موسی محمدی

The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the response of yield and yield components of lentil cultivars to foliar application of NPK chemical fertilizer under different planting dates. The double split-plot set of treatments was arranged within randomized complete block design with three replications during growing season 1400 at the Varzeqhan city with an average annual rainfall of 300 mm. The experimental factors were: Sowing date (main factor) at three levels: November 15 as an anticipated cropping, April 15 and April 30, Varieties (secondary factor) at two levels: local variety and Bilaswar variety, and treatment. Fertilizer foliar application (sub sub-factor) in two levels of control (no foliar application) and NPK chemical fertilizer foliar application (nitrogen 5%, phosphorus and potassium 25% dissolved in water at the rate of 3 kg per hectare). The results showed that foliar application increased the grain yield of local cultivars and Bilsawar by 25and 24%, respectively. In general, considering the economic importance of seed yield, the planting date of 15 November and foliar spraying of fertilizer with the combination of 75 grams per hectare of Fertilizer-2 biological fertilizer with 50 kilograms per hectare of triple superphosphate chemical fertilizer can have an effective role in increasing the yield. In this study, foliar application of NPK chemical fertilizer and planting date of November 15 with the highest number of pods, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, 100 grain weight and seed yield is recommended.

The pistachio is a commercial nut crop that belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. Reports for viral agents of this plant are limited to hop stunt viroid, pistachio ampelovirus A, and pistacia virus B. We investigated of the presence of viruses in Iranian Pistacia vera by analyzing publicly available RNA-Seq data. Twelve paired-end datasets were retrieved from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database of NCBI. Transcriptomic data were mapped to P. vera reference genome using Hisat2 to eliminate plant RNAs. The remaining data were de novo assembled by MEGAHIT and Trinity programs and the resultant contigs subsequently were queried versus viral reference sequences using BLASTx. Two novel viruses related to the family Kitaviridae were identified and tentatively named “pistachio virus x” (MT334618-20) and “pistachio virus y” (MT362605-06). Based on the genome structure, sequences similarity, and phylogenetic relationships we propose these novel viruses as possible members of genera Higrevirus and Cilevirus. High reads number on different plant tissues, root and leaf, of pistachio virus x led us to make a conclusion on possible systemic infection of this virus on Pistacia vera. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of possible viral agent from Iranian pistachios.

In recent years, due to the breadth and importance of corporate social responsibility, various researchers have examined new dimensions of this issue and they investigated its relationship with various issues such as corporate governance, corporate financial performance and economic conditions. The statistical population of this study is all firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, which by using the sampling method, we investigated 98 firms for the period 2014 to 2015. For collecting information, we used financial statements of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange as well as related databases. The results show that the emission of greenhouse gases of firms along with their environmental and social performance has a significant effect on the financial performance of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

Beet mosaic virus (BtMV), the only potyvirus infecting beets, is distributed worldwide in beet growing areas. Here we report the full-length genome sequence of a BtMV isolate from Iran (Ir-VRU), which has enabled us to better understanding the evolutionary history of the virus. The complete nucleotide sequence of Ir-VRU genome was determined using degenerate and specific primers and 5'-RACE and The complete genomes consisted of 9591 nucleotides, excluding the poly-A tails. The genome has a 165 nt 5´-UTR and a 168 nt 3´-UTR. The RNA of Ir-VRU potentially encodes a single polyprotein of 3086 amino acid residues and has a deduced genome organization typical for members of the genus Potyvirus. Study on five different BtMV isolates showed that Iranian isolate closelly related to German and Chinese isolates, and on the other hand, it showed more differences with American isolate. Phylogenetic analysis, along with other potyviruses, also presents the Ir-VRU as a member of the BCMV supergroup.

The Gol-e-Gohar anomaly#3 of Sirjan was initially formed by synchronous submarine basaltic volcanism and sedimentary rocks (basalt, shale, carbonates, sandstone, marl, chert-iron hydroxide-oxides) during Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran) and subsequently metamorphosed to greenschist facies during Cimmerian orogeny. The anomly contains 643 million tonnes iron ore with an average grade of 52.70% Fe, 0.76% S and 0.11% P and is enclosed by alternation of quartzite, sericite schist, chlorite schist, talc schist, biotite schist, actinolite schist. Magnetite occurs as massive, banded, cataclastic and disseminated ore and is associated with pyrite, minor chalcopyrite and bornite. Pyrite occurs as, layered, banded, folded and cataclastic and minor within the magnetite crystals. Minor minerals are tourmaline, apatite, zircon and garnet. Geochemical data demonstrate that enrichment of Cu, Pb,Co, Sn, As and Sb in magnetite ore is 2-10 times higher than the crustal abundance. The enrichment of Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, As and Sb in sulfide minerals is 3-67 magnitudes higher than the crustal abundance. The alternation of different schist bands with banded magnetite-pyrite ores, the presence of dropstones and Al-Fe-Mn, V-Ti and V/Ti-Ni/Ti diagrams indicate that the iron mineralization in anomaly#3 is similar to the Ediacaran-type banded iron formation.

Mycoviruses or fungal parasitic viruses have dsDNA, dsRNA or ssRNA genome. Some of these viruses have a restricted host range and can infect certain strains of host species. In contrast, some other viruses have wider host range and can infect different species of a fungal family. In most cases these viruses are transmitted by anastomosis of mycelium. In a phenomenon called hypovirulence, most of these viruses decrease the virulence of their host fungus. Discovery of hypovirulence revealed the biocontrol ability of mycoviruses. In summary, mycoviruses could be implemented as powerful agents for biocontrol of fungal pathogens and induction of resistance in plants.