فهرست مطالب مهدی قادری

Today, the population of most countries is growing exponentially. Countries whose main economic dependence is on oil production. This issue, along with the lack of a rational management system for increasing fuel consumption, groundwater resources and it has seriously threatened the environment in industrial hubs (Ghaderi et al., 2019). Of the various compounds of water pollutants that enter water sources mainly through raw wastewater and its effluents, phenolic compounds are of special importance and can even enter water sources naturally (Ghaderi et al., 2019; Ghaderi et al., 2020). Nitrophenol, a member of the phenolic family of pollutants, is a carcinogen and is known for its many adverse effects on humans and aquatic animals. In recent decades, chemical reduction of nitro phenolic compounds has been widely reported as an advanced removal method for such hazardous dyes from reservoirs (Din et al., 2020). Nitrophenols, which are toxic, inhibitory, and biodegradable organic compounds, are widely used in the chemical industry to make pesticides, dyes, and drugs, and are often found in the effluents of industrial wastewater treatment plants. (Ma et al., 2000).

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), as emerging phenomena in response to the inefficiency of the private and public sectors and the requirements of the development discourse in the second half of the 20th century, have expanded and today, they play an undeniable role in participatory development and democracy as one of the most important actors of civil society. In this context, this article aims to study the non-governmental organizations in Marivan through the statements have published by these organizations during the last decade. The theoretical statement of the subject is formulated by referring to the theories of civil society, social capital, and the theory of new social movements. this study has been carried out in a documentary way using the content analysis technique. The unit of analysis consists of the statements published by several NGOs in Marivan between 2012 and 2021. According to the findings, most of the statements were published collectively and jointly, and the environmental, scientific, social, and cultural NGOs had the highest contribution in it. "Environment", "women" and "civil society" are the topics that have the most importance and priority for NGOs. The tone of the statements shows a demanding (critical) position from government institutions and playing an enlightened role towards society. Another important result of this article is the predominance of identity politics and in other words the politicization of NGOs affected by Kurdish identity. It can be argued that Marivan's NGOs have been able to fulfill the roles and functions expected from civil society organizations properly.

The aim of this research is to interpret the consequences of informal economic from the perspective of the actors involved in this phenomenon. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, observation and document review. Through purposeful sampling method 55 key informants (including Kolbers wholesalers, retailers and drivers) were interviewed to achieve theoretical saturation. The collected data were coded and analyzed in the form of 6 main categories: normativity of abnormality, deep dependency, and relative security, metamorphosis of traditional and indigenous culture, risky space and diffusion of disorder. The results indicate that informal economic is a phenomenon or social reality that reflects the limitations of official employment resources, inefficiency of the institution of economy, centralized development policy, and the perception of boundary as a threat rather than an opportunity. Regardless of economic interpretations, this phenomenon has socio-cultural dimensions formed out of diverse perceptions and lived experiences and the meaning of its consequences has actually been the expansion of “inharmonious development and the crisis-ridden life structure”. In other words, although the expansion of the informal economy my lead to economic benefits and bring relative satisfaction to economic actors, The dispersion of social, cultural, security and environmental consequences and challenges creates an anomic atmosphere and a crisis-ridden life structure in the border regions.  

Many lamprophyric dykes' outcrops are found in Azerbaijan (in the northwest of Iran). These dykes which were the subject of many studies are including camptonite dykes in Misho Mountain, kersantite dykes of Goye-Poshti Mountain of Maragheh, camptonite and sannaite dykes in Horand, minette dykes of Varzeghan, minette dykes of Marand, minette dykes of Khoy, and minette dykes of Saray volcano. For the first time, Amel (1994) reported the occurrence of lamprophyre in the Monavvar region. According to him, this lamprophyre is spessartite and has Calc-alkaline affinities. In this study, we performed a detailed petrographic study of this lamprophyre. Besides, by using clinopyroxene mineral chemistry and whole rock chemistry, we try to investigate the petrogenesis of these lamprophyres from different aspects.

General geology:

Monavvar region is located in the east Azerbaijan province of Iran. Monavvar region is a part of the Alborz-Azarbaijan zone. Field observations show two spessartite dykes intruded in the andesitic lavas of the studied region. The age of andesitic lava and spessartite dykes is Plio-Quaternary because the andesitic lava intruded in Pliocene pyroclastic lava. Spessartite has a blackish-brown color in the hand specimens.

Petrography:

The main petrographic texture of these lamprophyres is the Porphyry texture. The major minerals are plagioclase microliths (10-15 volume %), orthoclase (5-10 volume %), hornblende phenocrysts with burnt rim (40-50 volume %), clinopyroxene (>20 volume %), and biotite (10-15 volume %). The accessory minerals include zircon, sphene, and apatite. The plagioclase has higher content than orthoclase and both of these minerals could be seen only as microlith. Regarding the nomenclature scheme of Le Maître (2002), these features indicate that these lamprophyres are spessartite.

Mineral Chemistry:

The mineral chemistry of amphibole shows a magnesio-hastingsite composition. However, biotite is phlogopite-eastonite and feldspars are orthoclase and oligoclase in composition.

Mineral chemistry of clinopyroxene studies The clinopyroxenes are in the field of Quad in the Q-J diagram and diopside in the En-Fs-Wo diagram. According to the AlVI+2Ti+Cr-AlIV+Na diagram for clinopyroxenes, Monavvar spessartite has occurred in almost the stable and low oxygen fugacity status.  Based on Soesoo (1997), the clinopyroxenes were crystalized under 1100-1200 ℃ and 2-6 kbar. The chemical composition of clinopyroxenes indicates subduction-related volcanic arcs and within-plate tholeiitic environments.

Whole rock geochemistry of Monavvar spessartite:

Most lamprophyre samples are plotted in the trachybasalt field on the total alkali (K2O+Na2O) versus silica (Si2O) classification diagram. They show alkali basalt composition on the Zr/Ti2O-Nb/Y plot.  K2O-Si2O diagram classified them as calc-alkaline lamprophyres.

REE Geochemistry:

In the spider diagram of studied samples, Nb and Ti show a distinctive negative anomaly, and U, La, K, Th, and Ba show a positive anomaly. HFSEs depletion and LILEs enrichment of samples are characteristics of shoshonitic and calc-alkaline magma. Negative Nb and Ti anomalies could be a result of Ti-bearing mineral segregation or high oxygen fugacity. LILEs enrichment could indicate that aqueous fluid is present during magma-forming processes or crustal contamination during magma evolution. Y depletion could happen as a result of amphibole segregation.   All samples show highly fractionated steep REE patterns which means a distinctive enrichment of LREEs relative to HREEs. LREEs enrichment occurs as a result of small degrees of magma partial melting. However, this feature is a character of shoshonitic and calc-alkaline magma. The REE pattern of Monavvar spessartite does not show an Eu anomaly. In the basic rocks, concurrent crystallization of amphibole and plagioclase caused a lack of Eu anomaly.

Tectonic setting of Monavvar Spessartites;

Based on the Zr-Y diagram and Nb-Zr-Ce/P2O5 diagram, Monavvar spessartites are ascribed to an arc-related tectonic setting.

Petrogenesis of Monavvar Spessartites:

Based on the whole rock composition of Monavvar spessartite, Ni=68-92 ppm, Co=1-23 ppm, Cr=59-125 ppm, and Mg#=25-32%. These values mean the lamprophyres could not be considered as the primary magma, but probably they are very close to the primary magma composition. On the other hand, on Dy/Yb-La/Yb diagram, the samples are scattered in the field of garnet-bearing mantle zone. Similarly, the La/Yb-La diagram indicates the garnet presence in the source peridotite, in addition to the 5-15 % of mantle peridotite partial melting for producing Monavvar spessartite melt.

Geodynamics of Monavvar region:

According to Rock (1991), petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical investigations revealed M6 and M7 magmas for the Monavvar spessartites. M6 was produced by contamination of primary magma by mantle elements and M7 was produced by crustal contamination of primary magma. By considering this, the function of strike-slip dextral faults in Azerbaijan (northwest of Iran) could be responsible for Monavvar spessartites formation. Due to the mentioned faults function, transcurrent basins are made across the faults. Transcurrent basins caused low partial melting degrees of the metasomatized lithospheric mantle and produced alkaline basic magma. Contamination of this magma in different depths could form spessartite magma.

Informal trading activities in border regions are inherently risky and challenging. Special rules and methods are needed to deal with the dangers and challenges of this phenomenon and to continue these activities. This study aimed to investigate how activists in the Saqqqez and Baneh border regions continue their informal trading activities and how they deal with the risks involved. Data were collected using the ethnographic method, interviews, and observation techniques. Through the purposive sampling method, 55 key informants, including kulbars, wholesalers, retailers, and drivers, were interviewed to achieve theoretical saturation. Based on respondents’ comments, the following 10 key categories were identified: Use of natural and environmental features as a means of escape; reliance on personal skills and abilities; group support and integration; innovation and creativity; use of strategic tricks; compromise with police; sociocultural legitimacy of the commodity; instrumental use of religious beliefs; personal profit and speculation; forced resistance; and use of violence. The analysis of the results showed that these tricks, which could be called “strategies for the survival and continuation of informal trading activities in border regions”, are the result of lived experiences, socio-economic conditions, the natural structure of border regions, and available resources and facilities; therefore, they provide opportunities for activists and increase their resilience to the possible consequences of risks

Saray volcano is an extinct volcano and is located in the east of Urmia Lake. This volcano mainly consists of Leucititic lava flows and their related pyroclastic materials forming a Sequence which repeated more than five times. Leucite phonolitic dykes, Lamprophyric (Minette, Monchiquite and Spessartite) lavas and dykes, Trachytic domes and dykes, Syenitic dykes and a small syenitic stock are other rock types of Saray volcano. Since clinopyroxene is present in all rock types of this volcano, mineral chemistry study of clinopyroxenes in all rock types of Saray volcano, could help us to explain the relationship between different rock types. Clinopyroxenes of Saray volcano have diopside, salite and fassaite compositions. The majority of studied clinopyroxenes crystallize under 3-4 kb pressure and 1150 centigrade temperature. Tectono-magmatically speaking, these clinopyroxenes were mostly formed within plate basalts. Although the composition of rock types of Saray volcano is very different, almost constant composition of clinopyroxene in all rock types, show the same origin for all clinopyroxenes. However, it can be concluded that all rock types have the same origin.

Nowadays performance evaluation is necessary for selecting a proper combination of all the supply chain resources in the best possible way, to provide products and services in the market. One approach for measuring the supply chain efficiency is the data envelopment analysis (DEA), which involves the use of past and present inputs and outputs to evaluate the supply chain performance. Therefore, the outcome of the DEA evaluation is not suitable for providing a benchmark for the future. Hence, managers are not able to improve the activities of their subset by using the results of DEA model directly. For this purpose, we forecasted the data of the units under evaluation using system dynamics simulation and then we presented a proper model to formulate strategies for improving performance using the proposed DEA model. Finally, we implemented the designed algorithm in the milk industry of Fars province (Iran), and proper strategies for improving the efficiency of this industry were developed.

The Saray volcano is located on the East of the Urmia Lake. This extinct stratovolcano mainly consists of Leucitite lavas and related pyroclasts. Dykes with composition of Leucite phonolite, Lamprophyre, Trachyte and microsyenite intruded into leucitite. Field evidences indicate that minette and trachytic dykes intruded into each other. A microsyenitic stock and dykes outcrops in the central valley of this volcano. The trachytic pyroclasts eruption is the last activity of the Saray volcano and probably caused the destruction of volcanoe’s caldera and formed its current shape. Leucitites maimly consist of leucite and clinopyroxene phonocrysts, minettes consist of biotite and clinopyroxene phenocrysts and trachytes consist of biotite, sanidine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts. The Saray magmatism has potassic to ultrapotassic nature and its geochemical features indicate that this magma should be originated from a micaceous garnet clinopyroxenite mantle. The coexistance of leucitite, lamprophyre and trachyte, could not be explained only by the function of fractional crystallization in leucitite magma. Sanidine is the most abundant feldspar in the Saray volcano. Sanidine megacrysts crystalize in a medium size magma chamber with continuing temperature cycling, so that the magma temperature remains close to the liquidus temperature of the K-feldspar for a long time.

According to published reports, Kurdistan province has experienced positive growth in recent years; Divorce rates have almost quadrupled over the past two decades (from 1996 to 2016), and divorce rates in some of its cities (such as Sanandaj and Saqez) have often been higher than the national average. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis and explanation of the changes and fluctuations of divorce in Kurdistan province, especially in the last decade (1996-2016). The research method of the present study was documentary and based on the secondary analysis of the census data of the Statistics Center of Iran and the statistical yearbooks of the Record Organization of the Recent Decade (2006-2016). The statistical population of this study was the whole of Kurdistan province, which includes ten cities. Comparison of divorce statistics among the cities of the province shows that the increasing trend of divorce has not gone smoothly and has been accompanied by fundamental fluctuations. Also, divorce in rural areas has been growing exponentially and, like urban areas, has been on the rise. According to the age groups studied, the highest number of divorces registered among women was in the age group of 24-20 years and among men in the age group of 29-25 years. In general, it can be argued that the increasing growth of divorce in this province has led to the transformation of the family institution, which on the one hand has relatively good achievements for members of society (especially women) and on the other hand, social, psychological and psychological damage. There have even been countless economic ones.

The selection and appointment of qualified managers is one of the most important organizational issues and in order to identify and select the most suitable people, criteria are needed for qualified and qualified people to take over organizational positions. The purpose of this study is to determine the model and the components and competency indicators of the managers of the VIP protection unit of Iran Police.

This research is descriptive-correlational in nature and quantitative in terms of research method. The method of data collection is field and library and the data collection tool is a questionnaire and documents. The statistical population of the study was NAJA staff and the statistical sample was information security staff and 30 people were selected by non-random-purpose sampling method from experts to design the model and 156 people were selected by simple random sampling method with Cochran's formula to test the model. In order to analyze the data, LISREL 8.5 software was used.

The research findings showed that in the VIP protection competency model, there are five competencies: organizational, communication, technical and specialized, behavioral, psychological and perceptual, and each of these competencies has its own special components and has a total of 27 components.

Organizational competency component with six indicators, communication competency component with four indicators, technical-professional competency component with four indicators, behavioral-psychological competency component with eight indicators, perceptual competency component with five indicators were identified. In competence of organization, the most effective component with a factor load of 0.96 and perceptual competence has the least effective component with a factor load of 0.69 in the pattern of character protection.

The present descriptive-analytic research uses the semantic model (Antonano, 1999 and 2002) and the semantic network of perception verbs (Afrashi & Asgari, 1396) to describe and analyze the polysemy of the perception verb “see”. For this purpose, the meanings of the verb “see” in Persian were compiled using Dehkhoda dictionary, Moein dictionary, and Persian language databases. At this stage, 4500 sentences were used from the Persian language database, classified on the basis of extended meanings. Analyzes of this paper, which take more into account the capabilities of the human senses and the way we perceive the world around us, show that 'embodiment' is the source of the metaphorical conceptualization and semantic extension of 'see'. The polysemy of “see” is the result of the interaction of the semantic content of the verb with other elements of the sentence level. The findings of this study are in line with Antonano (1999) and Afrashi and Asgari (1396). There were also cases that Antonano (1999 and 2002) did not mention. On the other hand, the findings of this study are in line with the ideas of Antonano (2002), Evans & Wilkins (2000), and Koveceses, (2005) that have challenged Sweetser's (1990) idea of the “universality of the semantic extension of perception verbs”.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the general population, which disappointment is the main cause of it, and can lead to addiction. Therefore, by identifying all affecting factors and, all conditions needed to prevent addiction can be provided.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of depression and disappointment and their relationship with Substance addiction tendency among high school students in Divandareh city in 2018.

This is a cross-sectional study. All high school students in Divandareh city included in this study. The sample size was 370 people according to the Morgan table. The sampling method was stratified and the tools were the Beck standard Depression and disappointment Questionnaires and the substance abuse questionnaire. Exclusion criteria included disinclination to participate in the study or incorrect completion of the questionnaires. Data were analyzed by T-test, Spearman correlation and Chi-square tests.

370 students were included in this study. The prevalence of disappointment in the study was 66%, On the other hand 265 of students had low depression, 79 had moderate depression and 26 students had high levels of depression. There was a significant relationship among disappointment and GPA (P=0.012), economic status (P=0.006) and smoking history in students (P<0.001). Also depression had a significant relationship with age (P=0.009) and gender (P=0.032) as well.

Depression and disappointment play an important role in quality of life and predict addiction tending in adolescents. And that students studied need more mental health services overall.

1.Introduction Social capital is one of the concepts that has attracted the attention of theorists of various research fields in the last two decades. Despite the increasing growth of social capital literature in various research fields, one of the most important challenges in this area is that the researchers are not paying attention to social capital studies for the adolescent generation and its effects on health. Most research in this area has studied social capital relations in the school environment and its effects on academic achievement and social adjustment. Among the most important shortcomings in this regard is the lack of appropriate scales along with precise measures for assessing social capital among the adolescent generation. Due to the lack of scales and tools for assessing social capital for the adolescent generation, the purpose of this study is to translate and determine the validity and reliability of Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students (SCQ-AS). In fact, Paiva et al. (2014) conducted its design, construction and validation for the adolescent students in Brazil. The main question of the present research is whether the Persian translation of the questionnaire has adequate validity and reliability for Iranian adolescent students. 2. Theoretical Framework
The study of theoretical approaches to social capital in the field of health indicates that social capital plays a key role in the health and well-being of individuals. By social capital in the field of health, we mean "the measures taken by the society in an effort to stimulate and mobilize policy makers to allocate resources for a specific purpose, such as the development of health promoting social infrastructures” (Abel, 2007, pp 51- 50). In this regard, Lin (2001) argues that social capital contributes to mental health. In his view, receiving approval and obtaining social credibility can lead to self-esteem in individuals in such a way as that protects the person from stress and maintains their balance, thereby enhancing the mental health and life satisfaction (Lin, 2001). From Putnam's point of view, there are four reasons why social capital and health are related: (1) Social networks offer financial help to peopleto reduce stress; 2) The networks reinforce health and health standards; 3) Better networks can ask for more suitable health services; (4) Evolution and social activities make the defense system of the body more active (Putnam, 2000). In general, theoretically, social capital can be to the benefit of the health of individuals in several ways: (a) Social capital contributes to a growing dissemination of information leading to health improvement (Kawachi & Berkman, 2000; McKenzie, 2006); b) In order to provide psychological support to individuals, social capital is able to create opportunities that tend to reduce stress and improve health (Kawachi & Berkman, 2001); (c) Social capital is often inclined toward more political organizations, which results in the allocation of more health resources for a region. Health resources further and improve access to health care and thus improve health (Kawachi & Berkman, 2000). 3. The research method in this paper was a cross-sectional survey. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in Saghez. At first, based on the cluster sampling, the relevant schools were selected and then, based on systematic random sampling, a sample size of 300 students (160 boys and 140 girls) was selected. The validity of the content of the questionnaire was determined through the experts' agreement, and its construct validity was determined through a confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling. The reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire were also determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.19 software and LISREL 8.8 software. 4.Results The results of this study show that internal coordination for each of the subscales as well as the overall scale of the situation is favorable. The validity and internal consistency of this questionnaire and the proximity of its results with the results of the main study (the total alpha coefficient calculated in the original study was 0.71%) suggest that the translation process of the present tool has been properly conducted and that it is of good comprehensibility. Hence, on the one hand, the respondents have not faced basic ambiguity when answering the questions. On the other hand, the items and factors of this scale have been insensitive to ethnic and cultural issues. This can be considered as a distinctive feature of the tool. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis based on the structural equation modeling (RMSEA = 0.038) is also consistent with the results of the study by Paiva et al. (2014), the four-factor structure of the questionnaire, including coherence in school, intimacy in school, social cohesion in the neighborhood, trust in school and neighborhood, was endorsed. As a result, none of the items in the survey questionnaire was deleted. In other words, there was a relationship between the content of the items from the point of view of the subjects and the factors related to each item. 5.Conclusion In this paper, after translating and doing preparatory work with the aim of evaluating the validity and reliability of the Persian version among Iranian students, it became clear that the scale has the following benefits: 1) Concise, clear and short questions; 2) Emphasis on important and determining dimensions of social capital (such as coherence and intimacy in school, social cohesion in the neighborhood, and trust in the environment of schools and neighborhoods); and (3) The suitable adaptation of the questions in the questionnaire for Iranian adolescents and students. Its proper validity and reliability implies that this scale has the potential to become a practical guide for assessing the level of health among teenage students. Accordingly, the application of this scale is particularly important for conducting epidemiological studies, especially the studies on social capital and its effects on risk factors or health components among adolescent students. In order to overcome its shortcomings, it is suggested that the validity and reliability of this scale be examined in further studies by other researchers among wider samples in different parts of the country.

Packaging, distribution and hatchery of the cracked in eggshell are always big challenges in egg industries. Due to the high volume of the egg production in the world, sorting eggs with cracks in the shell is so important. In this study, cracks in sell eggs are detected by using their electrical conductivity. In this study, 203 Hy-line eggs, including 48 micro-cracks egg were used. Since there is no measurement technique for detecting eggshell crack, 100 crack eggs were selected, and have been examined by expertise. Among them, 48 eggs with micro-cracks were selected and tested. For this purpose, dielectric constant and loss factor of eggs were measured between 40 KHz to 20MHz. These coefficients are then used as input matrix of classifiers, which are artificial neural network and support vector machine. 50% of data allocated for testing included 75 intacts eggs and 26 micro-cracks eggs. Both of the classifiers, Neural network and support vector machine, were detected cracks in shell eggs with 100% accuracy and 1 Kappa statistic.

Chronic diseases are one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in this age. Adopting a healthy lifestyle is one of the best ways to cope whit these types of diseases. The aim of this research was to study The structural – capital determinants of healthy lifestyle among patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) before the disease. The research method is a  survey and regarding time, it is cross-sectional. The sample size was 412 patients (including 239 men and 173 women). The results of "Structural Equation Modeling" showed that the collected data, the structural model with exogenous variables "socioeconomic status", "life condition" and "health relevant capital" confirmed to an acceptable extent.  The total effect of these three variables on a healthy lifestyle was equal to 0.46. In other words, 0.46 of healthy lifestyle changes the among patients can be explained by these three variables and 0.54 of unexplained variance is related to the variables out of the equation.

Predator ladybird, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and the armored-scale ladybeetle, Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) are important predators of Diaspididae and Eriococcidae families in Iran. Application of mineral oils are among chemical methods to control mealybugs which are more compatible with the environment and relatively quickly are destroyed in the environment and the risk of secondary pest resistance in regards with these compounds is very low. In this study, the effect of Volk oil® on adult and different larval stages of C. montrouzieri and C. bipustulatus was evaluated on citrus leaves in orchard conditions. Ladybeetles were released and then sprayed with Volk oil at the concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5 percent and water (control) was carried out and after 24 hours the number of dead and alive insects were determined.. The results showed that there were significant differences between the effects of different concentrations on life stages of both ladybirds at 5% level. The concentration 1.5% had the highest mortality rate, as 92.16±1.11and 96.83±1.24 percent on the 1st larval stage of C. montrouzieri and C. bipustulatus ladybirds, respectively. Based on the results and compared with the evaluation criteria of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), mortality rate caused by 1 and 0.5% concentrations of Volk oil in most age stages for both predators were placed in the second group of side effect ranking (Moderately Harmful).

Separation of fertile and infertile eggs is a major concern of the poultry industry. If this separation is done at the early days of the incubation period, less space will be occupied in the incubator resulting in improved capacity and efficiency. Dielectric constant and loss factor were used in this study to detect infertile Hy-line eggs. In this study, 126 eggs were selected and their dielectric properties were measured on the third day of incubation. On the fifth day, it was detected that there were 112 fertile and 14 infertile eggs. Data were then analyzed by Weka software using artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Results showed that, on the third day of incubation, SVM and ANN successfully detected infertile and fertile eggs with 100% accuracy. Detecting the fertile egg by using electrical conductivity is a non-destructive method and is also more accurate than image processing, signal processing and PCR methods.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major nosocomial pathogens with a vast antibiotic resistance and great ability in adaptation with environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance and bacterial detection using Exotoxin A (ETA) and algD genes in patients with burns wound infection.
In this study, 188 samples were evaluated with standard bacteriological methods. After antibiotic resistance evaluation with disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer), specific primers for detection of algD and ETA genes among bacterial isolate were used. All data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Findings: From 188 taken samples, 91 isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibiotic resistance rate for cefotaxime, cefepime, amikacin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem were 80 (87.9%), 77 (84.6%), 69 (75.8%), 67 (73.6%), 66 (72.6%), 63 (69.2%), 62 (68.2%) and 53 (58.2%), respectively. The prevalence of algD and ETA genes were 88 (96.7%) and 79 (87.0%), respectively.
The high prevalence of algD and ETA genes among burns wound infections demonstrates the increase in pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and problems with burn wound infection treatment. Therefore, accurate and rapid diagnosis of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be useful in taking proper strategy for prevention and treatment of such infections.

Acinetobacter baumanniii is a highly antibiotic-resistant nosocomial opportunistic pathogen possess. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic-resistance pattern and detect the molecular frequency of aphA6 and aadB genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients in intensive care unit (ICU).
In this cross-sectional study, 58 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected from ICU patients in Imam Reza hospital, Kermanshah, Iran, were confirmed using standard bacteriological tests. Disc diffusion method was deployed for screening resistant isolates. The prevalence of aphA6 and aadB genes was assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with specific primers.
Findings: The highest antibiotic resistance rates were seen in ticarcilin (87.9%) and ceftazidime (86.2%) and the lowest was of polymyxin B (12.1%). Of 58 Acinetobacter isolates, 36 (62.1%) and 9 (15.5%) harbored aphA6 and aadB genes, respectively. In addition, 5 isolates (8.6%) harbored both genes and 18 isolates (31.3%) were negative for any of those genes.
80% of Acinetobacter isolates showed resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Considering the high rates of antibiotic resistance to this category and other investigated antibiotics in this study, it seems necessary to precise on the use of antibiotics such as polymyxin B to treat the infections caused by this pathogen.

Healthy lifestyle as one of the most important measures to achieve health and wellbeing, is influenced by various factors, among which, having access to variety of health- related capitals, especially “health- related cultural capital” is particularly important. “Health-related cultural capital” refers to all culture-based resources that are available to people in order to employ in favor of their health. These recourses have a determining role in preventing and fighting chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of health-related cultural capital and its various aspects on healthy lifestyle among coronary artery patients .
A cross sectional survey study was applied.. The statistical population included individuals suffering from coronary artery diseases, aged over 50 years who were referred to Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center for treatment from January to June 2015. Using convenience sampling, 412 patients in 4 different wards (i.e. men internal ward, women internal ward, Diplomat and VIP) participated in this study. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity and its reliability was assessed by the Cronbach's Alpha test which was equal to 0.914 for the variable “healthy lifestyle” and 0.862 for the variable “health-related cultural capital”. Data reduction was carried out via exploratory factor analysis. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software applying appropriate statistical tests such as the Independent Sample t Test, the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and Path Analysis.
Findings: The descriptive findings showed that based on the total lifestyle scale, the healthy lifestyle status of the patients, before being afflicted by the disease, was lower than average.. Among various aspects of lifestyle, aspect of “Abstinence from tobacco and alcohol” was in the “desirable” state. However, aspect of “exercise and physical activity” was in the “undesirable” state. All other aspects were in the “average” state . The results of the Independent Sample t Test showed that there were statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the variables “Objective Health-related Cultural Capital” and “Institutional Health-related Cultural Capital” in terms of gender. That is, the mean scores of men were higher than the mean scores of women. Nonetheless, there was no statistically significant difference between men and women with regard to the variable “Incorporated Health-related Cultural Capital”. The results of the Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that there was a positive and significant statistical relationship between health-related aspects of cultural capital and aspects of healthy lifestyle. Moreover, the results of the path analysis showed that 0.624 percent of the lifestyle changes can be explained by changes in three aspects of health-related cultural capital. Finally, among the three aspects of health-related cultural capital, the aspect of “incorporated health-related cultural capital” , withthe highest coefficient (0.460), was the most important predictor of the healthy lifestyle.
Cultural Resources are one of the most important factors determining the actions of individuals and it is also a basic prerequisite for the behavioral orientation of agents in structural environments. These resources, through the process of socialization, create behavior and tastes of people in various socio-economic status and from different generation. That is, the appropriate lifestyles will be created for that social class or generation. Promoting health-related cultural resources (such as knowledge, skills, values, norms, equipment and health promoting facilities , etc.) are considered the key elements in the production and reproduction of healthy lifestyles. Consequently, it leads to a reduction in socio-cultural inequalities in health domain in a way that prevention and fight against chronic diseases (i.e. heart disease, cancer, diabetes, etc.) will be provided for most actors in different (individual and collective) levels.

The protoliths of metamorphosed argillaceous rocks from the Garmichay area in the East Azerbaijan province of NW Iran were clayrich sediments of reworked nature, originating most likely from an andesite to andesite-basalt source and deposited in an active continental margin tectonic setting. The protoliths of the Garmichay metapelites experienced low to moderate chemical weathering. Andalusite, cordierite, biotite, and muscovite are produced due to metamorphism under low-pressure and medium-temperature conditions. Cordierite throughout the whole assemblages is altered to the pseudomorphs pinite. Some rock samples contain both andalusite and altered cordierite as porphyroblasts, whereas others contain only andalusite or altered cordierite. Pressure and temperature estimates indicate that pressure for metamorphism was in the range 1-2.5 kbar with temperature between 500-600C. Major oxides abundance show similar values in all analyzed samples, while concentration of some minor elements, especially zinc, show meaningful differences in rocks with different metamorphic mineral assemblages. The variations in the abundance of these minor elements may have played important role in the control of the mineral assemblages present.

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social capital in healthy lifestyle promotion among people with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).
Background. Social capital, one of the social determinants of health, plays an important role in promoting healthy lifestyle among people. Due to increasing incidence of CAD, research is needed about social capital and its relationship with healthy lifestyle among people with CAD.
Method. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 412 patients with CAD, including 239 men and 173 women, in 4 different wards (i.e. men and women internal wards, Diplomat and VIP wards) in Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center from January 2015 to June 2015. Data were collected by demographic characteristic form, Miyamoto et al. social capital questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire of healthy lifestyle. Validity and reliability were confirmed by content analysis and Cronbach's alpha methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS with appropriate statistical tests.
Findings. There was a statistically significant difference between social capital in terms of gender (p=0.015). A statistically ssignificant correlation was found between social capital and healthy lifestyle (r=0.418, PConclusion. Social capital and its components have positive and important effects on healthy lifestyle and its subscales. It is necessary to emphasize community-based programs, such as strengthening social capital in the society to prevent and control chronic diseases, especially heart disease.