فهرست مطالب مهرنوش ملک زاده

Torsion leads to the formation of free radicals and eventually apoptosis, which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of testicular damage. Recent reports have focused on the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) against free radicals. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of pentoxifylline on testicular injury due to torsion. 20 male mice (6 weeks) were divided into 4 groups. Control group (Sham torsion operation), T1 (torsion with single-dose of 100 mg/kg of pentoxifylline, T2 (torsion with 25 mg/kg/d for 2 weeks) and T/D (Torsion-Detorsion). Animals in groups T1, T2 and T/D were subjected to 720° rotation of the left testicular spermatic cord clockwise for 2 hours followed by 30 minutes of detorsion. After detour, the drug was administered intraperitoneally. The left testicles of all animals were removed on day 35 after torsion for histopathological and biochemical evaluation. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software using Tukey's test. Micromorphological analysis of testicular seminiferous tubules showed that there was a significant increase in mean tubular diameter, Johnson scores and number of germ cells in T1 group as compared to T2 and T/D (P< 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the number of Sertoli, Leydig and Myoid cells in all groups (P<0.05). Analysis of oxidative stress indices showed that pentoxifylline increased the level of SOD, catalase, mRNA expression of Akt and pi3k genes (P < 0.05) and reduced the amount of MDA and caspase-3 levels in T1 and T2 as compared with T/D (P ≤ 0.05). Pentoxifylline can be used as a supplementary drug after surgery to treat torsion. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline in this area.

Anthropometry is known as the science of measuring various parts of the human, and its application is to identify individual differences including race, age, and gender. The use of anthropometry is instrumental in medical science and clarifies the relationship between different parts of the body with identifying an individual, as well as identifying congenital disorders. For this purpose, this article aimed to explain the importance and application of anthropometry in medical science and related industries.
Previous studies showed the application of anthropometry in various fields, including forensic medicine, identification, cosmetic surgery, industrial design, clothing design, ergonomics and architecture. In the case of having an adequate database of anthropometric measurements, the standard dimensions for each population can be defined, so that dead bodies can easily be identified. Proper ergonomic design of the workplace increases the employee's job satisfaction, and significantly reduces musculoskeletal discomfort and work-related injuries.
Paying attention to body dimensions in the form of anthropometry will make better design of office supplies and clothing for individuals that will ensure the performance and health of the individual. Also, anthropometry can be used in various fields of medicine, including forensic medicine and the diagnosis of congenital anomalies and acquired problems.