots of the plant has a significant decrease in its meaning. which resulted in a decrease in the dry weight and dry weight of the Portulaca oleracea. according to the results obtained in this study Walnut and Elderberry hydro-alcoholic extract at a concentration of 100% concentration can be used to control Portulaca oleracea

This study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar application of salicylic acid at three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 mM) and root drowning in the aqueous solution of silicon oxide at three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 g/L). The measured traits were the number of days to flowering, average fruit weight, average fruit production per plant, fruit number per plant, final yield, total phenol, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. Results showed that the highest fruit yield, total carbohydrate, and antioxidant activity were obtained in the interaction effect of 2 mM salicylic acid spray with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide application. The amount of proline and total phenol increased in 2 mM salicylic acid and 0.5 g/L silicon oxide treatment compared to control. In this experiment, foliar application of 2 mM salicylic acid with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide were superior to other treatments in the most measured traits.

In order to study germination characteristics and early growth of Portulaca oleracea, under different treatment of Walnut (W) and Elderberry (E), Two separate experiments were carried out in a factorial arrangement a Completely randomized with three replications over a farm season (2017). Treatments included Walnut and Elderberry hydro-alcoholic extract in concentrations of 0, 20, 60 and 100%. Results of the analysis of the variance of the laboratory and the greenhouse showed that the Walnut and Elderberry hydro-alcoholic extract had a significant effect on all the characteristics, So that the highest inhibitory effect was observed in 100% Walnut and 100% Elderberry. comparison of the average data from the experimental section showed that with increasing the the Walnut and Elderberry hydro-alcoholic extract in the experimental section germination percentage, germination speed, root length, stem length, fresh and dry weights, and indices of Portulaca oleracea seeds vigor index were reduced compared to witnesses. comparison of the average data from the greenhouse segment showed that with increasing the concentration of the extract stem length, Stem dry weight, Root dry weight, Number of leaves plant, Number of roots in the plant, photosynthesis pigments such as chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids increased significantly and proline increased. Also, the growth of the  roots of the plant has a significant decrease in its meaning. which resulted in a decrease in the dry weight and dry weight of the Portulaca oleracea. according to the results obtained in this study Walnut and Elderberry hydro-alcoholic extract at a concentration of 100% concentration can be used to control Portulaca oleracea.

Given the increasing consumption of nuts as a healthy snack, it is very important to find a way to maintain the qualitative properties of the products during the nourishing process. Plum is one of the most important dry matter in the world, which is traditionally peeled and dried in Iran. The experiment was done as a factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor was the method of peeling in nine levels (immersion in brine (15, 11, 8 hours), boiling water (45, 30, 10 seconds) and steam (90, 70, 60 seconds)), and the second factor was the type of drying in three levels (traditional, industrial cabinets and solar inactive cabinets). The results showed that the maximum amount of pH (3.36) was obtained from 30 seconds boiling treatment and solar inactivated cabin dryer. The lowest browning rate (36.07%) belonged to peeling with brine for 15 hours and traditional drying. The highest antioxidant capacity (63.93%) was obtained from peeling with brine for 15 hours and industrial cabinets. The highest content of phenolic compounds (0.12 mg/g dry weight) was ontained in the treatment of peeling with brine for 15 hours and industrial cabinets. The highest total anthocyanin (0.46 mg/100 ml extraction) was ontained in boiling water for 45 seconds.Peeling with brine for 15 hours and industrial cabinets recommended to improve the biochemical properties of dried plums.

In recent years, the growth of pistachio production in Iran has not been in line with the global growth of this product, one of the important reasons for which is the improper nutrition of pistachio orchards, especially nutrition with low consumption elements. Due to the salinity and calcareous soil of pistachio cultivation areas, high pH and bicarbonate concentration, it is difficult to absorb iron from soil by pistachio trees. In order to evaluate the methods of application of iron chelate and its different concentrations on the quantitative and qualitative properties of pistachio and iron uptake, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor consisted of iron chelate foliar solution (spraying without electrostatic head and surfactant, electrostatic, surfactant and electrostatic + surfactant) and the second factor, iron chelate concentrations (distilled water as control, 0.5, 1, 5 1 kg of iron chelate per thousand liters of water). The results showed that the interaction effect of electrostatic spray treatment with surfactant and iron chelate concentrations had only significant effect on leaf iron concentration and fresh and dry weight of pistachio kernel. The results of the mean comparison showed that the data on leaf iron concentration and dry and wet brain weight were significantly different. So that the highest concentration of leaf iron (302.9 ppm in dry matter) was observed in the treatment of surfactant and electrostatic head and 1.5 kg of iron chelate in one thousand liters of water, which was 3 times higher than the control treatment. The highest dry kernel weight (12.4 g) and wet kernel weight (22.25 g) were observed in the treatment of surfactant and electrostatic head and 1.5 kg of iron chelate per thousand liters of water, which were 3.5 and 7 g, respectively. Control treatment increased weight gain. The percentage of blankness (8.16%) in the treatment of 1.5 kg of kalat iron per thousand liters of water was observed, which was a 3% decrease compared to the control treatment. The concentration of iron in pistachio kernels (52.41 ppm in dry matter) was observed in 1.5 kg of iron chelate treatment per thousand liters of water, which increased up to 3 times compared to the control treatment. The percentage of dehisced nuts (65.25%) in the treatment of 1.5 kg of iron chelate in one thousand liters of water was observed, which increased by 10% compared to the control treatment. Also, the highest concentrations of pistachio kernel iron (42.65 ppm in dry matter) were observed in the electrostatic and surfactant solution treatment, which increased 3 times compared to the control treatment. The highest percentage of dehisced nuts (63.91%) was in electrostatic and surfactant solution spraying, which increased by 4% compared to the control treatment. In general, in this study, electrostatic solution spraying with surfactant with a concentration of 1.5 kg of iron chelate per thousand liters of water had a better effect on the concentration of leaf iron and pistachio kernel, percentage of laughter and wet and dry weight of pistachio kernel than control.