مهدی محمد علیخانی

In the decades, with the advent of technology and integrated management municipal solid waste, the methods such as recycling, biological treatment, heat treatment and sanitation have been used. The sanitary landfill method is considered as one of the strategies in the integrated waste management hierarchy and is more common and less costly than other disposal methods. The purpose of this research to identify the environmental problems and environmental risks the place of landfill residue of Tonekabon city is the RASCAL method. This approach is used to assess the risk of landfills that are not so large and it has been used to determine the risk of groundwater contamination and gas accumulation and factors that have a greater impact on the pollution of the two factors. According to RASCAL and AHP, the leachate collection system criterion, has the greatest impact on the risk of groundwater contamination. In the context of the risk of gas accumulation, the criterion of the type of waste and the type of gas produced has the highest weight and therefore has the greatest impact on the increased risk of gas accumulation. The calculated risk for groundwater pollution is modest and the risk of accumulation of gas at the landfill site is low. Since the depth of the groundwater table in this place is more than 22 meters, and its distance from the consumer is more than two kilometers, but because of the source near the landfill, the risk of groundwater pollution in this area is high.

Study of dietetic diet of Psettodes erumei dandelion on the coast of Sistan province In the Oman Sea, 173 samples were taken at the time before Manson and after Manson in 2011 In this regard, nutritional factors like Determination of food priority index, empty stomach filling and relative length of the intestine were investigated. The gastric emptying index (CV) was found in all the examined samples This fish is a medium with moderate nutrition. It was also determined by the time of the analysis of this index that This fish is a species with moderate nutrition. It was also determined by the time of this index This species has a moderate nutrition before and after the manson. The Indicator Length Index (RLG) for this species indicates that the spittoon fish is a part of the carnivorous fish, and its diet includes: fish, shrimp Crab, Scalo, Marine Tetaya, Fish eggs, Worm, etc. Fat preferences were obtained for 88% of fish, 8% for crustaceans, 2% for shellfish and 2% for other fish. Fish, therefore, was recognized as the main source of dental plaque. Investigating the relationship between length and weight showed that the growth of this fish with allometric growth factor (26.23 b) was. Also, the male sex ratio was 1.22: 0.78.

In the present study, the effect of dried purslane (Portulaca oleracea) extract was evaluated on some growth indices, and carcass quality and intestinal microbial flora in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. For this purpose, 600 rainbow trout fry with an average weight of 3.30 ± 0.1 grams in a completely randomized design with 5 levels including 0% (control, T0), 0.5% (T1), 1% (T2), 1.5% (T3), and 2% (T4), dried purslane extract/kg of feed, and three replicates in 15 tanks of plastic 300 liters (40 fish/tank). Sampling of fish in treatments after 60 days of the experiment period was performed randomly. After sampling, some growth indices were measured such as final weight and length, feed conversion ratio (FCR), body weight percentage (BWP), specific growth ratio (SGR), condition factor (CF), survival rate (SR), protein precipitation in the body, the protein efficiency ratio, intestinal microbial flora and carcass quality. The results of this study showed that dried extract of purslane at 1% level increased body weight and reduced feed conversion ratio compared to other treatments (p <0.05).  The survival rate of fry in the treatment of 0.5% increased compared to other treatments (p <0.05). Also, the condition factor decreased significantly in 2% dried purslane extract. The treatments showed that dried purslane extract at 1% level is suitable for improving the growth performance of rainbow trout. The carcass protein content in all treatments increased except 2% dried purslane extract (P <0.05). The amount of carcass fat in all experimental treatments decreased significantly (p <0.05) in the control treatment, especially in the treatment of 1.5% drird purslane extract (P <0.05). The carcass moisture content was respectively treatments of 0.5% and 0% dried purslane extract that were higher than other treatments (p <0.05). Also, the amount of carcass ash in treatments with 1.5% and 2% dried purslane extract was higher than other treatments (p <0.05). The other positive results of dried purslane extract were increased intestinal bacteria in 1% treatment (P <0.05). Overall, the results of this study show that a 1% dried puslane extract in combination with food can be used to improve the growth performance and improve nutritional efficiency in aquatic animals.

In this study, for determining the effects of Glyphosate (Roundup) herbicide on certainsanguine factor of Salmon weighing 150-200 grams under qualitative stable conditions of water, in 4 treatments of 30 (three experimental group and one control treatment with three replicates) in a concentration of 25, 50and 75 percent LC50 96h have used. Over the experiments some factors like:  pH, hardness, water temperature and dissolved oxygen which were measured respectively between 7-8.4 mg/l, 22±1 degree centigrade, above 7 PPM. The experiment duration was for 10 days and every 5 day sampling applied. Results from histological pathology It also showed that the liver and gills were in the presence of glyphosate poison It leads to symptoms such as hyperemia, cellular atrophy, bile duct, necrosis, Cloudy swelling and sinusoidal space in the liver and hyperemia, hyperplasia, necrosis, Primary and secondary filament adhesion, cramping, wailing, The shortening of the secondary gill blades in the gill tissue Over time, these symptoms increase.

The present study was designed and performed to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of folic acid and riboflavin on some growth, blood and immune indices of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. For this purpose, 891 fingerling rainbow trout with the average weight of 6-7 g were distributed in 27 fiberglass tanks with 9 treatments randomly (33 fish in each tank). Rainbow trout fingerlings was fed with normal diet and diet containing various levels of folic acid (0, 6 and 10 mg) and riboflavin (0, 20 and 30 mg). At the end of the 60-day period of breeding, 30 fish from each treatment were selected randomly and blood sampling was performed after measuring the growth factors. The results showed that the highest mean body weight gain, specific growth factor, daily growth factor, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were observed in fish fed diets containing 20 mg riboflavin and 10 mg folic acid and showed a significant difference with control group and other treatments (P<0.05). In terms of survival rate, there was no significant difference between treatments. Based on the results, the best formula for feeding rainbow trout fingerlings is a combination of 20 mg riboflavin and 10 mg folic acid per kilogram of dry food. Due to the low consumption of vitamins, the use of this formula is economical in cold water fish breeding farms and has economic justification.

The effect of marine oils has been proven in many diseases due to the presence of n-3 fatty acids. Most of the clinical effects of n-3 fatty acids are due to the presence of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA( and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which has so far not been found in any other food, except in fish. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of fish oil and canola oil on diet, on growth, survival and body chemical composition of Fattening rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Which ultimately can compensate for the deficiency of n-3 fatty acids in the household food basket and it is an important step towards the health of the community. For this purpose, three experimental diets were prepared with the same protein level (40%) and different fat levels (the first diet with 10% fish oil, the second diet with 10% canola oil and the third diet with 5% fish oil and 5% canola oil) and each one with three repetitions and 270 rainbow trout with an average weight of 100±10 g were cultured with a density of 30 in per cage for 56 days. Based on the results, there were significant differences between mean weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and condition factor in all three treatments (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in terms of survival rate and body chemical composition between treatments (P>0.05). In general, the results showed that the third treatment (5% fish oil and 5% canola oil) in the diet improved the growth indices, survival rate and condition factor (P<0.05).

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary fish oil with canola oil on growth indices, survival rate and body chemical composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerling. For this purpose, three experimental diets were prepared with the same protein level (40%) and fat levels of 100% )First diet with 10% fish oil, second diet with 100% canola oil and third diet with 50% fish oil and 50% canola oil with three replicates). Then 405 fingerling rainbow trout with an average weight of 11±1 g and a density of 45 in 9 ponds were fed in experimental diets for 8 weeks. Based on the results, the combination of 5% fish oil and 5% canola oil in the ration improved the growth indices including: final weight, Increase Body Weight (BWI), Special Growth Ratio (SGR) and Condition Factor (CF) and showed a significant difference with other treatments and the highest amount was observed in 10% fish oil treatment (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between treatments in terms of survival rate and protein, fat, ash and moisture content of fish carcasses (p>0.05). Based on the results of this study, replacing part of canola oil with fish oil (50% fish oil with 50% canola oil) in rainbow trout diet has a positive effect on growth indices and can reduce costs by reducing the length of breeding period.