فهرست مطالب مهناز خاتم

In recent decades, social, economic and political ties within cities have undergone fundamental changes. Urban governance is a process that is based on the interaction between the formal organizations and institutions of the city administration on the one hand and the informal institutions of civil society or the public arena on the other hand. The main purpose of this article is to study the situation of good urban governance in the metropolis of Tehran and to study the better management of the land and territory and the provision of better and more services to citizens. The research method of this article is quantitative-qualitative. In this study, using six indicators of good urban governance indicators, namely, participation, effectiveness and efficiency, justice, transparency, legitimacy and accountability in the study area were measured by one-sample t-test. Took. The statistical population of the study is the people of 14 districts out of 22 districts of Tehran and the sample size is 370 people who were randomly selected using the Cochran's formula. The results of the test indicate that urban management in the study area (fourteen districts of Tehran) is not in accordance with the principles of good urban governance and according to the six indicators is not in a good position that each of these indicators of governance A good city is less than the average of the average rankings. Therefore, it can be said that inefficient, centralized and top-down management causes a lack of attention to long-term and strategic plans, weak structure and position of the Islamic Council of the city and non-operational local councils and citizens do not participate in managing the city.

The city is considered a source of development, and the position of urban management plays a very important and decisive role in the process of urban development. One of the most successful models in the field of urban management is the model of urban governance, which is actually a management system in a participatory form, which consists of three institutions. Civil society, the private sector, and the government participate in all relevant decision-making. This research is descriptive in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of data collection. To collect data, according to experts, targeted sampling and snowball methods were used. Based on the findings, the accountability index has the highest impact on other indicators and the accountability index has the highest impact on other indicators. After accountability and responsibility and at a very close distance, the factors of effectiveness and efficiency are important for urban governance indicators. Based on the data of the D-R column, the rule of law index is one of the other antecedents in cause and effect relationships. On the other hand, other factors have an effective outcome, among which the specialization index is at the top. In this way, it can be concluded that accountability and responsibility indicators are closely related and are considered the most fundamental factor in the system of good governance indicators, and making constructive changes in it can lead to more serious and effective changes in improving urban governance.

Paying attention to the dual view of citizens on public services is the phobia of bureaucracy, which means a negative image of the public sector in the minds of citizens and their distrust of the public sector. This study seeks to analyze the relationships between backgrounds affecting bureaucratic phobia in one of the universities of medical sciences.

The present study is qualitative and applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. The method of sample selection is purposeful and snowball. To screen the data, the average opinion of experts on fuzzy logic was used. A questionnaire with a matrix structure was prepared to explore causal relationships between factors. Agents took action.

Among the factors, corruption is the main factor and making constructive changes in it can help reduce the phobia of bureaucracy. Also, two factors of strict and inflexible rules and procedures and lack of accurate information of processes have been the most effective factors among other factors, the most effective indicator is the lack of accurate information of processes. The criterion of employees' motivation has the most interaction with other criteria studied. The criterion of gang play in offices has the least interaction with other criteria.

Based on the results, politicians and managers should think of measures to align the structure of the bureaucracy in terms of having a hierarchy and division of labor with a rational model; In terms of following the rules and regulations and paying attention to expertise and competency system, do not distance yourself from this model and try to reduce this hierarchy.

Bureaucracy is a new concept in management literature that has recently been considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting bureaucracy in the field of health management in Kerman province, Iran, using a structural interpretive approach.

The data collection method included interviews and a questionnaire. In this regard, 12 experts including management professors and senior managers of the University of Medical Sciences were interviewed.

Rules of strict and inflexible procedures were in the first place, lack of motivation of employees , low public trust in government organizations were in the second place, personal decisions of managers and redundancy procedures were in the third place, Corruption and irresponsibility in the fourth level, Accurate process information, high hierarchy in the organization, the existence of gangsterism in some departments were in the fifth level.

The results were obtained using interpretive structural modeling, analysis, and finally the relationship and sequence of precedents. According to the results of research in the field of health services management, cumbersome laws should be reduced so that people do not lose their trust in government organizations.