مینا رمضانی

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) serve as molecular carriers for in vivo and in vitro delivery. Initial studies have suggested that nanotubes in drug delivery can enhance the therapeutic response to anti-cancer drugs. The present study intended to investigate the effect of CNTs carrying tamoxifen (TAM-CNTs) on the induction of apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line.

The cells were treated with various concentrations of TAM and TAM-CNTs. The IC50 for these compounds was determined using a MTT assay. The cells were then treated with a lower concentration of IC50. The BAX and BCL-2 genes expression were evaluated by Real-Time PCR and Western blot. Flow cytometry was employed for evaluating apoptosis induction by TAM and TAM-CNTs.

The IC50 value of TAM and TAM-CNTs in a 48-hour period was 66.19 mg/mL and 36.59 mg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that BAX in the cells treated with TAM and TAM-CNTs was upregulated 3.64 and 7.88 times, respectively (P <0.05). Conversely, BCL-2 was downregulated 3.98 and 5.31 times (P <0.05). Furthermore, Western blot experiments confirmed the expression of BAX and BCL-2 proteins based on their gene expression. Flow cytometry results indicated that the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells in the control group, TAM-treated, and TAM-CNTs-treated cells was 95.3%, 64.9%, and 13.75%, respectively. This suggests that TAM-CNTs significantly diminishes cell viability compared to TAM (P <0.001).

The findings revealed that TAM accompanied by CNTs exhibits a greater cytotoxic and apoptotic effect on MDA-MB-231 cells.

The Osteoblast differentiation is an essential process that causes bone stability and homeostasis. Zingerone (ZG) 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone isolated from the ginger plant is involved in many biological processes and can be used to treat diseases as an anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic agent. This study aims to identify ZG potential to bone tissue regeneration by investigating the effect of Zingerone on human umbilical cord stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and their differentiation into osteoblasts.

In this cross-sectional study, the effect of Zingerone toxicity on 2×106 hUC-MSCs cells was investigated in 4 groups; one control group without any ZG and 3 groups threated with 50µM, 100µM and 200µM ZG. Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT method after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The gene expression of miR-590 and Smad7 and differentiation markers such as Osterix (OSX) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression level of this enzyme was checked by an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) reaction.

Zingerone has significant proliferative effects on hUC-MSCs cells in 200µM (p<0.05). Zingerone positively affects the differentiation process of osteoblasts by influencing the expression of specific markers such as ALP (p<0.05 in 200µM), RUNX2 (p<0.001 in 200µM), and OSX (p<0.001). The expression of miR-590 is increased in 200µM (p<0.05), while that of Smad7 is decreased under the influence of different Zingerone concentrations (p<0.001). In fact, miR-590 suppresses Smad7 and helps the differentiation of osteoblast cells.

The results of this study showed that Zingron causes the differentiation of osteoblast cells by increasing the expression of specific markers of osteoblasts (OSX, RUNX2 and ALP). In addition, increasing the expression of miR-590 suppresses Smad7 and helps the differentiation of osteoblast cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of saffron extract on the embryo development of mice.

Pregnant NMRI mice were randomized into control and treatment groups at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg saffron doses. Saffron extract was administered to mice by gavage on days 7-12 of pregnancy. On the 17th day of pregnancy, the embryos were removed from the uterus and their weight and height measured. Moreover, their brain tissue has been evaluated histologically. Subsequently, the expression of the Foxp2 and Ascl1 genes in the brain tissue was assessed using the real-time PCR method.

All embryos were aborted in mothers that received 100 mg/kg of saffron. At dose 50 mg/kg, only embryos of a mother reached the end of pregnancy. Embryos treated with 25 mg/kg saffron were significantly heavier than controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, the tail length was significantly shorter (P<0.05). Histological findings showed that there was no difference between the control and treated groups, and the brain tissue was well developed. Foxp2 and Ascl1 genes were significantly overexpressed in both the 25 and 50 mg/kg treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05).

The results of this study showed that saffron extract can have significant effects in low concentrations (25 mg/kg) on the development of the mouse embryos as well as the expression of Foxp2 and Ascl1 genes.

Wound healing in diabetic patients is delayed, because of oxidative stress. This study aims at investigating the molecular changes in Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFs) in a high-glucose state and improving the effect of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and gene expression of oxidative genes Super-Oxide Dismutase (SOD) and Heme Oxygenase1 (HO1). HDFs were cultured in 5.5, 25, 50, and 75 mM glucose concentrations for 72 hours. Cell proliferation was examined via 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Oxidative stress markers of SOD and HO1 were quantified with real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The antioxidant effect of NAC on 1 mM was examined to evaluate oxidative markers in the glucose effects on the HDFs. The MTT assay revealed a decline in cell viability in 50 and 75 mM glucose concentrations. mRNA level of SOD and HO1 was upregulated. The antioxidant addition of NAC reduced the inhibitory effect of the high-glucose state on the proliferation of the HDFs. A high-glucose state impairs the in vitro proliferation and migration of HDFs and may, therefore, induce increased oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction. The antioxidant effect of NAC ameliorates the damaging impact of a high-glucose state.

Nowadays, probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacilli have been recognized as promising agents to prevent a large number of diseases, including cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of Lactobacillus paracasei (IBRC_10784) extract on pancreatic cancer cell line ASPc-1 and to analyze the expression of bax, Bcl2, and DPC4 apoptotic genes.

This study was conducted on ASPC-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line to assess the effects of culture medium and Lactobacillus paracasei products on the expression of genes involved in apoptosis as well as DPC4 gene expression. Lactobacillus paracasei was cultured on specialized MSR broth medium and incubated for 48 hours in a CO2 incubator. After observing the growth of bacteria, the culture medium was centrifuged for 5 minutes at 9000 rpm and the supernatant was removed. Then, the supernatant was sterilized by a 0.22-micron syringe filter and was used in the subsequent steps. In the next step, AsPC-1 cells were treated with supernatant solution for 24 hours, followed by RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. The Q-PCR reaction was performed using specific primers.

The findings of this research showed that the supernatant solution of Lactobacillus paracasei culture was able to change the expression of the studied genes, so that the expression of bax gene increased 1.86 times relative to the reference gene. Moreover, the expression of bcl-2 gene decreased by 4.56 folds compared to the reference gene. A notable point was the changing expression of DPC4 gene, which significantly increased to 2.67 folds in comparison to the reference gene (P<0.005).

According to the results of the present study, it seems that the increased expression of DPC4 tumor suppressor gene, which is one of the essential factors in TGF-β pathway, may be important in suppressing pancreatic cancer.

The high significance of Formulaic sequences (FSs) in each language has attracted the attention of scholars. This study aimed at comparing the use of FSs in English as a foreign language (EFL) and English as Native Language (ENL) lectures. Additionally, it attempted to discover the textual and structural functions of used FSs in two corpora of lectures. Finally, this study aimed at finding the position of FSs in sentences. To this end, two corpora, namely the transcribed corpus of spoken English of ELF and the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English were selected to be studied. The present study selected 100,000 words from the two corpora, approximately 50,000 from each The study employed Antconc software in order to accomplish its goal. Then, 638 FSs were extracted from previous studies and examined one by one. They were analyzed from different perspectives according to the objectives of the study. The results indicated non-native speakers used FSs more than native ones. Moreover, the most used textual function was saptio-temporal one both by non-native and native speakers. The most used structure by both groups was prepositional phrase. Furthermore, both groups used FSs in initial position more than other positions. The present study has implications for students, teachers, and material developers.

Today, the quality of urban spaces is one of the most important environmental design concerns. The present study aims to present the environmental preferences of users of under-bridge spaces to achieve an appropriate model for the design of these spaces. The study is carried out using two qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, in order to examine citizens' environmental preferences, the opinions of 50 users of urban spaces about abandoned spaces under urban bridges are examined using Quicksort technique1 and in-depth interviews, and finally, the environmental patterns affecting the design of spaces under bridges are extracted. In the second stage, the environmental patterns obtained from the first stage of the study are examined by the participation of 144 graduates of Architecture, Landscape Architecture, and Urban Design using a questionnaire and by random sampling. Then, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire are assessed and finally, after collecting the data using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the model of this study is produced in SPSS Software and Lisrel software. The results indicate that citizens’ environmental preferences for the design of spaces under urban bridges are: safety and security, physical cohesion, visibility, vitality, sensory richness, sense of belonging, and climatic comfort. This study also shows that recognizing and understanding the needs of users of space will significantly help to provide better environment to understand and experience higher quality spaces and will provide the necessary theoretical frameworks to environmental designers, especially architects and urban designers.

Due to the properties of herbal remedies and their lesser side effects than chemical drugs, much attention has now beeing paid to herbal treatments. The aim of this study was done to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Ruscus aculeatus.

This experimental study was performed on 80 male NMRI mice (6-8 weeks) weighing 23-25 gr. Animals were randomly allocated into 5 groups including: control group (distilled water), positive control group (morphine 10 mg/kg/bw in pain test and dexamethasone 15 mg/kg/bw in inflammatory test) and three groups receiving 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg/bw Hydroalcoholic extract of Ruscus aculeatus L. The pain was evaluated by formalin test and an investigation of inflammation conducted by xylene induced ear-edema.

The hydroalcoholic extract of Ruscus aculeatus L significantly reduced acute pain at 300 mg/kg/bw in compared to control group (P<0.05). Inhibition percent was 60% for acute pain and 85% in morphine group. Also, this plant caused significant reduction of formalin induced chronic pain at 150 and 300 mg/kg/bw doses in compared to the control group (P<0.05). At 150 and 300 mg/kg doses of Ruscus aculeatus L, inhibition of chronic pain was 71%, and 94%, respectively in compared with 97% inhibition in morphine group.

Hydroalcoholic extract of Ruscus aculeatus L at the dose of 300 mg/kg/bw reduces acute and chronic pain and at the dose of 150 mg/kg/bw reduces acute pain in laboratory animals.

Lavender has numerous effects such as analgesic, antidepressant, hypoglycemic, sedative and antioxidant properties and causes menstruation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the teratogenic effects of aqueous extract of Lavandula angustifolia on the development of BALB/c female mouse's embryos in the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th days of gestation. In this study, 60 adult female mice, weighing 26-28g, were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 samples each (n = 10) including the control and the sham groups and four experimental groups, after copulation and observation of vaginal plaque, and Lavender aqueous extract was injected intraperitoneally in the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th days of gestation with the dose of 15 mg/kg mouse weight. Mice were anesthetized on day 16 of gestation. After dissection, the embryos were morphologically examined and the relevant histograms and charts were prepared. The results were assessed by using SPSS 23 software and one-way ANOVA test and Tukey test. The test significance levels were considered as p < 0.001 and p < 0.05. In the study, severe abnormalities including limb displacement from symmetry axis, encephalocele and no brain development, scoliosis, hemorrhage, spinal cord protrusion, eye protrusion, lack of limb, ear and eye development and exohepatic development was observed in embryos while the control and the sham groups had no abnormalities. The rate of limb displacement from symmetry axis and hemorrhage in the experimental group No. 4 were 100% and 96%, respectively, and in the experimental group No. 3, the hemorrhage abnormality was 70% and in the experimental group No. 2, limb displacement from symmetry axis was 55%. The results indicated that the aqueous extract of Lavender can cause abnormalities in mouse embryos due to its linalool composition, thus it is not recommended for use during pregnancy.

Inroduction & Objective: Retinoic acid is recognized as regulators of the growth and cell differentiation and is necessary for normal reproductive in male and female. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of retinoic acid on the Ovaries and Oviduct Tissue in Female adult BALB/c mice In this study after determination the appropriate dose of retinoic acid, it was injected intraperitoneally (IP) for 30 days On 75 adult BALB/c mice with doses of 15 (Group I), 25 (Group II), and 35mg/kg.b.w (Group III) , control group( non- injection) and sham (distilled water injection). ANOVA analysis and Duncan test was used to compare the means with significant level (P˂0.05) and (P˂0.001). During macroscopic examination, significant weight decrease was observed in all three doses (P <0.001) and in microscopic studies, reduction of small and large diameter , number of graph follicles and corpus luteum were observed (P <0.05), (P <0.001).While increasing the number of degenerative follicles and damaged zona pellucidas were significant (P <0.05), (P <0.001) , and reduction in oviduct diameter was significantly higher than the control group, of course, this reduction was not significant. It can generally be concluded that retinoic acid has a deleterious effect on Ovarian and Oviduct Tissue of mice.

Retinoic acid is recognized as a regulator of the growth and cell differentiation and is necessary for normal reproductive in male and female. The present study was done to investigate the effect of retinoic acid on the uterine tissue and estradiol and progesterone hormones in female adult BALB/c mice.
Material & In this study after determining the appropriate dose of retinoic acid, it was injected intraperitoneally (IP) for 30 days On 75 adult BALB/c mice with doses of 15 (Group I), 25 (Group II), and 35mg/kg.b.w (Group III), control group (non- injection) and sham (distilled water injection). ANOVA analysis and Duncan test were applied to compare the means with significance level (P˂0.05) and (P˂0.001).
Uterine tissue studies indicated an increase in overall thickness of the uterus (endometrium, myometrium, perimeterum) (P It can be concluded that retinoic acid has damaging effect on the uterus tissue and sexual hormones, and its use especially in female should be by awareness and under physician supervision.

Today’s fast-paced urbanization process has caused many problems in urban development.
Therefore, urban space is slowly losing its nature and disappearing due to the speed of rapid urban development.
Trying to keep up with the modern era’s prevalent epoch of roads and bridges, urban policies in Iran have focused on developing road networks in recent years. Thus numerous elevated structures, urban highways and bridges are used to connect the urban fabric of the country’s cities, enabling the smooth transition of traffic in its cities.
Although many view urban highways merely as tools for mobility; it is true that they influence on urban structure and the communities that they interconnect. However, the majority of Iranian cities already have many highways and bridges, they still continue to construct new highways and bridges in order to solve their traffic problems. Yet the construction of urban highways, both in and around cities has resulted in the formation of huge masses of leftover spaces which can rarely be incorporated in formal urban planning and design.
Authorities and architects rarely care about the leftover spaces beneath bridges and highways. Although they are paid attention at an international level, on a national level in Iran, the leftover spaces under elevated urban constructions and bridges and their effects have often been neglected.
This research focuses on the qualitative evaluation of urban spaces, analyzes the notion of “lost and leftover spaces,” while trying to come up with a new perspective to view urban spaces and urban development in today’s world.
How we can make the most of modifying or recycling “leftover spaces” is another issue that this research is concerned with. However, the main objective of this research is to obtain design qualities in Iranian urban spaces which fulfill the needs of citizens.
This research is qualitative, based on a theoretical framework in the field of urban design, analyzing lost spaces under highways and bridges; also taking into account people’s environmental preferences obtained in a case study.
Interviews and the classification of visual information as Q- sort Technique were used in the second part of this study to extract participants’ individual preferences. The study participants consisted of 50 people aged 15- 60 who live or work near highways in either Tehran or Mashhad due to the maximum variance of sampling up to data saturation.
Extensive interviews were conducted starting with the simple question “How you would like to use spaces under bridges?” moving on to focus on the needs of the local people.
Most interviews were 20 to 35 minutes—on average 25 minutes. “Content analysis” method was used to write down and evaluate the research data in order to extract the most important findings and trends of the research.
After this, Visual Quality Assessment Method (Q-Sort) was used to confirm the results of the comprehensive interviews. In order to do this, five sets of photographs on A4 pages were shown to participants. Each one of these pages depicted different aspects of designed spaces which would help to identify people’s expectations of desirable spaces under bridges.
In order to determine individual preferences regarding to the spaces below the bridges as an urban space, the obtained data was divided into two categories: criteria of desirability and utility criteria of space.
The next step was to conduct content analysis in order to design an analytical framework developed based on Residents’ preferences, which could be applied to case studies and validate a set of informed qualities that answer the thesis question: What design qualities should we use to create relevant neighborhood spaces under the urban bridge spaces?
The evaluation of the residents’ preferences regarding urban spaces under bridges distinctly show four preferences: people expected the urban spaces to lead to air and noise pollution reduction, promote safety and security. These are the most important qualities regarding urban spaces in viewpoint of the local people.
It must be pointed out that there has been a great variety in the spaces under bridges. Some of them require careful planning and provision in order to create urban spaces that entail the desired qualities of safety, security, vitality, richness, comfort, a sense of place belonging and environmental integration.
Urban managers should allocate much more value to such qualities, leading urban designers and architects to construct more essential and eye-catching urban spaces, especially under urban bridges.
Unfortunately the current disciplines concerning leftover spaces under bridges are deficient. However, we hope that this research and its investigation of public opinion regarding the issue, initiate a way for constructive use of leftover spaces under bridges. Also, this research would be a reference and a starting point that would encourage new ideas for utilizing leftover spaces under bridges

Approximately 1% of the global population is affected by epilepsy. Topiramate is a new generation of antiepileptic drug with broad use in the treatment of seizure disorders and migraine prevention. Nevertheless, its effect on female reproductive system has not yet been studied.

The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of topiramate on the oogenesis and sexual hormones of adult NMRI mice.

In this experimental study, 50 female NMRI mice were randomly divided into five groups of 10including control group (no injection), sham group (normal saline), topiramete 25mg /kg.b.w (Group I), 50mg /kg.bw (group II), 100mg/kg.bw (group III). After 30 days of intraperitoneally (IP) injections, animals were weighed and dissected. Blood samples were collected from heart and the level of estradiol and progesterone was measured by Elisa method. After morphometric studies, 7 Micrometer sections of ovary were prepared using microtome and stained by H&E method. Data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA and Dunken post- hoc test. Significance level was considered (P <0.05).

Our findings indicated a significant decrease in parameters such as number of secondary follicles, graphian follicles and the number of corpus luteum, (P <0.001) as well as the level of estradiol and progesteron hormone (P <0.05). Changes in other factors were not significant.

Totally, it can be concluded that topiramate has destructive effects on the female reproductive system and it reduces the oogenesis process.

Artemisia absinthium (known as wormwood) is used as an antihelminthical, antimalarial, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent, and is used for treatment of gastric pain in the traditional medicine. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of A. absinthium on the ovary tissues and pituitary_gonadal axis of the adult female NMRI mice.
In this experimental study, intraperitoneally (IP) injections of hydroalcoholic extract of A. absinthium, were performed over 30 days on 50 mice with 50 (first group), 100 (second group), and 150 mg/kg.bw (third group) doses. The sham group was received distilled water and control group received no injection. After 30 days of injections, the animals were dissected, and blood samples were collected by heart aspiration. The levels of LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone of serum were measured by ELISA method. Seven µm sections of ovary were prepared by a microtome and stained by H&E method. Data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post- hoc test. The Significance level was set at p Our findings indicated a significant reduction (p Therefore, it can be concluded that Artemisia absinthium hydroalcohlic extract in high doses has damaging effects on the process of oogenesis, which may be due to α and β Thujoun, Alkaloid and Saponin constituents in this plant.

Artemisia absinthium (known as wormwood) is used as a menstruation and abortive drug in the traditional medicine. Therefore, we have evaluated the effects of A. absinthium hydroalcoholic extract on the uterus, oviduct tissues and pituitary_gonadal axis hormones in adult female NMRI mice. In this experimental study, intraperitoneally injections were performed over 30 days on 50 female NMRI mice with 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg.bw doses of the extract of Artemisia stem and flower. Sham group received distilled water and control group was kept without any injection. After 30 days of injections, animals were dissected and blood samples were collected by heart aspiration. The levels of LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone serum were measured. Sections of oviduct and uterus were prepared and stained by H&E method. Our findings in all experimental groups indicated a significant reduction in the body weight comparing with sham and control groups. In parameters such as uterus tissue thickness (Endometer, Miometer and Perimeter), and uterus glands, a significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in the groups receiving 100 and 150 mg/kg doses of the extract (p<0.05). In all experimental groups, no significant changes were observed at the levels of estradiol and progesterone. FSH and LH showed a significant decrease in the groups receiving 100 and 150 mg/kg doses of the extract (p<0.05). It can be concluded that Artemisia absinthium hydroalcoholic extract in high doses has damaging effects on the reproductive system and uterine tissue, which may be due to α and β Thujoun, Alkaloid and Saponin constituents in this plant.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) activated by ultraviolent light (UV) have been recently proposed as a nano-photosensitizer (PS) for cancer therapy. However, because adverse effects of UV light, other dopped-TiO2 NPs with ability of activation by safe light sources, such as visible light, have been recommended for photodynamic therapy (PDT) purposes. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of photodynamic N-TiO2 NPs in MCF-7 cell line as human epithelial breast cancer cell line.
MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of N-TiO2 NPs and a visible light source was used for their photocatalytic activation. Trypan blue staining was performed to investigate the rate of cell viability and cell growth at 24h and 48h upon irradiation. Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EtBr) staining and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-laddering assay were used for detecting the mode of cell death.
Treatment of MCF-7 cells with N-TiO2 NPs, up to 100 µg/ml was inert and did not significantly affect growth and viability. However, with the increasing at concentrations of NP, the rate of cell death increased considerably upon visible-light irradiation. The AO/EtBr double staining and DNA-ladder assay showed that the mode of cell death induced by photodynamic N-TiO2 NPs is mostly through apoptosis.
N-TiO2 NPs in conjugation with visible-light may be proposed as a safe approach for PDT of breast cancer cells.

Use of antidepressants such as fluoxetine, which is widely used worldwide and easily accessible to the public, causes complications such as temporary or permanent infertility. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of fluoxetine on the ovaries and oviducts of mature female Balb/C mice.
In this study after determining the appropriate dose of fluoxetine, it was injected intraperitoneally (IP) for 30 days into 75 adult Balb/C mice with doses of 15 mg/kg (group 1), 20 mg /kg (group 2), 25 mg /kg (group 3), control group (non-injection) and sham (distilled water injection). ANOVA analysis and Duncan test were used to compare the means with significant levels being considered (P During macroscopic examination, significant ovary weight decrease was observed in all three doses (P It can generally be concluded that fluoxetine has a damaging effect on ovarian and oviduct tissue of mice.

Increase in the consumption of nano zinc oxide in medicine, manufacturing cosmetic products, and in research has raised the questions about their toxicity. Because of the small size of nano materials its absorption by the digestive system is simple. In this study, the effects of nano zinc oxide have been investigated in vivo on the ileum tissue of adult NMRI male mice.
In this experimental study, male mice were randomly divided into five groups, including control, sham, and three experimental groups. 10-30 nm-sized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally in three concentrations, 100-300-500mg/kg for 21 days. Histological changes including; height and width of the ileum villus, the thickness of the muscle tissue and epithelium tissue, width of connective tissue, diameter of crypts, and goblet cell numbers were studied by One Way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer posttest, after treatments.
Findings: The results showed that nano zinc oxide had no effect on the height and the width of villi and diameter of crypts, but reduced the width of lamina propria and goblet cells of and increased the width of epithelium and muscle tissue ileum (P Discussion & The height and the width of villi and crypts diameter in the experimental groups had no significant difference compared to the sham and control groups. However, the width of the lamina propria and the number of goblet cells decreased significantly in all experimental groups, which indicated low toxicity of nano zinc oxide in these doses. A significant increase was observed in epithelium and muscle tissue compared to the control and sham groups. It seems that nano zinc oxide could be increase the growth of epithelial cells. Due to changes in the intestinal epithelium tissue in adjacent to nano zinc oxide, the long- term use of this material should be avoided.

Study of behavioral and biological characteristics of each fish can be used for Proliferation, breeding industry, maintaining, and restocking. Study reproduction in Lujanus lutjanus was conducted in the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman from December 2014 to November 2015. Sampling was conducted at 14 stations using trawl and trap monthly. In this study, the total number of samples was 247, which were 133 females, 97 males and 17 immature and the ratio of female to male was 1.37. Measuring of samples such as length (total, fork) and weight were taken. Minimum and maximum length of fish during different months was between 13 and 26 cm. Length-weight relationship was indicated Y = 0.002X 2.966, therefore, the fish had an isometric growth.Maximum and Minimum absolute fecundity were 102841 and 9870 eggs in May and November respectively. Maximum and Minimum relative fecundity were 581.02 and 73.69 eggs per gram in May and November respectively. Monthly average of GSI calculated 1.185. Maximum and Minimum of GSI were 2.304 and 0.474 in June and October 2014 respectively. Size maturity (Lm50) was 17.5 cm.

The aim of this research is the study of the freezing effects at -20°C after hydration and dehydration on the hatching efficiency, survival percentage and growth of Artemia urmiana cysts. Experiments were carried out in four treatments. In the first treatment, hatching was done after one hydration and dehydration cycle with the standard method. In the second treatment, hatching was done after one hydration and dehydration cycle and then one week freezing at -20°C temperature. In third treatment, hatching was done after one hydration and dehydration cycle and then one month freezing at -20°C temperature. Standard hatching was done without any other treatment in the control group (fourth treatment). Results indicated the cyst hatching percentage increased by increasing freezing time (one-month freezing), even though hatching percentage was higher in control group. The most survival percentage was observed in the 11th day of third treatment. The highest growth was in 15 to the 25th day of third treatment (P

Lavendula officinalis has sedative properties of aqueous extract. It is effective on diabetes and depression and has antimicrobial properties and manage. However, its effect on reproductive system has not been reviewed yet. Therefore, in this study, the effect of L. officinalis aqueous extract on ovaries BALB/c adult female mouse was stdied. After preparation of aqueous extract and when we observed lack of lethal symptoms, experiments were continued with selected doses as follows: 6 (group1: 15 mice), 12 (group2: 15 mice), 18 (group3:15mice) g/kg.bw. Intraperitoneally injections were done for 12 d on 65 mice. Results were compared with the control group (non-injection: 10 mice) and sham (injection of normal saline: 10 mice). For reliability, experiences were repeated 2 times. Data was checked with SPSS 20 and Duncan test and ANOVA with condition (P

Inroduction & ObjectiveIn addition to the sedative properties of Lavendula officinalis aqueous extract, it is effective on diabetes and depression and has antimicrobial properties. However, its effect on reproductive system has not been reviewed yet. Therefore, in this study the effect of Lavendula officinalis aqueous extract on Balb/C mouse uterus was investigated.
In this study 65 Balb/C adult female mice. After injection of aqueous extract and observation lack of lethal symptoms, experiments was continued with selected doses: 6 (group1:15mice),12 (group2:15mice),18 (group3:15mice) g/kg.bw. Interperitoneally injections were done for 12 days on 65 mice. Results were compared with the control group (non-injection: 10 mice ) and sham (injection of normal saline:10 mice. Data was checked with SPSS 20 software ANOVA and Duncan post test ,subject to P
Experiments showed a significant decrease in uterine glands, diameter of uterus and thickness of endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium P
According to these observations, it can be concluded that Lavendula officinalis aqueous extract has detrimental effect on female uterus and may be use as a contraceptive pill in the future.

Retinoids are important molecules that regulate crucial processes of development in all vertebrates. In this article, we study the effect of retinoic acid on testis development.
A group of newborn NMRI mice was chosen to receive intraperitoneally injections of 25 mg/Kg.b.w of retinoic acid and the control group had no injection. After 21 days, the male animals were isolated and sacrificed in 60 days postpartum, and testes were removed from their bodies. Apparent characteristics of the testes of seven mice from each group were observed. In the light microscopic study, these epithelial cells of the tubules were counted and the diameter of seminiferous tubules were measured with statistical T-test analysis and were compared with control group.
The findings showed that the weight of the testes in animals that were affected by retinoic acid did not change significantly compared to control group. In germ epithelium of testis, the thickness of the epithelium and the number of the spermatogonia, round and elongated spermatids has decreased significantly compared to the control group (P According to the findings of this article, using the retinoic acid after birth has influence on testis development and its seminiferous tubules epithelium. Retinoic acid has an adverse effect on the cell divisions in seminiferous epithelium, therefore the number of affected germ cells decrease. Therefore, the use of vitamin A and its synthetic derivatives like retinoic acid for pregnant women should be done with caution.

Aim and By attention to extensive use of Silver nanoparticles, this study has been done to investigate the effects of silver these particles on ovary tissue and HPG axis.
Adult female rats were divided into five groups. Treatment groups received 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day silver nano particles for 30 days orally. Then the rats weighed and levels of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone were measured. Ovaries sections were studied using light microscopy.
The weight of rats and their ovaries, the level of FSH, LH, and Estrogen of serum decreased significantly in 50,100, and 200 mg/kg doses in comparison with the control (pResults have indicated poisonous effects of silver nanoparticles on HPG-axis and ovary tissue that is dose dependent. Therefore, enough precaution must be down in chronic exposure of females.