مهری دلسوز

The main goal of this descriptive and inferential research is to present a green building evaluation system from the point of view of experts. In addition, a multi-criteria decision-making model using the Analytic Hierarchy Method (AHP) is used to evaluate and prioritize the criteria of green buildings. Also, using Wilcoxon and Friedman statistical inference, the importance of green building evaluation system criteria in Sabzevar city has been investigated. The method of work is as follows: first, the criteria of sustainable architecture were determined and the green building evaluation system was developed, and then the weight coefficient of each criterion was determined using Expert choice 11 software. Then 10 buildings from Sabzevar city were randomly selected and the importance of sustainability criteria in these buildings was determined using SPSS 16 software. The results of the paired comparisons of building sustainability criteria indicate that the water criterion with a weight of 0.2 (20%) is the most important among other criteria, followed by the technical quality criteria (weight 0.178). In relation to the investigation of sustainable architecture in Sabzevar city, the results of the Wilcoxon test show that the average of people's responses for most variables is close to the median value (0.625). Also, the results of the Friedman test show the ranking of the criteria so that the technical quality criterion with an average rating equal to 9.35 has won the first rank and the water criterion has obtained the last rank with an average rating equal to 2.10. Considering that from the point of view of the experts, the water standard is the most important, but from the point of view of the owners of the investigated buildings, water is ranked last, it is concluded that explaining and dealing with the water issue, especially in dry climates (such as Razavi Khorasan province) it is very necessary to pay attention to the problems that exist in this field.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea Maize), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are among the most important components of food. This paper provides the first quantitative information on accumulation of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and arsenic) in ground (soils) overground (leaves) and underground (roots) parts of wheat, corn, and tomatoaround the Kashafroud River in Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran.

The concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, graphite furnace (GBC GF3000).

Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference among the cadmium concentrations of soil, roots and leaves/grain in various plants (p<0.01 for wheat and corn and p=0.0004 for tomato). There was not a significant difference among the lead concentrations of soil, roots and grain in wheat (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference for other plants (p<0.01 for corn and tomato). Furthermore, statistical analysis was done for arsenic concentrations of soil, roots and leaves/grain in wheat and tomato (p>0.05 for wheat and p=0.026 for tomato).

The results of this study were compared with global standards. As well as in this monitoring, health risk assessment by EPA/WHO instructions has been done. The concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in soil were below the limits proposed by WHO, EPA, and EU. The results of the present study aimed to provide data from Kashafroud River as indicators of natural and anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystem as well as to evaluate the human hazard index associated with wheat consumption. Health risk assessment of consumers from the intake of metal contaminated was evaluated by using Total Hazard Quotient (THQ) calculations. In this study, the THQ through consumption of wheat was less than 1, indicating that there is no significant potential health risk associated with the consumption of wheat from the around the Kashafroud River.

Nowadays, people’s life is at risk because of various pollutants into the atmosphere by human action and biological activities. One of the major air pollutants are particulate matter. The aim of this study was to evaluate spatial interpolation methods to determine the concentration PM2.5 and PM10 in Sabzevar city and select the most suitable interpolation method for preparation of zoning maps particulate matter in GIS.

Particulate matter were measured by a monitoring device, environmental dust model Haz-Dust EPAM 5000 at 48 stations in the city, then in ARC GIS software three well-known spatial interpolation techniques, namely Kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) were applied for generating the prediction maps. Finally the best interpolation method was chosen according to the values of each algorithm error.

The results indicated that the RMS was lower between geostatistical and deterministic methods, and the MAPE in deterministic methods was lower.

The best interpolation method for the particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) was deterministic method by IDW function.

The purpose of this study is to measure airborne contaminants including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), and suspended particles of less than 10 microns (PM10) from April to November 2016. Over the course of 8 months, 144 samples were collected for pollutants VOC, CO and PM10 with two replicates per month at three stations. The pollutants were measured at one oclock in the evening. VOC and CO measurements were performed by the American-made Multi-RAE direct reading device and the Haz-Dust EPAM5000 Hazard Particle Measurement, in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. The air quality index (AQI) for pollutants (VOC, CO, and PM10) was calculated using linear correlation methodology according to the National Open Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The results showed that the highest concentration of CO pollutants was related to the center of Shirazi parking with an average of 22.31 ppm, and the lowest was related to parking exit from Imam Reza Street with a mean of 7.5 ppm and then the parking entrance from Shirazi Streets with a concentration of 8 ppm. The concentration of carbon monoxide and PM10 at Shirazi parking station was higher than the standard of Iran Department of Environment (9 ppm, 150 μg/m3). The air quality index for carbon monoxide for all months except November and the air quality index for PM10 for June and September were higher than the standard. In addition, the highest concentration of volatile organic compounds was reported in September and, in general, contamination was higher during the warm period than the cold period.

Contaminant levels in fish are of particular importance because of the potential health risks they pose to human consumers. The presnet study was designed and implemented to determine mercury concentrations in water, sediments, and fish from Hamoon wetland against international standards. For this purpose, the LECO, AMA 254, ASTM Standard D-6722 was used to determine mean Hg concentrations in the muscles of Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Schizocypris altidorsalis, and Schizothorax zardunyi as 0.14, 0.28, 0.15, 0.15, 0.34, and 0.36 mg/kg, respectively, and 0.21, 0.32, 0.22, 0.23, 0.36 and 0.41 mg/kg in their kidneys. Water mercury concentrations at three stations were determined to be 0.06, 0.07, and 0.08 mg/kg while they were 0.39, 0.44, and 0.48 mg/kg in the sediments. Laboratory analysis results showed significant differences in mercury concentrations between fish kidney and muscle (p

The aim of this study is determination of lead concentration in water, sediment and fish from Hamoon wetland and its comparison with international standards. Analysis of lead concentrations was performed by atomic absorption Perkin Elmer 4100 device. Fish species, water and sediments were collected from Hamoon- e-Saburi wetland. Mean concentrations of Pb in muscle of Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Schizocypris altidorsalis, and Schizothorax zardunyi were 0.32, 0.39, 0.35, 0.72 and 0.81 mg/kg respectively, and 0.74, 0.79, 0.74, 0.76 and 0.83 mg/kg in kidney, respectively. Lead concentrations in three stations were 0.40, 0.41 and 0.42 mg/kg, and Pb in sediments was 0.83, 1.15 and 1.21 mg/kg. The results of laboratory analysis showed that there are not any significant correlation between the concentration of lead in the kidney and muscle (r=0.14). Lead concentrations in Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix was under the scope proposed by FAO, WHO, FDA, TAL, UK (MAFF) and NHMRC, but lead concentration in Schizocypris altidorsalis, and Schizothorax zardunyi were higher than WHO and TAL. The results showed that water lead concentration was not statistically different between the three stations, but there was a significant difference between the concentrations of lead in three station sediments.