مهران فرهودی مقدم

Induced lipolysis by negative energy balance causes an increase in milk fat, a decrease in milk protein, and also as a consequence an increase in milk fat to protein ratio (FPR). The objective of this study was to evaluate available data in each milk record such as fat, protein and their ratio, somatic cell count (SCC) and the history of dairy cows in order to determine pregnancy risk (PR) till 120 days in milk (DIM). Therefore, the information of 1,279 primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows was collected on days 30 and 60 of DIM and near the first artificial insemination (AI) postpartum. The results illustrated the amount of milk fat, protein and FPR on day 30 of DIM in non-pregnant and pregnant groups were (2.67±1.2, 2.62±1.04 and 1.01±0.4) and (2.87±1.16, 2.76±0.95 and 1.03±0.36), on day 60 of DIM were (2.87±1.06, 2.7±0.86 and 1.06±0.35) and (2.97±1.15, 2.73±0.9 and 1.08±0.36), and near the first AI were (2.62±1.2, 2.53±1.04 and 1.03±0.4) and (2.8±1.24, 2.63±1.01 and 1.06±0.5), respectively, in which their effects on PR till 120 DIM were significant at two sampling times (p<0.05). The effect of SCC at day 60 of DIM on PR till 120 DIM was also significant (p=0.023); but none of the milk constituents and SCC had constant effect when analyzed by Logistic regression. Seasons of calving (p=0.02) and AI (p=0.00), previous DIM (p=0.001) and milk production (p=0.016) were analyzed by COX model and it was demonstrated that only previous DIM (p=0.021, Odds ratio=0.985) and season of AI (p=0.040, Odds ratio= 7.5) had significant effect on pregnancy till 120 DIM. The result of the present study shows that the effect of previous DIM and season of AI are significant on pregnancy till 120 DIM, but milk constituents had no effect on it.

This study was conducted to compare the effect of single dose treatment of GnRH(Cystorelin ,50 mic/dog,Sc.60 min prior to sperm collection), PGF2α(Veteglan,0/005 mg/kg,Sc,15 min prior to sperm collection) and Oxytocin(Vetacin,10IU/dog,Im,10 min prior to sperm collection) at intervals of one week on canine oligospermy.This project has been done on a 2-years-old mixed breed dog weighing 30 kg with oligospermy along with seven other health dogs with normal sperm count and semen volume as control group . obtained semen from the dogs after each treatment shown that all three doses of oxytocin, prostaglandins and gonadotropins on sperm count and semen volume in this dog with oligospermia have a favorable impact .

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of post insemination supplementation with CIDR for 7 dayson conception rate in repeat breeder high yielding dairy cows.High yielding cows (n=60) (Peak>45kg) were divided randomly into treatment and control groups while all wererepeat breeders (minimum 4 unsuccessful insemination). Treated cows (n=30) received a CIDR on day 5 post insemination which was removed after a week. Control cows (n=30) did not receive any treatment.Considered parameters were pregnancy rate in frst service and the average number of service to pregnancy following the applications of CIDR.Pregnancy rate in frst service following the applications of CIDR was not signifcantly different between treatment group (46.7%) and control group (26.7%) (P=0.11).The average number of service to pregnancy following the applications of CIDR into treatment group (1.06±1.31)was not signifcanty different compared to that for the control group (1.16±0.98) (P=0.10).Results indicated that supplementation with CIDR from 5 to 12 days post-insemination does not improve conception rate in repeat breeder high yielding dairy cows (P>0.05).

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of clinical mastitis on reproductive performance in Holstein dairycows in IRAN. Therefore we collected data from one large dairy farm (4200 dairy cows) from March 2008 until June 2010.The animals were divided into two groups according to ccurrence of mastitis as follows: clinical mastitis cows which occurredbefore pregnancy as group I (n = 1248), cows without any mastitis selected as control, group II (n = 1347), then collectedinformation were analyzed using SPSS.various reproductive indices such as the days of calving to frst services (DFS), calving to conception interval (CCI) servicesper conception (S/C), pregnancy percent in various intervals( 120 &150 days) after calving(PP<120,PP<150) and mastitisprevalence in various seasons and months of the year were analyzed and compared with control group. Also the pregnancyrate of services almost two months before and after mastitis was studied. Then we used T test, chi square and Anova test toanalyze two groups. Based on our results, in this study the great prevalence of mastitis was in summer and the least in winter(P≥ 0.001).And also the great prevalence of mastitis was in September( Shahrivar )and the least was in march (Esfand)(P≥ 0.001). Results indicated the undesirable reproductive indices in the mastitis cows compared with the control group.Statistical analysis of results showed that there is a signifcant difference between two groups (mastitis vs control) (P≥ 0.001)in the most instances, such as DFS ,CCI , S/C , PP<120 , PP<150 , as DFS: 63 days vs. 43 days, CCI: 203 days vs. 82 days,S/C: 3.6 vs. 1.8, PP<120: 31% vs. 80%, PP<150: 45% vs. 88% respectively.

Trichothecium is well know as soil saprophytes or plant pathogenic fungi and contaminates cereals specially wheatand barley in the diets. Tricothecium, fusarium and stachybotrys. Can produce trichothecenes mycotoxine. This mycotoxin has very potent toxic effects on human and animal bodies.Clinical signs of trichothecene mycotoxicosis includes lower feeding rate, vomiting. Diarrhea, disorders in reproductive system, hematological changes like leucopenia trombocyto penia, and pathologic defects like Epithelionecrosisand gastroentritis also would be observed.In a dairy cattle herd in shahriar province, many cases of abortion, diarrhea and blood in the feces were observed.After mycological investigations for other purposes, 30 samples of their ration and vaginal samples which were contaminated with trichothecium samples were cultured in SDA and PDA.There is possibility of trichothecium mycotoxicosis in this herd because the clinical signs disappeared with replacingthe contaminated diet with a clean diet. The result suggests that trichthecium contamination should be considered indary cattles.

Lead is a heavy metal and lead poisoning may occurre if it enters regularly into the animal or human body, So in this study lead concentration in milk and water were compared for a possible correlation. 100 samples of raw milk from 10 farms around city of Tehran were collected randomly. These samples were collected directly from cows in the farms. 10 sample of water were collected from the same farms. Lead concentration was measured in all of the samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery and according to the Association of Analytical Communities method. The results showed that mean lead concentration in milk was 264±204/19 ppb which it was more than standard permitted level of codex 2007 (20ppb). Lead concentration in all of the milk samples were over the standard permitted level but lead concentration in drinking water samples were under the codex 2007 permitted level (10ppb), except two samples which were over the standard. Statistical analysis of results showed that there was no correlation between lead in drinking water and in the cow’s milk. Therefore, water can not be the source of lead contamination in the milk.

Ovarian cysts in dairy cattle are generally defined as follicular structures with diameter greater than 2.5 cm which remains at least for 10 days in the absence of corpus luteum. Prevalence of ovarian cysts is reported to be 6% - 19%; thus, cystic ovary is a main reproduction disorder in dairy cattle with heavy economic losses. This study was conducted to evaluate correlation between ovarian sonographic findings and serum estradiol and progesterone concentration of ovarian cyst in dairy cow. 32 dairy cows with ovarian cysts were diagnosed with sonography and categorized to four groups according to serum concentration of progesterone. Serum concentration of progesterone and estradiol was monitored by ELISA and cyst mapping included wall diameter, cyst diameter and cyst volume was evaluated by ultrasound set with 5 mega hertz probe. Statistical analysis of the results showed a direct relation between progesterone concentration and the diameter of luteal cysts wall. The results showed that it might be better to differentiate ovarian cysts on the basis of the amount of progesterone greater than 1 or 2 nanogram per milliliter instead of the diameter of the cyst wall.