مهران بابانژاد

The use of spiritual resources can be effective to solve the life-related problems including feeling guilty. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and sexual guilt among students of Ilam University of Science and Research.
This study adopted a descriptive-correlational design. The population of the study included all students studying at Ilam University of Science and Research in 2012 - 2013. Using Morgan table, 100 students were selected through convenient sampling technique. Mosher’s Sexual Guilt Inventory and King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory were utilized for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression were conducted for analyzing the gathered data. In this study, The ethical issues were all considered and the authors declared no conflict of interest.
Based on the obtained results, there was no significant association between the overall spiritual intelligence and sexual guilt scores (r=0.192; p>0.05). However, one of the subscales of spiritual intelligence (i.e. Conscious State Expansion) significantly predicted sexual guilt (r=0.401; p>0.01). Besides, there was a statistically measurable correlation between sexual guilt and students’ age. Nonetheless, no significant relationship was detected between students’ scores on the sexual guilt inventory and their gender (r=0.204; p>0.05).
Although no significant connection was observed between students’ spiritual intelligence and sexual guilt, one the subscales of spiritual intelligence had a significant role in understanding and expressing sexual guilt. This role was specifically considerable among older students.

The relationship between stress levels with spiritual growth and interpersonal relations have shown a different pattern in different societies. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual growth and interpersonal relations with stress management in students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences.
The study was cross-sectional and the study population was 400 medical students in Ilam University of Medical Sciences were recruited using the randomized allocation sampling, in 2012. The standard "HPLP II" questionnaire including demographic variables, stress management, spiritual growth and interpersonal relations was administered. Collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and linear regression tests in SPSS software.
Mean and standard deviation of age and stress management score was 20.94 ± 1.9 years and 2.47 ± 0.5, respectively. In general, the poor, middle and good stress management was estimated to be 14%, 68.5% and 17.5%, respectively. There were significant relationships between students’ stress management with spiritual growth and interpersonal relations so that by improving spiritual growth and interpersonal relations score, the students’ stress management score has increased. Interpersonal relations showed that has a more important role in relation with stress management.
Health education in advanced levels considering spiritual growth and in particular interpersonal relations can have an important role in improvement of students’ stress management.

The elderly age has its own special needs and difficulties. The present study aimed to determine health status and health needs of the elderly in Ilam Province. Through this descriptive analytical cross sectional study, 1012 elderly residents in eight cities of Ilam province were selected based on an appropriate proportion and hen were interviewed face to face completing a valid and reliable questionnaire. Analyzing the study data was performed by ANOVA test applying SPSS software and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Out of 1012 participants, 60.5% were males and 39.5% were females. Mean age was 71.1±8.02 year, and the most age group was 65-69. Overall, 38/6% were covered by health insurance organizations. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of participants were 13.38 and 11.76 respectively. The mean BMI of the study population was 25.72, 36.1% were reported to have heart disease history, 15% had diabetes, 22.5% had respiratory problems and 16.3% were addicted to cigarettes. Moreover, 45.3% had history of surgery, 72.8% experienced joint pain, 64.6% reported skeletal pain and 12.6% had history of stroke. Falling from height (18%) was demonstrated the highest rate of accidents for the elderly. The prevalent health problems of old people in Ilam mainly referrs to non-communicable disorders specifically cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Health promoting interventions seem to be necessitated for the elderly in order to have a healthy elderly life.

There is a relationship between stress levels with motor activity and food habits in different ways. The present study aimed to determine the role of motor activity and food habits in stress management of students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. Through a cross-sectional study using randomized allocation sampling, 400 medical students in Ilam University ofMedical Sciences were recruited. The "HPLP II" questionnaire including stress management and other variables was administered. Collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and linear regression tests in SPSS software. Mean and standard deviation of age and stress management score was 20.94±1.9 years and 2.47±0.5, respectively that 59.3% were female. In general, poor, middle and good stress management were estimated to be 14%, 68.5% and 17.5%, respectively. There were significant relationships between students’ stress management with motor activity and food habits but not with age and gender. Linear regression showed that by improving motor activity and food habits score, the students’ stress management score has increased significantly. Eventually, food habits showed that has a more important role in relation with stress management. Health education in advanced levels considering motor activity and in particular a good nutritional status can have an important role in improvement of students’ stress management.

Mental disorders play an important role in suicide occurrenceso that more than 90 percent of suicide victims are suffering from a mental disorder at the time of death. The present study aimed to det-ermine the epidemiological aspects of suicide due tomentaldisordersin Ilam pro-vince. Through a cross-sec-tional study, all records of suicide events either completed or attempts (n=5188) were investigated in Ilam province during 1993 to 2009. A Chi-square and multiple logistic regressions analysis was adopted to estim-ate the role of risk factors associated with suicide events due to mental disorders. In overall, 27.5% of suicides oc-curred due to mental disorders. The highest frequency of suicides due to mental dis-orders belonged to males (29.3%), indi-viduals with and over 30 years old (33.2%), attempted suicide (28.3%), the year 1996(44%) and the decade of 1990s (30.3%). The risk of suicide due to mental disorders was estimated to be (OR=0.85, CI=0.74-0.97) for females, (OR=2.42, CI= 1.79-3.26) for the year 1996, (OR=0.79, CI= 0.67-0.93) for completed suicide and (OR=0.82, 0.66-1.01) for the age group of 25 to 29 years old. Discussion & It is required to train people at risk including attempted su-icides among males

Coronary artery and carotid stenosis risk factors are frequently common in these two problems. The present study was aimed to determine the relationships between carotid arthroscleroses and coronary artery stenosis in candidates for cardiovascular angiography. In a cross sectional study، 218 candidates for cardiovascular angiography، visiting Imam Ali hospital of Kermanshah، were divided into two groups of case (158 subjects) and control (60 subjects) and were investigated by angiography and Doppler echo. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test (χ2) and multiple logistic regressions. Totally، 47 subjects (21. 6%) had carotid stenosis with >50% plaque. The frequencies of this value in the case and control groups were 37 (23. 4%) and 10 (16. 7%) cases، respectively، indicating no significant difference between groups (P=0. 27). There was a significant association between coronary artery and carotid stenosis، and female gender (P=0. 008). However، no significant correlation was observed between smoking and history of hypertension in terms of age (P<0. 05). There was no significant association between coronary artery and carotid stenosis occurrence. However، among independent risk factors، only females had an effective role in their co-occurrence. Therefore، considering the females with coronary artery or carotid stenosis and conducting preventive measures are recommended to prevent co-occurrence of these two problems.

The world population is aging and it is expected that in 2020 more than one billion people in the world be elderly. The aim of this study was the evaluation of socioeconomic and physical health of elderly people in Ilam province in 2011. This study was a cross - sectional study in which 1012 elderly people residing in the city of Ilam and eight townships participated by proportional allocation methods. Data collected by using a standard questionnaire and the Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software. The mean age of the study population was 70/1 ± 8/02 years. The differences between employment status and job type of elderly in each township was Significant. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in subjects was 133/03±28/38 and 11/76±8/02 excursively, and mean body of BMI was 25/72±4/48. 36/1% of the elderly had a history of heart disease, 15% are living with diabetes, and 22/5% had respiratory problems. 45/3% have surgery history, 72/8% experienced joint pain, 64/6% experienced musculoskeletal pain and 12/6% had a history of stroke. 23/8% had problems of knowing the time, 22/8% had problems recognizing the place, 22/2% had problems recognizing people and 25/9 % Shake hands and head. Common problems with physical health problems reported by elderly of Ilam the same in the rest of the country and major differences in socioeconomic status. Due to lower per capita income in Islam compared to other provinces of Iran, the health status of the elderly has been lowered in Ilam rather to another province.

Suicide has been recognized as a public health concern in all communities. Several factors are contributing to its incidence in developed and developing countries. Purpose of this study is to investigate seasonal patterns of suicide in Ilam province western Iran. Data were recruited from a systematic registry of Ilam province between available from 2001–2009. Overall، 3873 suicides were recorded. According to month and season of suicide، data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression. Among suicide attempters، a peak of suicide occurrence was observed in summer، especially in August. In general، 16% of suicides were completed. The risk of death (OR) due to suicide was significantly greater in winter and March compared to other seasons and months، respectively. Suicide occurrence varies by month and season and seasonal-related factors such as psychological، environmental and social aspects should be considered for any prevention programs and strategies.

According to side effects of chemical drugs، recently much attention has been paid to plants as a drug. The present study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of six plant extracts on some pathogenic bacteria. In an experimental study، at first the six plant extracts including Cinnamon، Turmeric، Thyme، Peganum harmala، Citrus aurantium and Achillea were prepared. Next، with regard to the minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) and standardized broth micro dilution method concentrations of each extract successively 62 to 12000 μg/ml prepared and then a 0. 5 McFarland unit concentration of eight bacteria including standard Staphylococcus aurous (standard strain)، Pseudomonas aeruginosa، Staphylococcus aurous، Enterococus Faecium، Escherichia coli، Salmonella typhi، Shigella dysenteriae and Klebsiella Pneumonia was obtained. The prepared compound was diluted back to 1 in a thousand. All the extracts were able to inhibit the growth of all bacteria. In general، Peganum harmala and Turmeric were the most inhibitor so that their MIC against shigella dysenteriae was 62 and 125µg/ml، respectively. Cinnamon was the third against shigella dysenteriae and the standard Staphylococcus aurous strains at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml. Achillea، Citrus aurantium and Thyme had not a considerable inhibitory against all bacteria. In general، Peganum harmala، Turmeric and Cinnamon had a higher antibacterial activity and can be used as a food preservative and a drug compound for treatment.

The most prevalent cases related to death in elderly is non-communicable disease such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and stroke, which most of them are preventable. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of physical and mental disorders in elderly people in Ilam. In a cross-sectional study, using cluster sampling a sample of 1012 participants from Ilam province was recruited. Data was collected with using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 17 and parametric and non-parametric tests. The mean body mass index, was 25.724.48 kg/m2, of them, more than half (55.2 %) were either overweight or obese. The most prevalent physical and mental disorders were; history of arthritis72.8%)), blood pressure (53.0%), vision problem (49.8%), history of infectious disease (43.9%), sleep disorder (40.1%), heart disease(36.1%), urinary disorders (30.6%), history of mental illness(24.6%), respiratory disorders (22.5%), diabetes (14.8%) and stroke (12.6%) respectively. Falling from height with 18% was the most important accident in our study sample.Discussion & Physical problems in elderly people of Ilam province are moderately similar to other reports across the country. The main difference was due to low socioeconomic status resulting from lower income in these areas.

With increasing age، the risk of chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease increases. This disease is the main cause of death in 65 years old and older people in both sexes. This study was conducted for determination of prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its related risk factors in elderly.

In a cross-sectional study، using cluster sampling، randomly a sample of 1012 participants with the mean age of 70. 18. 02 from Ilam Province was recruited at 1390. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS-16.

In the present study، prevalence of diseases and risk factors were as follow; cardiovascular disease (36. 1%)، hypertension (53%)، sleep disorders (40. 1%)، diabetes (15%) and 15% of them were smokers. Mean body mass index was 25. 724. 48 kg/m2. There was a significance difference between men and women in terms of hospitalization due to heart disease (p=0. 001)، in which frequency of hospitalization due to cardiovascular diseases was 4 folds higher in women than men (OR=4. 38، 95%، CI: 2. 5-7. 66). A similar significant difference was observed between men and women in terms of diagnosed diabetes (p=0. 001). Men had three times more sleep disorders than women (OR=3. 05، 95%، CI: 2. 33-3. 99). ‍

The big concern regarding cardiovascular diseases was that more than one-third of elderly were suffering from cardiovascular diseases and more than half had hypertension. Due to the fact that these diseases are preventable، more attention and consideration is required to manage and prevent its associated risk factors such as diabetes، obesity and smoking. Elderly، Cardiovascular diseases، Risk factor

Using dietary supplements depends on age، gender، marital status and other factors. The present community-based study was aimed to investigate the factors affecting dietary supplement consumption amongst people residing in south of Tehran. Through a cross-sectional study using convenient sampling، 708 records of individuals referred to nutritional centers in south of Tehran between 2006 and 2010 were examined. A predesigned checklist with items relevant to dietary supplement consumption was used to document the necessary information. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and logistic regression. There was a significant relationship between dietary supplement consumption and age، gender and marital status (p<0. 05)، but not with body mass index (p<0. 05). The frequency of dietary supplement consumption for 19 to 35 years age group، women and married people was significantly higher. Eventually، after adjusting confounding factors، marital status still remained as the most significant factor affecting dietary supplement consumption. Focusing on dietary supplement consumption in target groups including youngsters، men and singles living in southern Tehran is recommended.

Socioeconomic status (SES) or social class is a determinant factor for having a healthy society، particularly in the elderly. The present study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic status of the elderly population in Ilam province in 2012. Through a cross-sectional study using cluster sampling، 1012 persons with the age of 60 years and over، residing in Ilam province were recruited. A questionnaire consisting of social class parameters was administered. Data was gathered by using face to face interviews and then analyzed using χ2، Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests in SPSS software. Mean age was 70. 1±8. 02 years and 60. 5% were male. Majority were illiterate (61. 4%) and unemployed (81%). Almost one in three (29. 8%) received financial support from their children. Nearly half (47. 6%) were regularly visited by their relatives. Majority، (64. 1%) mentioned the provision of sufficient health facilities as their main concern. Health and housing needs in females were two (OR=2. 23) and four (OR=4. 43) folds more than elderly males، (p<0. 0001). There were significant relationships between visiting by relatives with age، gender، job and education levels of the studied group. It seems that the economic status of the elderly depends largely on the financial status of their children. Health and housing needs in females were more than males. Social status، housing and health needs of old people call for more attention from Social and Health authorities in Ilam province.

Students constitute a large part of the population and their health behaviors require more attention due to their insufficient time. The present study aimed to determine lifestyle and prediction of changes in its associated factors amongst health students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on100 BSc health students at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences، Tehran-Iran using randomized sampling method. HPLP II questionnaire was administered on physical activity and food and safety habits. Collected data were analyzed by Monte Carlo and linear regression tests using SPSS software. Lifestyle was evaluated as «moderate» for majority of students (61%). 23%، 47%، 27%، and 8% of students were assessed to have poor lifestyle، low physical activity، inappropriate food habits، and insufficient safety habits، respectively. There was significant relationship between students'' lifestyle and students'' major، however، no such relationships were observed between life style and students'' age، gender، and being native. Linear regression showed a significant relationship between scores of students'' physical activities and food habits where frequency of positive food habits was increased by increasing physical activity (p<0. 05). Improving and promotion of students'' lifestyle especially in the aspect of physical activity require paying more attention. In order to raise positive changes in dietary habits، development of health education programs focusing on regular physical activity is recommended.

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is one of the most common disorders that its morbidity risk factors are different in different populations. The present study aimed to investigate the association of life style and fasting plasma glucose in Ilam County. By a case-control study، 150 IFG subjects and 450 controls using cluster sampling were investigated. Each of subjects، using a standard lifestyle questionnaire and face to face interview were investigated. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regressions were used for the statistical analyses. All subjects were intake fruits and vegetables. The frequency of ghee intake saturated oil)، inactivity and smoking in IFG subjects was more than controls. Using multivariable logistic regression، ghee intake increased the risk of IFG up to 2. 2 fold (OR=1. 28، 95%CI: 0. 75-2. 2)، inactivity up to 2. 33 fold (OR=1. 33، 95%CI: 0. 75-2. 33) and smoking up to 3. 13 fold (OR=1. 46، 95%CI: 0. 68-3. 13). Such differences were not statistically significant. An increase in risk of IFG by life style risk factors is an important finding that needs to be considered seriously by policy health makers.

There is a correlation between stress levels with motor activity and food habits. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between controlling stress with motor activity، food habits and desired variables in health students. Through a cross-sectional study using randomized sampling، 100 health students were recruited. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) questionnaire including controlling stress and other variables was administered. Collected data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis، Mann-Whitney and linear regression tests in SPSS software. Mean and standard deviation of age and controlling stress score was 22. 77±2. 24 years and 20. 22±3. 6، respectively. 51% of the participants were female. In general، poor، middle and good stress controll were estimated to be 36%، 49% and 15%، respectively. There were significant correlation between students’ controlling stress with motor activity and food habits but not with age، gender، nativity and major of students. Linear regression showed that by improving motor activity and food habits score، the students’ stress control score has increased significantly. Health education in advanced levels considering motor activity and a good nutritional status can have an important role in improvement of students’ stress control.

Food habits، controlling stress، motor activity and smoking are important factors of lifestyle amongst young people and specially students. The present study aimed to determine the lifestyle situation and its correlation with some factors amongst a representative group of medical students in Ilam University of medical sciences. In a cross-sectional study using randomized allocation sampling، 400 medical students in Ilam University of Medical Sciences were recruited. The «HPLP II» questionnaire which included parameters of controlling stress، motor activity، foods and safety habits was used. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Kendal correlation tests using SPSS software. Mean participant''s age ± standard deviation was 20. 94±1. 9 years and 59. 2% were female. In general، poor lifestyle، controlling stress، motor activity، dietary and safety habits were estimated to be 6، 10، 36، 20. 8 and 2 percent، respectively. There were significant correlation between students’ lifestyle and fathers’ education level but not with parents’ job، mothers’ education level، students’ major، age، gender and nativity. Among factors constituting life style، stress control had the strongest correlation with students’ lifestyle (r = 0. 61، p<0/01). Improving students’ lifestyle with changes in food habits and motor activity as well as decreasing stress levels is recommended.