موسی الرضا وفایی تبار

This research was carried in cropping years 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the effect of plant density on morphological traits, flowering pattern, boll production and seed cotton yield of new cotton cultivars in Varamin region of Iran. In this research, five cotton cultivars including Varamin, Shirpan603, Cocker100, NO200 and SP731 in three plant densities were evaluated using a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this study, the number of flowers and flowering date in cultivars for 11 weeks (1 July to 15 September) were counted. The results of analysis of variance showed that the differences between cultivars were significant for plant height, number of nodes, number of flowers, number of bolls and fiber and seed cotton yield at 1% level. The results also showed that there is a significant difference between the years of project implementation for plant height, number of bolls and fiber and seed cotton yield at the level of 1%. The mean of plant height for the first and second years were 93.2 and 119.9 cm and the average number of bolls per plant were 15.9 and 11.41 and the seed cotton yield were 5242 and 4050 kg/ha, respectively. In this study cultivars did not differ significantly in terms of number of days from planting to flowering, number of days from flowering to harvest and early ripening. Investigation of flowering process in 11 weeks showed that the peak of flowering for both years of research was the eleventh week after planting with an average of 41.8 and 44.6 flowers per plant. Most of the bolls were produced from the flowers of the eleventh week for first year and from the flowers of the tenth week for second year. The cumulative growing degree days during the vegetative and reproductive growth period for two years of experiment was significantly different.  So that at the end of the seventeenth week after planting (last week of flowering) the cumulative growing degree days in the first and second years was 1734.9 and 1245.5, respectively, Which can be one of the important reasons in reducing the number of bolls and fiber and seed cotton yield in the second year.

Study of genotype (G) × environment (E) interaction and identifying of stable and high yielding cultivars are important and essential component of cotton breeding programs dedicated for cultivar development.

Nine new promising cotton genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.) along with two commercial cultivars (control) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at eight locations including Hashemabad, Karkandeh, Darab, Khodafarin, Garmsar, Varamin, Isfahan and Moghan during two crop seasons (2018-2019).

Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) across environments indicated significant variation among genotypes and G × E interaction for seed cotton yield. Significant G×E variation allowed for subsequent analysis of genotype stability statistics and AMMI analysis. Regarding AMMI analysis, two principle components contributed for 81.0 % of the variation among the G×E interaction. The Varamin and 92-34 genotypes have shown general adaptability with average yield across environments. The Golestan, ANBK and ANB414 were identified as high yielding and the most stable genotypes based on parametric models (Cvi, bi and Xi), AMMI and GGE Biplot models. It was concluded that AMMI biplot clearly facilitate identification of mega-environments and cultivars for specific recommendations.

The results of study indicated that ANB414, ANBK and Golestan could be suited for cultivation across the test environments.

To investigate the agronomic response of cotton cultivars and hybrids at different densities this study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 on the farm of the National Cotton Research Institute, Varamin, Iran. 10 cultivars and hybrids including Varamin, Bakhtegan, Sajedi, Sahel, T2, T14 and hybrids (Sahel × Sajedi), (Bakhtegan ×T2), (Varamin ×T14), and (Sajedi ×T14) under 5.5, 6.4 and 12.8 plants per square meter were evaluated. The field experiment was performed as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. During the growing season and after the physiological maturity stage, plant yield, boll weight, number of bolls per plant, plant fiber weight, seed weight per plant, and plant height were carefully measured. During the growing season and after the physiological maturity stage, plant yield, boll weight, number of bolls per plant, plant fiber weight, seed weight per plant, and plant height were carefully measured. The results of comparing the mean interaction of cultivar and plant density on plant yield showed that ور hybrid cultivar Varamin× T14 at a density of 5.5 plants per square meter in the crop years 2017 and 2018, respectively, had the highest plant yield, a number of bolls per plant, fiber weight, grain weight per plant To other cultivars and hybrids studied. Also, the results of this study showed that the density of 5.5 plants per square meter is very suitable and recommended for cotton and especially for the new hybrid of Varmin×T14, which had better quantitative and qualitative characteristics than other cultivars.

Value of Cultivation and Use (VCU) trial of some new cotton genotypes and cultivars have been performed at Tehran province agriculture and natural resources research and education center at Varamin, based on complete randomized design by four replications during 2016 and 2017. Evaluated cotton genotypes and cultivars include 1) Varamin (control), 2) Khordad (control), 3) Ulran (commercial cultivar), 4) 43259 genotype, 5) A-SJ2×349 genotype, 6) R7 genotype, 7) no. 210 genotype, 8) no. 221 genotype, 9) Leon (foreign commercial cultivar), and 10) Sajedi (new cultivar). Results reveal that Sajedi new cultivar is the earliest cultivar in both years in comparison with other studied genotypes and cultivars. It also has had the most boll number and weight and its seed cotton yield has been in the same statistical group of the highest seed cotton yield control cultivars. The highest lint percentage and fiber elasticity in first year belongs to this cultivar. Therefore, Sajedi new cultivar can be introduced and commercialized for cultivation in Tehran province as well as similar Vatamin regions.

The current study was conducted to explore genetic variations among several cotton species, including Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Varamin, G. barbadense cultivar T14, G. herbaceum cultivar Arya, hybrid of G. hirsutum cultivar Varamin × G. barbadense cultivar T14 (V×T14), and a hybrid of G. hirsutum cultivar Varamin × G. herbaceum cultivar Arya (V×A) using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). In this study, a total of 60 bands were amplified using four ISSR marker primers. As a result, 57 bands showed polymorphism. The results showed a high level of diversity in the studied varieties. The highest percentage of polymorphism was related to ISSR4 primer with ACACACACACACACACT sequence (100%) and the lowest percentage was related to ISSR1 primer with AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGC sequence (92.8%). Cluster analysis showed three major groups. The first group consisted of Arya and Varamin, the second group was comprised of V×A, T14 which showed a high genetic similarity indicating T14 originates from Varamin cultivar, and the third group contained V×T14. Overall, the results showed that, ISSR markers can be effectively used to study the genetic diversity of cotton.

This research was carried out to study the flowering process and production of boll in different cultivation densities of cotton cultivars in 2017 in Varamin, Iran. In this research, five cotton cultivars including Varamin, Shirpan603, Cocker100, NO200, and SP731 in three planting densities of 5.5, 6.4, and 12.8 plants per square meter was evaluated using a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The number of flowers of the cultivars was counted during the period time from 1 July to 15 September (11 weeks). The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effects of plant density on flower number, number of bolls, and cottonseed were significant at 1% level and on fiber weight at 5% level. Also, with an increasing number of plants per unit area, the number of flowers, the number of bolls, boll weight, and fiber weight decreased. So, with increasing density from 5.5 to 6.4 and 12.8 plants per square meter, the average number of flowers decreased from 40.97 to 38.83 and 28.25 flowers per plant, and the average number of bolls decreased from 18.64 to 17.16 and 11.94 boll/plant. In this study, the percentage of boll retention had no significant difference in plant densities. The findings of this study showed that the peak flowering stage and boll formation occurred 11 weeks after planting by receiving about 1148 GDD. Moreover, 91% of the bolls that were made from flowers had appeared until the end of the 13th week.

In order to 36 cotton cultivars and genotypes qualitative morphological characteristics evaluation, in this research, during 2012 to 2013 years in Tehran provinces Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center at Varamin and Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute(SPCRI) at Karaj22 qualitative morphological characteristics studied. Results indicated that, cultivars and genotypes distinct for 11 qualitative morphological characteristics. Based on color of petal cultivars and genotypes divided into 2 distinct yellow and cream petal color groups. All yellow petal color group cultivars, were Sea Island cottons and all cream petal color group cultivars and genotypes were Upland cottons. Among yellow petal color cultivars,for the reason of same level of position of stigma relative to anthers, medium bract dentations at green maturity and strong leaf lower side density of pubescene, Termez 14 cultivar distinct from 2 other cultivars. Cream petal color cultivars and genotypes also based on leaf shape distinct into 2 palmate and lanceolate groups. Lanceolate group cultivars and genotypes were 3 cultivars, Sepid, Okra Leaf-Red and Super okra which among their boll shape in longitudinal section and seed color of fuzz distinct 3 cultivars from each other. Palmate leaf shape cultivars and genotypes group which amounted to31 of evaluated cultivars and genotypes, based on boll shape in longitudinal section divided to 3 main groups. 20 cultivars and genotypes of this group which were cultivars and genotypes with ovate boll shape in longitudinal section also based on 7 characteristics, boll pitting of surface, bract dentations at green maturity,

Spontaneous barley is a category of cereal, annual plant, winter, self-pollinated, and diploid (2n=14). It has very close genetic relationship with barley. Very long awn, resistant to drought and salinity, seed dormancy and allelopathic potential are the features of this plant. The average 1000-seed weight without awn is 45grams and with awn is 47grams.Apart of the five provinces (Semnan, Golestan, Mazandaran, Guilan, Sistan and Baluchestan), the existence of this species was reported in Iran. The highest prevalence belongs to Fars province with an average density of 34 plants per square meter.Due to genetic and morphological similarities of spontaneous barley with wheat and barley, none of selective herbicide for wheat are able to control spontaneous barley.This study aimed to investigate the effects of the herbicide metsulfuron methyl + Sulfosulfuron (TOTAL) on morphological and reproductive characteristics of different ecotypes spontaneous barley and determine the best of use time these herbicides in the various growth stages of spontaneous barley. This experiment performed in Varamin region during 2013 and 2014 in form of Factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. The first factor included two levels of MetsulfuronMetyl+ Sulfosulfuron herbicide application at two leaf (GS =12) and second node (GS = 32) stages of growth spontaneous barley, and control without herbicide. The second factor was 20 ecotypes, which collected from across the country. At thirty days after the treatment which was equivalent to the heading stage of spontaneous barley, a box (0.5 × 0.5) was dropped on each line and then the morphology and reproductive traits of spontaneous barley were recorded. The greatest effect of TOTAL herbicide was at the time of the second node, but in two leaf also had a significant effect on reducing the density of spontaneous barley. Ecotypes Shush, Marvdasht, Urima, Shahreza, Islamabad, Isfahan, Golpayegan and Varamin after herbicide application at two stages were significantly more than control in term of plant density reduction. The use of herbicide reduced the number of stems per plant. Differences between treatments indicate that the effect of herbicides on stem growth has been positive. Totally, stems per plant reduction caused to reduction of the fruiting stems. This causes to reduce reproductive efficiency in spontaneous barley. In Ecotypes of Shush, Darab, Mahabad, and Biseton areas, effective of herbicides on leaf area index was higher at the two-leaf stage. Reduction of leaf area reduced the size and plant dry weight. TOTAL herbicide caused to weaken plants and plant density reduction by reducing the leaf area growth, and the growth of young stems. In Mahidasht, Fasa and Zarghan ecotypes, herbicide application at two leaves stage reduced the plant height more than second node stage. Using herbicides at second node stage,significantly changed the height of Salmas, Miandoab, Darab, Biseton, Shahryar, Golpayegan and shahreza ecotypes compared to control. Final height is one of the most important and effective indicator, in terms of weed-crop competition, which by light advantage, resulted to increasing the canopy, leaf area, dry weight and better competitive conditions. The use of herbicides at the two-leaf and the second node stages resulted incontrolling the final height of spontaneous barley compared to control. The plant fresh weight and dry weight of ecotypes showed a significant decrease as compared to the control. By reduction of spontaneous barley fresh weight, the reproductive ability reduced and also the canopy was decreased, which both have an important role on control of spontaneous barley. Moreover, according to another study among several tested herbicides in wheat, spontaneous barley did not lead to optimal control and only TOTAL decreased the dry weight by 67 percent. Using herbicides at second node stage resulted to reduction of spike weight in Shush, Fasa, Shiraz, Kerend and Varamin ecotypes than control. After herbicide application, due to unfavorable growing conditions and stress, the plant with minimal resources went to reproductive stage. Consequentlythe plants were weaker as compared to the control.Finally,the fertility rate reduced and spike length was shorter under the influence of herbicides. Using of herbicides at second node, most of the ecotypes showed seed weight reduction. The results showed that the use of TOTAL herbicide at the two-leaf stage and the second node decreased morphological and reproductive characteristics of this weed. The biggest influence on morphological characteristics of the Bistoon ecotype (density), Shiraz ecotype (plant density, leaf area, fresh weight, Dry weight, spike length), Rāmhormoz ecotype (number of stems, plant fresh weight, Dry weight), Mahidasht ecotype (LAI), Fasa ecotype (height, leaf area index, fresh weight, dry weight, grain weight, spike weight), Golpayegan ecotype (final height), Branch ecotype (final height), Shush ecotype (number of stems, number of grains per spike), Marvdasht ecotypes (seed weight, weight spike), Zarghan ecotype (spike length). Ecotypes reactions to the herbicide suggested that potential genetic differences among ecotypes creates different conditions of increasing or decreasing of the studied traits. Knowing these differences guide us to control this weed at different stages of plant growth by suitable approaches.

In order to study the effect of Zn EDTA and NAA application on quantitative and fiber quality traits, and physiological indices of three cotton cultivar, an experiment based on split-split plat arrangement in form of RCB design with three replications performed in Varamin region during 2003-2004 years. In this research, the main plot included three cotton cultivars (Varamin, Khorda and Pak), the subplots were sprayed by spraying with pure water (control), Zn EDTA with 1g/L and 2 g/L concentration and NAA with concentration of 30 mg/L as sub-sub plots that sprayed at 4 levels of (control, one time of spraying, two times spraying and three times spraying). The results showed that Zn EDTA spraying with 1g/L concentration along with using NAA, resulted in increasing the number of total bolls per plant, weight of single bolls, total seed cotton yield and fibers length as compared to the control group. The highest seed cotton yield was obtained in Khordad cultivar with Zn EDTA spraying at 1g/L concentration and on time spraying NAA application. The earliness decreased by using of NAA. There were significant differences among cultivars in term of fiber length and micronairy. In total, reaction of different cultivars to different Zn EDTA concentrations and number of NAA spraying were different in most surveyed characteristics.

Vermicompost technology is one of the most important tools for processing and converting organic wastes into biological fertilizers. The study intended to determine the best substrate for breeding earthworm species Eisenia foetida in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and four replications in a three-month period. Various substrates along with the remains of organic wheat straw and alfalfa in different ratios (25, 50, 75 and 100) were investigated in Year 2013 at the University of Gonbad-e Kavous. In this study, some characteristics of worms such as weight of adult worms, young, newborn, cocoon weight and final weight of earthworms, E. foetida, and growth rate, specific growth rate of the number of babies per generation and survival rates were studied. The results of analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences among all studied treatments from gain weight of adult worms, young, newborn and growth indices point of view except in survival rates. The most weight gained with adult worms was found in the 1:1 ratio of sheep manure along with alfalfa residues. However the greatest weight in young worms were obtained from sheep manure with straw treated in the ratio of 1:3. The maximum weight of the baby worm and final weight were obtained from the worms in the straw mixed with sheep manure in the ratio of 1:1. The results also showed that treatment of sheep manure with straw and alfalfa wastes had the greatest increase in worm weight.

This study was carried out in order to investigate on chromosomal behavior during meiosis in Kerman endemic cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) and VTDL (G. arboretum) species, F1 hybrids of two species and BC4 genotypes. The F1s investigations showed that in 40 percent of tested cells, there was one adjacent quadrivalent. Only in one case there was one lag chromosome at MII and the rest of next meiosis stages were normal. Repeated back crosses (up to BC4) caused to reduce the irregularities. Morphological traits in back crosses, were mostly similar to G. herbaceum and only in few cases were left from G. arboretum species. Since simultaneously breeding for all traits, especially through far hybridization, is not possible at one stage, so the resulted offspring would be great achievement at the early steps of endemic cotton improvement.

In order to evaluate the effects of sulfosulfuron application on morphological and reproductive traits of Iranian wild barley populations at two leaf and second node stages, an experiment was performed in Varamin region during 2013 and 2014 in the form of factorial randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The first factor included two levels of sulfosulfuron applications at two leaf (GS =12) and second node (GS = 32) stages of barley growth, and the control treatment was without herbicide. The second factor consisted of wild barley 20 populations, which were collected from across the country. Results showed that application of herbicide at above stages caused significant effects differences in terms of reduction of growth and reproduction of wild barley, but the use of herbicide at the second node stage was more effective. Populations showed differences in view of morphological and reproductive traits in response to herbicide treatments. Thus, the effect of herbicide on morphology and reproductive traits of Varamin, Isfahan, ShahReza and Golpayegan populations was the lowest, while on Shoush, Ramhormoz and Fasa populations was the highest.

In order to Study of different plant waste on produced vermicompost and Replication and Performance of earthworm, an experiment was carried out in completely randomized design during 90 days in Gonbad- e- Kavous University at 2013. Treatments were: pure cow manure (control), manure Palm Leaf (75 : 25), manure Palm Leaf (50:50), manure Palm Leaf (25 : 75), manure potato (75 : 25%), manure potato (50: 50), cow dung cabbage (75 : 25) and cow dung cabbage (50:50), respectively. Diversity and productivity levels and final weight were studied. Chemical changes produced by worms such as PH and EC levels before and after vermicompost production, carbon and total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences between treatments in terms of reproduction ratio and efficiency, and final weight of all chemical characteristics. Reproduction and efficiency ratio with palm leaf and manure mixture treatment (50:50) and manure mixed with potato (50:50) were maximum and minimum ratio and average 35.45 and 1.83 respectively. The total carbon content in the control treatment was the highest and lowest of manure mixed with cabbage. The maximum and minimum amounts of nitrogen were recorded in treatments of manure mixed with potato and cabbage ratio (75: 25) with 3.08 and 1.83 percent, respectively. Chemical properties analysis of before and after production of vermicompost showed that EC increased in all treatments as compared with before and pH has been reduced.

In order to study the effect of vermicompost fertilizer and planting pattern on yield of two cotton cultivars, an experiment was carried out, as split factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications in Ali Abad in 2013. The treatments consisted of vermicompost as the main plot at four levels (control (without vermicompost), two tons per hectare, four tons per hectare and six tons per hectare) and the sub-plot were combination of two cultivars vz. Sahel and Golestan and planting pattern at two levels (Rectangular and Parallel pattern). The results showed that the interaction of vermicompost × planting pattern × cultivar had no significant effect on number of bolls per plant, fiber weight per plant, the total weight of seeds per plant, first and second yield, 100-seed weight, boll weight, percentage of lint and seed cotton yield. The simple effect of vermicompost on first picking, total fiber weight, total seed weight per plant at four ton ha-1 vermicompost application were two ton ha-1, 46.36 and 90.94 gr plant-1 , respectively and in the control with 1.519 and 1.608 ton ha-1 and 15.74 and 37.47 gr plant-1 was the lowest. Mean comparison showed that Golestan cultivar was superior to Sahel for first picking, total fiber weight and seed yield.

In order to study of water deficit effects on yield and some vegetative aspects of cotton, 30 cotton genotypes evaluated in 2014 summer at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station in greenhouse and field conditions. The experimental design was split plot based on a completely randomized blocks with three replications. Six superior genotypes including K8801, K8802, Avengard, Varamin, Khordad and Qum red boll selected for field experiment. Main plot was stress levels including control, mild and sever water deficit and subplots designated to genotypes. In greenhouse, the results showed that vegetative indices of genotypes significantly affected by water deficit stress. Based on the result of field experiment, vegetative traits, yield and yield components of genotypes were significantly different. In general, traits such as dry matter of root and shoot, number of root branches, crown diameter and chlorophyll content (spad value) had positive and significant correlation with yield in filed, so could be used in evaluation of cotton drought tolerance. Also, K8801 had higher yield than other genotypes in water deficit condition and could be introduced as a superior genotype for the region of study.

For distinctness, morphological characteristics uniformity and stability evaluation of cotton, a research based on completely randomized blocks design conducted by four replications. Varamin, Sahel, Bakhtegan, Mehr, Oltan, Dr. Omoomi, Sepid, Pak, Khordad, Sealand, Armaghan, Golestan cultivars and No.200 genotype thirty nine morphological characteristics of their measured. Petal colour and base colour spot intensity qualitative morphological characteristics divided cultivars into two groups, Dr. Omoomi grouped in one group and others grouped in other group. Based on pollen colour Bakhtegan and Sahel cultivars in one group and others in other group settled. Pubescences of stem and plant form separate those cultivars into distinct groups. Oltan,Varamin, Mehr, Pak, Sealand, Khordad, Sepid, Armaghan and Golestan cultivars based on flowering type divided into three distinct. Boll longitude cut form distinct Mehr, Pak, Sealand, Armaghan and Golestan cultivars into three groups and Pak, Sealand and Golestan cultivars in one group and Mehr and Armaghan each in one group. Based on stigma position to anthers Pak and Sealand cultivars in one group and Golestan in other group settled Also on the basis of toothed bracts and boll shallow holes Pak and Sealand distinct each another. Leaf shape separated Varamin, Khordad and Sepid cultivars into two groups and Varamin and Khordad cultivars in one group and Sepid cultivar settled in other group. Finally by stigma position to anthers characteristic separated Varamin and Khordad cultivars and all cultivars separate from each other.Therefore, studied cultivars and genotype by9 qualitative distinct morphological characteristics identifiable from each others.

In order to evaluate of annual selection effects on quality and quantitative traits as well as traits relations among cotton lines of Varamin cultivar. present study was performed during 2008-2011 at central station of research center of Varamin. Elite lines were selected annually from breeding lines population in view of morphological traits at the farm and then final selection was done based on fiber length and fiber percent as two important traits. The results showed that selection based on both traits together and selection based on fiber length، finally caused to get the same result in term of fiber percent in the next generation while in term of fiber length، the two kind of selections were different، so that in case of simultaneous selection for both traits، the fiber length was decreased in the next generation. Although the correlation between fiber percent and fiber length in the first year was not statistically significant but it was positive، while in the second and third years it was negative and significant. Therefore the character priority in selection could change the kind of this relationship.

In this study, 11 cotton varieties (G. hirsutum) along with two checks treatments were studied using a randomized complete block design with four replications at Varamin cotton research department to evaluation of correlation between yield and earliness with other quantitative traits in 2008. Agro-morphological and fiber quality of the cultivars were recorded and correlation between yield and earliness with other traits were calculated based on them for each variety. Step wise regression of yield and earliness as independent variables and other traits as dependent variables were calculated separately to each cultivar. The results showed there is a high variation among cultivars regarding correlation between yield and earliness with other traits. The variation also existed among cultivars in term of those traits which entered the multiple regression models as dependent variables. These variations among cultivars are useful in the further breeding programs in view of breaking undesired correlations of the traits and improving them simultaneously in the current cultivars.

This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on CRD using two native (Gil and Domseiah) and two exotic cultivars (IR58443-6B-10-3 and IR54447-3B-10-2) under three salinity stress levels (0= check and 4, 8 and 12 dSm/m NaCl salinity) at Gonbad Kavoos Agriculture Faculty. Seeds were germinated in laboratory and then cultivated in the pot and evaluated for growth reaction to salinity during vegetative stage, according to instructions of IRRI. The recorded traits were comprised of straw weight, whole panicle weight, total plant weight, flag leaf length and width, height and main panicle length. The salinity, cultivar and interaction effects were significant on all measured traits. Among all cultivars, Domsiah was the only cultivar which showed significant difference with check cultivar in view of total panicle weight. The effect of salinity on both traits of straw weight and total panicle weight showed similar trends.

In order to correlation diversity assessment among the quantitative and fiber quality traits, five cultivars of tetraploid cotton (G. hirsutum) cultivars were evaluated at Varamin region in 2009. In this study the populations of the cultivar lines were planted near together and 100 lines randomly were selected at the end of the season followed by measuring seed cotton yield and quantitative and fiber quality traits of each plant. The correlations among the traits, stepwise regression analysis of lint percent as dependent variable and other traits as independent variables calculated for cultivars, separately, as well as all them together. Further, cluster analysis using Ward method was used to classify the cultivars in view of all traits and correlations. The results showed that, there is a high variation among cultivars regarding correlation among the traits. The correlation between fiber length and fiber fineness was negative among all cultivars and only it was significant with Sealand and Avangard cultivars. There was not any significant correlation between seed cotton yield and fiber quality traits among cultivars. The variation also existed among cultivars in term of the traits which entered the multiple regression models and affected the fiber percent. Cultivars classification based on correlation among the traits was in agreement with that based on measured traits. The results suggest that the existing variation among cultivars may be useful for further cotton improvement programs.

This study was carried out in order to investigate on chromosomal behavior during meiosis in herbaceum (Iranian endemic), arboretum species, F1 hybrids of two species and BC4 genotypes. The endemic varieties used in this study were semnan and shahreza (herbaceum) and VTDL as arboretum cultivar. F1s investigations showed that in the adjacent and alternative quadrivalents frequently but the BC4 offspring population the quadrivalents were appeared in low frequency. Besides, other abnormalities like univalent, trivalents and triple sets of chromosomes in MII and AII were observed which was resulted in the deviation from Tetrads. Repeated back-crosses caused to reduce the irregularities, as most of the plants showed normal behavior of meiosis. Since simultaneously breeding for all traits, especially through far hybridization, is not possible at one stage, so the resulted offspring would be great achievement at the early steps of endemic cotton improvement.

To evaluate the quantitative traits of thirteen cotton cultivars this study was carried out at Varamin Cotton Research Department in 2007 using a randomized complete block designe with four replications. Cultivars were evaluatre in view of agromorphological traits with an emphasis on earliness and effects of other traits on earliness. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among cultivars for all traits. Cultivars Avangard and Chirpan 539 had the highest and cultivars Opal and Varamin X349 the lowest earliness. Based on seed cotton yield،cultivars wereclassified in to three groups, The first group comprised of eleven cultivars among them B. 557 and NO 200 had the highest fiber percent of 38. 15% and 36. 15% respectively. Cluster analysis using Ward method on Standard traits classified cultivars. Early cultivars such as Chirpan 539 and Avangard were located in this group and cultivars 43259, Varamin X349 in the second group. Generally the results of the present study showed that cultivars differed in different traits specially in earliness and its components. Early cultivars seems to be suitable for locations with short groth periods.

This study was carried out in order to investigate the chromosomal behavior duringmeiosis, morphological assessments and fibers quantitative and quality traits in herbaceum (Iranian endemic), arboreum, F1 hybrids of two species and Bc4 genotypes. Since the arboreum species used in this study had good fiber quality, so in order to improve the fiber quality of endemic cotton, hybridization between twospecies which followed by several back crossing with endemic cultivars was performed in Cotton Research Department of Varamin, Iran. The endemic cultivars were Garmsar and Qum red-boll (herbaceum) and VTDL (arboreum). Regarding morphological characters, the F1s traits were intermediate and Bc4 showed intermediated and more resembled to endemic parents traits. Cytological investigation showed that in F1s the adjacent and alternative quadrivalents were frequently occurred. In population of Bc4 offspring the quadrivalents were appeared in low frequency. Besides, other abnormalities like univalent, trivalents and triple sets of chromosomes in MII and AII were found which resulted in deviation from Tetrads. The fiber quantitative and quality traits investigation results showed that the hybrid Garmsar x arboreum had fibers with 26.7 millimeter length which caused by transferring the genes from arboreum parents to endemic cotton cultivar.

This study was carried out in order to investigate chromosomal behavior during meiosis, morphological assessments and fibers quantitative and qualitative traits in herbaceum (Iranian endemic), arboreum species, F1 hybrids of two species and BC4 genotypes. In this study, the endemic varieties Aria and Bandarabas and VTDL as arboreum were used. Regarding to the morphological characters, the F1s traits were intermediate and BC4 showed intermediated and resemble somewhat to the endemic parents traits. F1s Cytological investigations showed the adjacent and alternative quadrivalents frequently but In the BC4 offspring population the quadrivalents were appeared in low frequency. Besides, other abnormalities like univalent, trivalents and triple sets of chromosomes in MII and AII were observed which were resulted in the deviation from Tetrads.