فهرست مطالب مهتاب ناصح

The purpose of this study was to analysis factors and strategies of competitive sport development in South Khorasan

This research methodology has been of the type of qualitative research (Grounded Theory) and in terms of the result of applied research. It is also exploratory in terms of its purpose due to its qualities. To gather information, profound interviews have been used by experts and experts and using the results of this stage, we developed a strategy for the development of competitive sports in South Khorasan Province. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts, experts and experts in the field of this research including experts and sports managers familiar with the subject of research, sports science professors and managers and managers of sports organizations that are selected by snowball method.

The results showed that shortages and barriers, as well as manpower, as causal conditions, support categories and facilitators as the ground conditions, the category of culture and society as intervening conditions, have been considered as a consequence.

It seems that we are encounter with the most of issues and challenges to competitive sport development in South Khorasan, that the most of them are out of control. Therefore Motivational Strategies as the Interventionist factor and also focus on developing paths to Increasing internal and external interactions, Fundraising, Focus on teaching, and applied research, is recommended as effective strategies.

With the contextual analysis of the subject, this study attempted to explain the national sport policy. Given the importance of education in the development path, this paper adopted an educational sport approach. Due to the ambiguity and dependence of known factors, this paper used the inductive method to collect data, so this study was conducted with a qualitative approach using the grounded theory. Deep and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The statistical population consisted of academic experts and top managers of Iran sport. The samples were selected by purposive sampling method and continued until saturation based on theoretical sampling method. The results showed the dependency of sport development on the educational sport, and the social development on sport development. They also showed that the development of the comprehensive plan of sport development can lead to the efficient employment of resources, the development of movement attentions, the modification of attitudes and the elimination of perceptional misunderstandings in addition to the role it plays in developing sport. Finally, the theory of Iran was provided given the explored framework.

Obviously, many fundamental educational objectives lie in sports and games. The physical, intellectual, social, emotional and moral objectives can be achieved through games and sports, directly and indirectly. Therefore, physical education and school sport (PESS) play an important role in social development. However, PESS development requires the identification of its components and functions. Hence, the present study aimed to analyzed the theoretical foundations of PESS and extracted factors affected by and affecting it. This qualitative study employed in-depth semi-structured interviews to collect data. Snowball theoretical sampling was used to select interviewees (12). The results indicated that political, management, planning and policy making, procedural, structural, hardware and higher education problems and conceptual misunderstandings affect PESS. Furthermore, PESS development can lead to the development of sports and community health, and will enhance social capital and economic development. Therefore, considering the educational importance of physical education at schools and the broad effects of educational sports on society, it is suggested that a development master plan be prepared and implemented for PESS, taking into account the factors and variables affecting it, along with setting executive programs at the highest management level.

Attention to spectators and their satisfaction has numerous benefits for sports clubs around the world. The current research aims to analyze affecting factors on fan's satisfaction and attendance in Iran football Premier League's stadium.
The research method was survey based. The statistical society of this study were all of the fans in Iran football Premier League. 1920 fans were selected by Random selection as Research sample. In the present research, the research questionnaire developed by Theodorakis and et al (2013) was used. Its validity and reliability were assessed by using conventional methods. For the analysis Path Analysis by SPSS and AMOS Software were used.
The results of path Analysis also showed that questionnaire with 0/313 total impact had the greatest impact on the satisfaction among fans. Also, results showed that Satisfaction with 0/462 total impact had the impact on the fan's participation in stadiums.
According to the results of research, improving the match quality and team performance in the Iran football Premier League can increase the number of fans at Iran's stadiums.

Today it seems to be necessary to generate innovative ideas in social and economic section to comparative advantage in new business opportunities. Therefore، this study aimed to compared the views of experts of sports management and co-administration experts on the development of small and medium sport enterprises in the form of cooperative، in order to achieve economic and social goals. This research is Descriptive–survey. Statistical society of this research included co-administration experts and masters of faculty physical education in sport management of Iran. The sample was by counting all from the community. The survey was performed through questionnaires that 33 measures were utilized، in which responses were measured by a 5-point Likert-type scale. The conceptual validation of questionnaires is confirmed by experts. The reliability of scales، for co-administration experts 0. 91 and for academic experts was 0. 94. The results of analyzing data in this research was performed employing repeated analysis of variance test، bounferoni test and Independent t-test in Significant level of? 0. 05 by SPSS 18. Findings of this research showed no significant deference between co-administration and academic experts، viewpoint. And all of two groups been agree about the importance of supportive-incentive، legal-structure، training، ICT factors and information-cultural factors on the development of small and medium sport enterprises in the form of cooperative.

The most significant job problem، which is usually diagnosed in the form of a reaction against employmental and organizational involvement in various staff of different organizations، is job burnout. The present research aimed at determining the relationship between personality dimensions and job burnout in nurses. In this correlational study، 318 nurses in Zahedan were selected through randomized sampling. In order to evaluate different personality traits Maslach burnout inventory (MBI et al.، 1981) and John Big Five Inventory (BFI، John et al.، 1991) were used. Internal reliability of both questionnaires was more than 0. 70 (r>0. 70). The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software kolmogrov-smirnov tests، Pearson''s correlation coefficient، and multiple linear regression، and ANOVA (through repeating of measures and Bunfferoni post hoc test) and P≤0. 05 was taken as the significant level. Findings showed that personality characteristics of employees such as extraversion، agreeableness، dutifulness، and openness to experience were all negatively and significantly correlated with job burnout dimensions (e. g. emotional burnout، personality deficiency، and modest personal success) (P<0. 05). But neuroticism was positively correlated with the two dimensions «emotional exhaustion» and «depersonalization of job burnout» (P<0. 05). Moreover، multiple linear regression results، agreeableness (P<0. 05، β=-0. 36)، dutifulness (P<0. 05، β=-0. 43)، and openness to experience (P<0. 05، β=-0. 20) can predict job burnout. Different personality dimensions are decisive in job burnout in nurses. Thus، in case personality traits of nurses are assessed prior to their employment it can predict future amount of job burnout in them.

Sports cooperatives have been considered as an important approach in the process of job creation and their place in the development of job opportunities. Promotion of sports cooperatives is considered as innovation deployment and creation of a new profession in one of the sports subset. Therefore, this study aimed to identify those factors affecting the development of sports cooperatives in Iran. This research was practical based on the aim and the analytical- descriptive method was used in this research. Statistical population of this research included experts of the research offices of cooperative, labor and social affairs general departments of Iran. Statistical sample equaled the population (N=61). A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 33 measures was designed by a 5-point Likert scale to collect the data. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sport management professors and some senior experts of cooperative, labor and social affairs general departments. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Chronbach’s alpha was used (α=0.91). Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to determine the normality of data and oneway ANOVA to compare factors at α 0.05 by SPSS18 statistical software. The results showed that all of the factors were important in developing sports cooperatives and there was no significant deference among these factors (p=0.123). It can be concluded that the development of sports cooperatives need the following supportive measures including providing special facilities for superior sports cooperatives, eliminating structural barriers such as facilitating bank facilities and the legal process to create cooperative firms and creating a relationship between educational systems and work environment.

The studies show that regular exercise may play an important role in improvement the cardiovascular status and with detraining period people will loose its useful outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short detraining period on cardiovascular biomarkers in Wistar rats. Forty-two male rats were divided randomly in two groups: experimental group (n=24) and control group (n=18). The training program was done 3 times per week, for 8 weeks. Then six rats experienced detraining. The blood samples were collected after 14 fasting hours in different stages and with the same conditions. The quantity of sICAM-1 was measured, using the commercial R&D Elisa kit. The quantity of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL & LDL in plasma was measured by using Pars-Azmoon kits. Data were analyzed by Kolmogrov-Smirnov, repeated measures of ANOVA, LSD and t-test. The amount of errors were computed in the level of p<0.05. Thirty-six sessions of aerobic training made significant changes in variables and after 4 weeks of detraining the amount of measured variables were changed in to the insignificant baseline level. There were significant changes when detraining group compared with training group at the end of study [sICAM-1 (p=0.006), TC (p=0.004), TG (p=0.005) & LDL-C (p=0.037), HDL-C (p=0.037)]. The results showed, detraining casuses the increase of dangerous factors and body faces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis.