ملیحه ملکی

In this paper, a modified adaptive nonlinear filter (MANF) to estimate the vehicle longitudinal velocity of the vehicle has been presented which has an acceptable accuracy and simple structure. Obtaining accurate model with minimum uncertainty is difficult and almost impossible, consequently, conventional model based filters can not be usded simply in estimating the longituadinal velocity of the vehicle during the braking. On the other hand, the model based filters reuire the braking toque in velocity estimation where, measuring the braking torque requires specific sensors which will cause increasing the costs of repairing and maintenance. Consequently, in this paper a MANF has been introduced which didn’t require the dynamic model of vehicle and the value of braking torque in estimation process. MANF has been evaluated by experimental data and its effectiveness has been approved.

This study is to analyze the factors (i.e. barriers, motives) influencing the time spent by employed women in physical activities. The approach to this study is descriptive and analytical and done according to field research methodologies. Statistical population of this study consisted of all the women employed in state offices in the city Birjand in 1392(Iranian calendar) _N=14978.The research sample was chosen through random cluster sampling and calculated by Cochran’s formula (B=0.05, a=0.05) and resulted in 375 people (n=375). Measuring means for analyzing barriers to working out was five-valued questionnaires with 48 questions and the means for analyzing motives was standard seven-valued questionnaires with 28 questions Data of the research was analyzed by SPSS version 20 and Statistical methods ANOVA. Our findings suggest that in the discussion of the motivation of women working in Birjand ¡Inner motive of experiencing had the highest average among inner motives and outside stimulus of self-awareness had the highest average among outside motives. Employed women taking part in the study Easy to imagine the sport in offices with an average of 2.69, Not meet the interests and needs of women in radio and television with an average of 2.7 Fear of injury with an average of 2.8, There veil as a barrier to participation in sports with an average of 2.88¡ Lack of proper facilities in place with an average of 2.69 and Lack of interest in the sport exhilarating and exciting environment for women with an average of 2.87as the main barriers to participation in sport have chosen.

Self-development and self-actualization means moving towards ultimate perfection on the basis of individual capabilities and abilities. In fact, it is moving from inferior self to superior self. The self-actualized and self-developed people are those who try to actualize their genuine and God-like self – on the basis of the primordial nature of seeking perfection. They have gone beyond an animal life. In Imam Khomeini’s viewpoints self-developed people are those who have trampled upon the head of selfishness, i.e. they have annihilated the inferior self and attained the sublime self. His wayfaring is from the point of obedience to God to the point of glory of lordship. Maslow also speaks of the Godly nature of self-actualized people, but his definition of Godly is the status of the sages not of God. Imam Khomeini’s approach to self-developed and perfect man who has achieved the perfect level of self-development indicates that such a man enjoys the metaphysical and divine depth, while Maslow looks for the self-actualized and sublime people in the context of nature; although at times he speaks of metaphysics and spirituality as well.

According to Imam Khomeini، based on the verses of the holy Quran، salvation is equally bound to the two important principles of، knowledge and behavior، In the meantime salvation is influenced by his concept of monotheism. Self-purification، virtuosity and submition only to God symbolize mere servitude which in Imam’s opinion is the route to salvation dismissing whatever alien to God and allegiance to whatever associated with Him is the salvation in itself. Also the thought of –šankara، the famous philosopher and mystic in the 8th & 9th Century the founder of Advaita-Vedanta school، about Mokša and salvation is based on the integrity of existence and dismissing the mundan. From the viewpoint of šankara، knowledge to the unity of Brahman and Atman is an important principle upon which Mokša is based. However، although some of his statements show attention to behavior as salvation requirement، on the whole behavior does not take a paramount position in his thoughts as most outstanding thinkers would suggest.

Tobacco is one of the agricultural and industrial plants which plays important role in economy and revenus of producer contries.Potato Virus Y (PVY) is one of the most Dangerous Viral diseases on tobacco plants and reduces the quality and quantity of tobacco crops. The best and most industrial method for PVY disease is production of resistant varieties. Improvement for resistance to this disease from classic methods is difficult and need many expancess.DNA markers Linked to resistance gene and have high polymorphism(Like SSR Markers) can be useful in acceleration of resistant varieties Breeding programs. This research has been done for studying the probability accesses to Marker-assisted Selection (MAS) for resistance trait to PVY disease in tobacco with SSR markers. For this aim,in Farvardin 1389, cultivation of parental seeds(VAM Variety) which resistant to PVY and (K326 Variety) as a susceptible parent to PVY were done.DNA of resistant and susceptible parents Leaves, were extracted, Separately.,and after of performance polyacrylamid electrophoresis and Gel staining by silver nitrate solution, among of them,28 pair primers have the most polymorphisms on parents,were selected and screened. Then,this 28 SSR markers were tested on resistant and susceptible Bulks to PVY disease. The final results showed that 3 SSR markers (PT20357),(PT30002),(PT20165) have the good polymorphism on resistant and susceptible Bulks to PVY.These markers can be useful to MAS for resistance or Tolerance to PVY in tobacco.