فهرست مطالب مهدی رفیعی

The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize factors that can help in making decisions to build cultural places such as cinemas in optimal locations. This research is practical in terms of the result of the implementation, and in terms of the research method, it is mixed and follows the inductive logic. In order to identify these decision-making factors, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 13 cinema administration and cinema construction experts whose sample was obtained by snowball method. The information collected by the experts was analyzed and coded using the theme analysis method and with the help of MAXQDA software. The result of the analysis of the obtained information led to the identification of 197 conceptual themes, which were classified in the form of 18 sub-themes and two main themes (urban and regional). In order to weight and prioritize the identified factors relative to each other, two multi-criteria decision-making methods were used, such as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS, and the final results were summarized by the average ranking method. Among the final factors identyfied, in the order of weight and ranking, the indicators of people's acceptance of the city's cinemas, the amount of young people in the city and the city's population can be mentioned as the first three urban indicators, and the indicators of construction in commercial properties, the level of well-being of the people of the region and Proximity referred to population colonies as the first three regional indicators.

In this research, the transient liquid phase bonding of St52 carbon steel to WC-Co cermet using a copper interlayer with 50 μm thickness was done. For this purpose, samples were jointed to each other at a constant temperature of 1100 ºC and bonding times of 1, 15, 30, and 45 min. The microstructure of the joints was examined using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. XRD analysis was also used to investigate the effect of bonding on the phase changes of the bonding area. Microhardness and tensile shear tests were also conducted to study the mechanical properties of the samples. Microstructural investigations showed the formation of three different zones including isothermal and athermal solidification zones and DAZ in the WC-Co base material side, which determine the characteristics of the samples. The isothermal solidification zone contained a Fe-rich solid solution and the athermal solidification zone contained a Cu-rich solid solution. η phase was not formed in the DAZ of WC-Co cermet at bonding times of 1 and 15 min. This phase was formed in the DAZ of WC-Co cermet by increasing the bonding time to 30 and 45 min. The microhardness studies showed that all samples had the same trend. Maximum microhardness was 1100 HV which was related to WC-Co base cermet and the lowest microhardness was about 220 HV which was related to steel base metal. Also, the maximum tensile-shear strength of the bonded samples was about 180 MPa for a bonded sample at a bonding time of 15 min, which was due to the increase in the volume fraction of iron-rich solid solution, as well as proper microstructural continuity and the presence of an optimal amount of copper-rich phase in the microstructure.

 PGE2 plays a very important role in the mediation of orthodontic therapies and dental reactions. Laser therapy in dentistry can be used to reduce pain, increase genetic bone, stimulate teeth, and reduce localized pain in time periods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low-power laser therapy on the surface of PGE2  gingival fluid during orthodontic treatment.

 In this double blind clinical trial study, 15 patients with crowning or protrusion of teeth requiring constant orthodontic treatment, along with pulling of the first two right and left prime mules, and then retracting the anterior teeth, were selected. After the first periodontal period examinations was performed in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. One quadrant was selected as the experimental group and the opposite quadrant was selected as the control group. In the experimental group, low power diode laser irradiation was performed along the entire length of the gingival groove on days 0 (start of treatment), 2, 18 and 30 (total 4 days) after orthodontic treatment and sampling. The samples were transferred to the laboratory and determined at PGE2 level using an ELISAR device. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measure test, Friedman test and paired t-test.

 The mean the PGE2 fluid in the orthodontic treated teeth, In the days of treatment, 30,18,2 laser radiation was significantly different between the experimental and control groups (P <0.001). In laser therapy, with significant increase in time, there was a significant reduction in PGE2 (p<0.05).

 Regarding the effect of reducing the pain of using and not using the laser in orthodontic movement, adjuvant treatment with low power laser reduces PGE2 as a mediator causing pain

Considering the role of inflammatory mediators in both orthodontic movements and the development of periodontal diseases and taking into account the role of Interleukin 17 as an important inflammatory mediator in orthodontic treatments and the impact of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as a new and appropriate adjuvant therapy, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of LLLT on IL-17 levels in gingival cervicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic treatment. Materials &

In this clinical trial study, 12 patients in need of orthodontic treatment were selected. In these patients, one side of the mouth was randomly selected for laser irradiation and the other side as a control. Diode LLL irradiation with a wavelength of 810 nm was performed throughout the gingival Cervicular on days 0, 2, 18, and 30 after orthodontic treatment. Sampling was performed on days 0, 2, 18, and 30 by placing paper points in distal, mesial, palatal, and buccal sulcus of the maxillary fifth molar on the both sides for 30 seconds. All samples were then transferred to the laboratory and IL-17 level was determined by ELISA reader. Data were analyzed using Paired t-test and One-way ANOVA.

Mean IL-17 levels at day zero (p value = 0.62) and day 2 after orthodontic treatment (p value = 0.19) were not significantly different between the control and laser treated sides, however they were significantly lower in the laser-treated group than the control group on days 18 and 30 after orthodontic treatment (p value < 0.001). The mean IL-17 levels decreased in both groups during the treatment period, but this decrease was significant on day 18.

The results of the present study indicate the therapeutic role of diode LLL in reducing inflammation, and Il-17 levels in both sides of the mouth gradually decreased over time, and this decrease was more pronounced in the laser-treated side than in the control side.

Lack of water is considered the most important threat to the survival of human beings and natural ecosystems. Food and energy security, health and industrial progress, which are the main components of the sustainable development of societies, depend on water more than anything else. Water consumption in Loshan power plant is 2600 L/MWh raw water, which is very high compared to the production capacity and is due to having a tower in its cooling system. Considering the high volume of water consumed in this power plant compared to the production efficiency and on the other hand, reducing the amount of rainfall and droughts that have occurred, it is necessary to provide a solution to modify the consumption pattern for this power plant. Considering the special position of this power plant, solutions to modify the water consumption pattern by recycling clean drains (blow down of boilers, back wash of sand filters and water sampling), purification and recycling the blow down of cooling towers into the water cycle and optimization of cooling towers (replacing drippers, replacing nozzles and optimizing water distribution to increase efficiency, using a rotating nozzle to increase the time and speed of the water droplets hitting the air in order to transfer more heat) are suggested. According to the experimental data, the conductivity of boiler blowdown is about 10 μs/cm and the expenses of recycling the blowdown of boiler by using heat exchanger is estimated about 324.425.000 Rials.

Background and Aim :

 Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans are common microorganisms that cause infection in the form of caries and candidiasis.The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal and antibacterial effects of clove extract and fluconazole solution on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.

 In this laboratory study were used Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668) and Candida albicans (ATCC 5027). Clove extract was prepared in concentrations of 6/25 -12/5 -25-50 -100. Then 10 mg of fluconazole powder was dissolved in methanol and brought to the desired volume and inoculated separately into wells in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar culture medium for Candida albicans and Mitis Salivarius Agar  for Streptococcus mutans. After 24-48 hours, the minimum inhibitory concentration and diameter of their growth inhibition zone were determined. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.

 The mean diameter of the non-growth halo of Streptococcus mutans in the vicinity of clove extract had a significant difference (p<0.001). And in fluconazole solution, no growth halo diameter was observed against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The halo diameter of Candida albicans fungus was not observed in different concentrations of clove extract. But in the solution of fluconazole, there was an average diameter of the halo of non-growth against this fungus.

Clove extract has high antibacterial activity, but no evidence of antifungal effect was found in clove extract.

 After the third molars, the maxillary canines are the most frequently impacted teeth. Sella turcica bridging (STB) can be used as a predictive factor to help orthodontists in early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between palatal canine impaction (PCI) and STB.

 In this case-control study, in available lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs of 53 patients with PCI and 53 controls with normal dentition and no impacted canines the dimensions of STB were measured and graded. Grade I (no calcification): The length of the sella is greater than ¾ of its diameter.Grade II (partial calcification): The length of the sella is equal to or less than ¾ of its diameter.Grade III (complete calcification): A separation bridge is clearly visible on the radiograph. The patients and controls were between 12 and 20 years of age. The relationship between STB and PCI was analyzed using the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Fisher’s exact test. A value of P<0.05 was considered significant.

 There was a significant relationship between STB and PCI (P<0.001). A significant relationship was also found between STB severity grade and PCI (P<0.001). The probability of the presence of Grade II STB in patients with PCI was three times higher than in those with normal dentition. The probability of the presence of Grade III STB in patients with PCI was approximately 46 times higher than in individuals with normal dentition. The length: diameter ratio of the sella turcica was not significantly different between the two groups of patients and controls. No significant relationship was found between gender and STB. 

 The relationship between STB and PCI could be used as diagnostic early indicator to confirm PCI.

One of the concerns about orthodontic treatment is the external apical root resorption(EARR).Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the rate of EARR in posterior permanent endodontically treated and vital teeth after orthodontic treatment.

This observational and retrospective study was performed on 112 roots in 28 patients in the age range of 20 to 30 referred to the orthodontic department of Isfahan Azad University who had endodontically traeted teeth on one side of the jaw and contralateral vital teeth on the opposite side. The studied roots were maxillary first and second molars roots (mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots), mandibular first and second molars roots (mesiolingual and mesiobuccal and distal). Two panoramic radiographs were taken before orthodontic treatment and at least one year after orthodontic treatment. In both radiographies, the ratio of crown length to root length was measured in the endodontically treated teeth and the contralateral vital tooth. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.

There was a significant difference in the external resorption of distal (p = 0.001) and mesial (p <0.001) roots between endodontically treated and contralateral vital teeth, but there was no significant difference between distobuccal and mesiobuccal roots of maxillary posterior permanent vital teeth (p=0.499), endodontically treated teeth (p = 0.249), mesial and distal roots of mandibular posterior permanent vital teeth (p = 0.398), endodontically treated teeth (p = 0.193).There was no significant difference in the external resorption of mesial roots of vital teeth (p. 0.075), mesial (p. 0.243) and distal (p = 0.324)roots of endodontically treated teeth between maxillary and mandibular teeth but a significant difference was observed in the distal roots in the vital teeth. (P = 0.014) and root resorption in the distal roots of the maxilla was more than the mandible.

External apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment in posterior endodontically treated teeth was lower than vital teeth.

Along with the increasing development of countries, the daily need to transport various goods and equipment and travel in general for many reasons is increasing and for this reason, the number of different types of cars has significantly increased in recent years. In this way, this issue has caused heavy traffic on highways and various roads in big cities. Various actions and approaches, including public transportation, have been taken into consideration to facilitate the traffic. However, in some cases the solution to facilitate traffic jams, especially in big cities, is to build urban tunnels. Therefore, in recent years, urban tunnels have been considered as a solution to facilitate traffic. In this regard, the study of safety in tunnels becomes very important. The aim of this article is to simulate a fire in a short tunnel with natural ventilation to consider the behavior of smoke in different scenarios of natural air flow in the tunnel. The results of CFD simulation showed that limited fire (usual small passenger cars) will not cause problems for people as well as rescue team, especially fire extinguishing.

Orthognathic surgery not only changes the appearance of the face and the occlusion, but also changes the biomechanics and force of chewing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maximum changes in byte force after orthognathic surgery in class III patients.

 

In this clinical trial study, 20 class Ш skeletal patients referred to the School of Dentistry of Isfahan Azad University in the academic year 97-98 were selected and were divided into two groups before orthognathic surgery and 3 months after orthognathic surgery. The surgical technique in these patients was 2-jaw technique (Lefort 1 and BSSO). The area of the first right maxillary molar and the left maxillary first molar were measured at two intervals before surgery and three months after surgery. The sensor was first placed on one side of the first maxillary molar, then on the other side, and vice versa. The measurements were repeated three times on each side and the highest number was recorded as the patient's MBF (Maximum bite force). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests (α = 0.05).

Mean maximum dental bite force was significantly decreased 3 months after surgery (p value < 0.001); this did not lead to a significant difference between maximum bite force and gender (p value = 0.244).

Maxillofacial surgery in class III skeletal patients reduces the byte force in 3 months after maxillofacial surgery.

In this study, in order to modify the weld structure obtained from repair welding of AZ91C magnesium alloy and improvement of tensile strength, input parameters such as current intensity and preheating temperature were optimized for this alloy. T6 heat treatment was separately done befor and after the welding to homogenize the microstructure and improvement of the mentioned properties. Using variance analysis, the accuracy of the models was checked and analyzed. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and tensile tests were used to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of the repaired parts. The results of microstructural studies showed that the samples 2 (samples that were subjected to T6 heat treatment before and after welding) had continuous precipitates which these precipitates affected the strength due to the interruption of more slip planes and creating stronger barriers in the path of dislocations, resulting the better mechanical properties as compared with samples 1 (samples that were subjected to heat treatment only after welding). Also, by plotting response surface graphs and level diagrams, the highest tensile strength for samples 1 was observed at preheating temperatures of 493 to 513 K and current intensities of 80 to 90 A, and for samples 2 at temperatures of 513 to 553 K and current intensities of 100 to 110 A.

Permeability, porosity and sedimentary facies are the main factors of reservoir characteristics. Porosity indicates the ability of a rock to store fluids. So far, many approaches including linear / nonlinear regressions have been developed to predict porosity. Neural networks have received a lot of attention in recent years, and various types of learning machines based on neural networks have been introduced. Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) is one of these networks that proven its ability, but each of these methods has disadvantages. In this research, the support vector machine (SVM) method has been used as the main method for regression and estimation of the reservoir porosity in one of the hydrocarbon reservoirs. This method has been compared with the multilayer perceptron method and the results of each have been investigated.The best way to get accurate values of physical properties of reservoir is to measure them directly in the laboratory. However, this method has disadvantages: high cost, time consuming, lack of access to the entire depth of the well. For these reasons, geologists extract core from a number of wells and from a specific range. Geologists generally use a statistical approach involving multiple linear or nonlinear regressions to relate reservoir characteristics to each other (eg, porosity and permeability). In these contexts, a linear or non-linear relationship is assumed between porosity and other reservoir characteristics. However, these techniques are insufficient for certain issues, such as heterogeneous reservoirs. Recently, geoscientists have used artificial intelligence (AI) methods, especially neural networks (NNs), to predict reservoir parameters. Neural networks have been widely used in various fields of science and engineering.To build a three-dimensional model of a reservoir, a thorough knowledge of permeability, porosity and sedimentary facies is required. Well logs and core information are local measurements that do not reflect the behavior of the reservoir as a whole. In addition, well information does not cover the entire field area, while 3D seismic information covers a larger area. Changes in lithology and fluids cause changes in amplitude, wavelet shape, coherence coefficient, and other seismic attributes. These attributes can provide information for building a repository model.The main purpose of this research is to analyze training machines developed by computer scientists to predict reservoir characteristics such as porosity in vertical and lateral directions with the help of well logs and seismic attributes. The aim is to achieve the following steps to estimate a reliable porosity model of the reservoir:Development of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to estimate the porosity using well logs.Development of a support vector machine (SVM) to estimate the porosity using well logs.Comparing the proposed methods and choosing the best.Estimation of porosity based on seismic attributes using the selected algorithm.Making a three-dimensional model of the reservoir porosity based on the training machine.As it was expected, these computational intelligence approaches overcome the weakness of the standard regression techniques. Generally, the results show that the performances of Support Vector Machine outperform that Multilayer Perceptron neural networks. In addition, Support Vector Regression (SVR) is more robust, easier and quicker to train. Therefore, it could be concluded that the use of SVM technique will be valuable and powerful for geoscientists to model the reservoir properties.

In this article, the effect of the work piece geometry and microstructure grain size on the heat treatment of 1050 steel has been investigated. For this purpose, two samples of work pieces with round (cylindrical) and square (flat) sections were considered for simulation with AC3 software. The effect of each of them was investigated on the growth of grain size in different cooling environments. Also, the hardness at the surface and depth was evaluated for both conditions. The results of the simulation show that the used software has a suitable ability to predict surface and depth hardness, grain size and the behavior of CCT parameters and cooling curves in the heat treatment of 1050 steel and this method can be used on a workshop scale and to be used in industrial applications.

TheMalocclusion or misalignment of teeth affects not only oral function but also facial esthetics and the psychological well-being of patients. In addition, obsessive-compulsive disorder is a psychological disorder associated with anxiety involving 2-2.5% of the population during their life. This study aimed to assess the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients having class I malocclusion with crowding.

In this case-control trial, Using the Yale-Brown questionnaire, femalepatients with 18-22 years old of ages having class I crowding malocclusion and referring to orthodontic department of Azad Dental school enrolled in the trial as the case group (n = 60). The participants with similar malocclusion without reference for orthodontic treatments followed up as the control group (n = 60). The obtained data by Yale-Brown questionnaire classified the obsessive-compulsive disorder in the participants into four groups of mild, fairly mild, moderate and severe levels. The results of the two groups were analyzed using the Chi-square test (p value < 0.05).

In malocclusion patients referring for orthodontic treatments, 19 (31.7%) had mild OCD; 7 (11.7%) had fairly mild OCD; 23 (38.3%) had moderate OCD and 11 (18.3%) showed severe OCD. These values were 28 (46.7%); 12 (20.0%); 15 (25.0%) and 5 (8.3%) for malocclusion patients not referring for orthodontic patients respectively. No significant differences were found among 2 groups regarding severity of OCD (p value = 0.07).

In terms of the severity of OCD, there were no significant variations between malocclusion patients with and without referring for orthodontic treatments.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by impairments in social interaction and communication with repetitive and restrictive stereotyped behavioral patterns. The Prevalence of autism has been reported to be increased in recent years. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different types of malocclusion among ASD patients in Isfahan in 2018.

In a descriptive and cross - sectional trial, 92 ASD patients were studied in the age range of 7 - 18 ye ars at the center for autism patients in Isfahan. Clinical oral examinations of patients are taken to assess the involved malocclusions (Cl I, Cl II and Cl III malocclusions) and malocclusion traits (deep bite, open bite and cross bite) by an educated dent al student under the supervision of an orthodontist under natural light. The data are reported using frequency and percentage indices

Class I malocclusion had the highest prevalence 54.3% (50) among ASD patients and the prevalence of class II and class III were found to be 19.6% (18) and 7.6% (7) respectively. The frequency of malocclusions traits of deep bite, cross bite and the open bite were 27.2% (25), 18.5% (17) and 7.6% (7) respectively. Among of the total patients, 65.2% (60) showed nor mal bite and 18/5% (17) showed Normal occlusion.

ASD patients showed class I, class II and class III malocclusions from the most to least frequency and the most frequent malocclusion traits were also deep bite, cross bite and open bite respect ively.

 One of the simplest methods to predict mesiodistal width of permanent canines and premolars is using Tanaka and Johnston’s prediction formula; however, dental size varies according to race.  The study aimed to examine the relationship between incisors mesiodistal width and mandibular first molar’s with mesiodistal width of maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars and to determine the reliability of Tanaka and Johnston prediction formula. 

 In the present cross-sectional study, 200 pairs of a dental cast of 12-25 years old were selected and the greatest mesiodistal width of canines and premolars crown in each jaw and incisors and mandibular first molars were measured with a digital caliper with 0.01 resolution. Data were analyzed using regression analysis, t-test and SPSS 22 software. (p value < 0.05)

 there was a significant statistical difference between actual width and Tanaka and Johnston prediction formula in the group under study (p value < 0.001). Moreover, a new linear equation for the prediction of mesiodistal width of maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars based on mesiodistal width of lower incisors and mandibular first molars was developed using regression analysis.

 In statistical terms, Tanaka and Johnston’s prediction formula is not applicable for the population under study because maxillary estimated measures were a little high and mandibular estimated measures were a little low.

Since orthodontic removable appliances might be infected with fungi and bacteria, they need to be cleaned using natural disinfectants and chemicals. This study aimed to compare the clinical impact of thyme essence and Fluconazole solution on the amount of Candida albicans colonies and Streptococcus mutans accumulated on the removable appliances in orthodontic patients.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 21 patients were selected who used the wear Hawley’s retainer for 24-hours. Patients were divided into three groups of seven. One group first washed the plaque with soap and water and then spray thyme essence all over it at a 5-centimeter distance (4 times on each side). In the other group, as before, the plaque was washed and from the same distance as before, the fluconazole solution (10 mg/ml) was sprayed on all surfaces 4 times. In the control group, the retainer was washed every night only with soap and water. After one month, the retainers were delivered form patients. The two samples were then separated from the Kami platelets and sent to a laboratory for microbial culture. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, T-test (α = 0.05).

The use of thyme essence increases the mean area of Candida albicans inhibition, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (p value = 0.03). The effect of Fluconazole solution on this mean area) Candida albicans inhibition zone( was not significant compared to that observed in the control group (p value = 0.5). In the group in which thyme essence was used, the mean area of Streptococcus mutans inhibition, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (p value = 0.05). When Fluconazole solution was used, the mean area of Streptococcus mutans inhibition, was not significant compared to that observed in the control group (p value = 0.071).

Compared to Fluconazole solution, thyme essence functions more effectively in increasing Candida and Streptococcus mutans inhibition zones.

The placement of orthodontic separator induces pain and discomfort in patient. Use of Nsaid for its analgesic effect is with side effects. The aim of study evaluation of the effect of low level laser therapy on pain reduction and NO level in GCF induced by separator force in orthodontic treatment.

This experimental laboratory study was performed on 30 patients in the age range of 15-35 who required placement of the separator on the right maxillary molars. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of laser and placebo. Gingival groove fluid sampling was performed on 0-3-0 days in both groups. Laser irradiation was performed on days 2 and 4, in the placebo group, the device was used off. The amount of pain was recorded by patients with a VAS questionnaire on a daily basis. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA (α = 0.05).

VAS score in laser group was more than placebo group but it wasn’t statistically different (p value = 0.067), NO level further decrease in laser group compared with placebo group but it wasn’t statistically different (p value = 0.286).

the effect of low level laser therapy on pain reduction was very low and it wasn’t statistically different.

Pressing materials in ECAP angular molds is one of the forming methods and processes that is done in order to create high strains and stiffness with microstructural improvement. Using angle forming in molds with high pressure, and due to the certation of work hardening phenomena, microstructural improvement, good mechanical properties and high flexibility can be achieved. In this paper, the quality of microstructure changes and the improvement of conditions and mechanical strength using the pressing method for aluminum alloy (6xxx) in an angular form is investigated. In this way the prepared forms have two square and circular cross sections and the samples were pressed through the angular pass only one time. The results of the studies showed that by pressing the samples, the structure was improved and uniform microstructure achieved. In the meantime, the samples with a circular cross-section showed better conditions of the effects of work hardening and structural improvement.

Introduction:

Antidepressant drugs are the most commonly prescribed classes of pharmacologic agents in the public. The drugs have been shown to have a role in the regulation of bone cell function and as a result affecting the orthodontic tooth movements. The aim of thisstudy was to determine the effect of Amitriptyline and Sertraline on the tooth movement, root resorption and alveolar bone remodeling after load application in dogs.

In this experimental study, 9 male dogs were randomly divided into three groups, first group sertraline, second group Amitriptyline and the control group (normal saline). A nickel titanium spring (200 gr) was used between second premolar and canine after 1st premolar extraction. After 2 months, the reduction of distance between 2nd premolar and canine was measured. The percentages of root resorption and bone formation were determined. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis at significance level of 0.05.

In the three groups of amitriptyline, sertraline and control, the mean of teeth movement (p value = 0.483), external root resorption (p value = 0.608), total bone mineral density (p value = 0.078), bone formation percentage (p value = 0.616) and immature and lamellar bone formation (p value = 0.083), there was no statistical difference in any group and in premolar teeth

The rate of tooth movement and the percentages of bone formation and root resorption in dogs decreased with systemic administration of amitriptyline and sertraline; although this reduction was not statistically significant in comparison with control group.

In this research Cr2O3-SiO2 and Cr2O3-TiO2 green pigments have been fabricated using a mixture of Cr2O3-SiO2 and Cr2O3-TiO2 powder by ceramic method. The samples have been homogenized using planetary mill in a solvent with a ratio of 1:4 for 5 h and then printed on the ceramic using screen printing method and heated in the industrial condition. The crystal structure of samples, the shape and the size of the particles and their optical properties have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy and CIE L*a*b* colorimetric methods. The XRD results show two-phase structure has been created in both samples. The average of crystallite size for Cr2O3-SiO2 and Cr2O3-TiO2 were measured 40 and 34 nanometers, respectively. The SEM images show that the average size of Cr2O3-SiO2 and Cr2O3-TiO2 are 290 and 143 nanometers, respectively. The physical properties of printed ceramic were investigated by SEM and colorimetric methods. The average particle size for printed samples, Cr2O3-SiO2 and Cr2O3-TiO2, on the ceramic were measured 131 and 106 nm respectively.

The effect of the amount and type of metal elements in the steel as well as its subsequent effects on microstructure and mechanical properties during the heat treatment process is a proven issue. In this paper, the effect of two important elements, carbon and manganese, on steel 1050 heat treatment, quenching, is investigated. The results of the simulation including, relation between wight percentage variation of them and the effects on surface and depth hardness and also the hardness behavior are analyzed using AC3 software. The elements used in this study were carbon and manganese (%C & %Mn), for either of them the hardness diagram and its behavior at the surface and depth have been prepared. The comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data showed relatively good adaptation. This method can be used in other steels and this software has a very good accuracy to study the effects of elements on the heat treatment of steels.

In this research, the effect of temperature and time on the properties of AISI420/SAF2507 dissimilar joint produced by transient liquid phase bonding process was investigated. A BNi-2 interlayer with 25 μm thickness was inserted between two dissimilar steel samples. The bonding process was performed at 1050 oC and 1100 oC for different bonding times. The microstructures of the joints were studied using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Microhardness and tensile shear strength of bonded samples were investigated. Isothermal solidification was completed for the joints bonded at 1050 oC and 1100 oC for 45 min and 30 min, respectively. ASZ and ISZ areas of the bonding zone at the bonding temperature of 1050 oC indicated the highest (520 HV) and the lowest (300 HV) microhardness values, respectively. Sample bonded at 1050 oC for 1 min indicated the lowest tensile strength (196 MPa) and sample bonded at 1100 oC for 60 min indicated the highest tensile strength (517 MPa).

Nowadays, aluminum and its alloys have extensive applications in marine and aerospace industrious owing to their excellent properties. Among these alloys, 5xxx series of aluminum alloys have also excellent corrosion resistance, high toughness and strength and also good weldability. Decrease in yield strength and also tensile strength due to the grain growth in the heat affected zone is of the main problems in the welding of these series of Al alloys. In this research work, gas tungsten arc weld joints in two modes i. e. direct current and pulsed current were compared in order to study the effect of this parameter on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of weld joints. Also, the effect pulsed current parameters such as peak current and basic current were investigated. Microstructural evolutions and fracture surfaces of weld joints were examined by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively. It was found that the fracture behavior of all joints is in a ductile manner. Also, tensile test and electrochemical polarization were conducted in order to study the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of weld joints.