فهرست مطالب نادر رکنی

Serendipita indica fungus acts as a growth promotor and to create resistance to environmental stresses in a wide range of plant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this fungus on the growth, yield and flowering of garlic. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design including two factors of the same group (flowering, semi-flowering, non-flowering) and two levels of fungi (inoculated and uninoculated) with three replications. The fungus increased the biomass and yield of garlic by increasing the elements. The effect of all groups on the measured traits except leaf width and chlorophyll showed a statistically significant effect. Fungus treatment did not affect the number of leaves and number of garlic. The fungus increased flowering stem length in all flowering and semi-flowering groups compared with uninoculated (30%). Flowering stem exit was not observed in non-flowering clones. The appearance of flowers was seen only in the flowering group. Flowering percentage in the inoculated flower group (45.90) was lower than inoculated (48.44). The fungus affects the time of stem emergence and accelerates flowering by accelerating maturity. The fungus had a positive effect on increasing the number and size of xylem and parenchymal cells. The results showed that S. indica consumes coexistence with garlic and improves vegetative and reproductive traits.

The dry bubble disease (caused by Lecanicillium fungicola) is the most threatening disease of cultivated button mushrooms throughout the world. Most of the symptoms shown by the dry bubble are also shown by the wet bubble (Mycogone perniciosa) and they may even be confused. Early detection and precise monitoring of the diseases are very important for managing effective treatments. A PCR-based assay for a specific diagnosis of the disease in various stages of the disease development was developed. A primer pair designed based on ribosomal DNA generated two bands, 650 and 800 bp, specific for the detection of L. fungicola. Additionally, a simple and time-saving method for direct extraction of DNA from the affected sporophores is presented and the impact of sample pre-treatment on the efficiency of DNA isolation is highlighted. Here, we also report Simplicillium lamellicola from Iran, using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.

In order to investigate the effects of silver nano particles on germination and early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling، an experiment was conducted in the form of completely randomized design with four replications. The factor A included two cultivars of wheat، and seven levels of seed coating including five different concentrations of silver nano particles solution (S)، ethanol (E) and a control (sh)، were taken as factor B. The results showed that the effects of silver nano particles on germination percent، rate of germination، germination mean time، length of radicle and plumule، dry weight of plumule and seedling، and allometry was significant. Radicle dry weight was not affected by seed coating treatment. Rate of germination، length of radicle and plumule of Verinak cultivar was higher than Chamran cultivar and the dry matter accumulation ability of Chamran was higher than Verinak. Although high concentrations of silver nano particles solution decreased Chamran germination rate، silver nano particles had no effects on this attribute of Verinak cultivar. Radicle and plumule dry matter accumulation was improved under silver nano particles in Verinak cultivar، while this attribute was relatively reduced in Chamran cultivar. The cause of this function could be explained by desirable and undesirable effects of silver nano particles on the length of radicle and plumule in Verinak and Chamran respectively.