ناصر باقری بیدهندی

After Sunnis, the Shiites of Pakistan constitute the largest population of this country. But from the cultural and social point of view, they have always been neglected by other religions. Despite the external attacks, there is no coherence in the internal circles to deal with them properly, and this has several factors; One of them is the existence of different thoughts and currents within the Shia religion and their differences with each other; They also have problems from the inside. Among them, not having a sufficient scientific and cultural base and center is a guide. The Shiites of this country do not have the same opinion regarding religious teachings; Rather, different readings can be seen among them, and the lack of a reading and opinion about religious teachings has caused the emergence of various religious currents. For this reason, they have suffered intellectual, ideological and behavioral deviations. The biggest deviation is in the areas of analysis and interpretation of the principles of beliefs, customs, and exaggeration in the expression of the virtues of Imam (a.s.). So far, four important currents have emerged among the Shiites of Pakistan. (History) and this issue has not been researched so far. (Background) How many religious-intellectual currents exist among the Shiites of Pakistan, and in which areas do they have differences and conflicts, and what are their intellectual foundations? It is an issue that should be investigated (question) Akhbaris, Sheikhis, Jamanshahis and reformists are present in this country and most of its disputes and conflicts is in the field of belief, customs and rituals of Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.) (hypothesis). This article tries to identify the currents of thought in Pakistan, explain the factors and areas of their conflicts and disputes, and identify the trend of alignment with the Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.). Target). To achieve this goal, it used descriptive and analytical method (method). According to Shia teachings, Akhbari and Jamanshahi currents have taken the path of deviation and the reformist current has chosen the way and method of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, but the reformation method of this current is also is a matter of reflection. (Found)

After Sunnis, the Shiites of Pakistan constitute the largest population of this country. But from the cultural and social point of view, they have always been neglected by other religions. Despite the external attacks, there is no coherence in the internal circles to deal with them properly, and this has several factors; One of them is the existence of different thoughts and currents within the Shia religion and their differences with each other; They also have problems from the inside. Among them, not having a sufficient scientific and cultural base and center is a guide. The Shiites of this country do not have the same opinion regarding religious teachings; Rather, different readings can be seen among them, and the lack of a reading and opinion about religious teachings has caused the emergence of various religious currents. For this reason, they have suffered intellectual, ideological and behavioral deviations. The biggest deviation is in the areas of analysis and interpretation of the principles of beliefs, customs, and exaggeration in the expression of the virtues of Imam (a.s.). So far, four important currents have emerged among the Shiites of Pakistan. (History) and this issue has not been researched so far. (Background) How many religious-intellectual currents exist among the Shiites of Pakistan, and in which areas do they have differences and conflicts, and what are their intellectual foundations? It is an issue that should be investigated (question) Akhbaris, Sheikhis, Jamanshahis and reformists are present in this country and most of its disputes and conflicts is in the field of belief, customs and rituals of Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.) (hypothesis). This article tries to identify the currents of thought in Pakistan, explain the factors and areas of their conflicts and disputes, and identify the trend of alignment with the Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.). Target). To achieve this goal, it used descriptive and analytical method (method). According to Shia teachings, Akhbari and Jamanshahi currents have taken the path of deviation and the reformist current has chosen the way and method of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, but the reformation method of this current is also is a matter of reflection. (Found)

AbstractThe word Shiism is the only word that throughout history has been associated with missionaries, scholars and authorities who have caused the rise and spread of this religion with dynamism and insight in every age.Shiite scholars are the flag bearers of religion and culture and have spared no effort to protect its sanctity. The social functions of the ulema have been very fruitful against the selfishness of the tyrant rulers, especially the Qajar sultans, as well as against the two colonial governments of Russia and Britain. They were able to maintain the religious, political, livelihood and economy of Iran to the best of their ability during the fifty-year rule of Nasser al-Din Shah (1264-1313 AH), which was the culmination of concessions to the colonial and looting states of Russia and Britain.Finally, the results of this research provide the audience with the position of scholars such as Ayatollah Kani, Mirza Shirazi, Miraz Mohammad Hassan Ashtiani, Haj Mirza Javad Agha Tabrizi, Agha Seyyed Ali Akbar Fal Asiri, etc., who were able to take a conscious action taken from the Qur'an, Sunnah , Wisdom and consensus to protect religion, acquaints.

From the fifth century onwards, the Sufis in Lahore, like other cities of subcontinent India, were revered by various religions and sects. Therefore, building shrines and going to them has been desirable. Every year, glorious gatherings are held on the birthday or death of the Sufis in honor of them that people of subcontinent India call them “Ors”. Today, the holding of Ors for the famous tombs of Lahore is formed as a culture. This article seeks to answer the question of what historical analysis of Ors ritual for the famous tombs in Lahore can be presented with a descriptive-analytical method. The results of this study show that the culture of pilgrimage and annual commemoration existed before the arrival of Islam in the India subcontinent, which also permeated the new culture, namely the Islamic-Hindu culture. Impressionability from the culture of India and tombs-oriented Islam is one of the important roots of the social and cultural position of the Sufis and the support of the Gurkhans (1274-932 AH). The expansion and formation of religious tourism, cultural centers, and the culture of (master and disciple) have been important consequences of the Ors ritual.

The phenomenon that has created the greatest challenge in the Islamic world called ISIS, which is rare in its own way, claims to have a caliphate in the Islamic world. Some Arab countries, Turkey, the West and even Israel have played a key role in feeding this funky movement. The caliphate in the idea of ISIS is faced with the main question of how ISIS's ideas about the caliphate can be analyzed, while their attitudes are less similar to those of the Salafists. The hypothesis is that Sunni's views about the caliphate have severity and weakness and do not own a comprehensive plan regarding the caliphate legitimacy. For this reason, the Theory of Domination is considered as the basis for this thought so that a phenomenon such as ISIS appears as one of the latest versions of the new Salafists claiming the revival of the Islamic caliphate with different motives.

Tolerance is one of the most important material and spiritual needs of human society today. Without tolerance it would be impossible to acquire peace and tranquility. It is actually possible to say that the person of the Noble Prophet (s) is a model for all times and with respect to all things. It is for this reason that the Qur’an refers to his conduct as being great In response to the insults, injuries and annoyance of his enemies the Prophet (s) always prayed on their behalf. He would ask God to guide them and make them felicitous. The special place of tolerance is clear for anyone who examines the verses of the Qur’an and the traditions. Thus, being tolerant is tantamount to obeying the command of God. Keeping in mind the conduct of the Great Prophet (s) we can understand that all human beings need tolerance and compassion in their individual and collective lives. In this paper, the author has discovered the high place that tolerance has in the Qur’an and the tradition, tolerance is an Islamic principle that is used to interact with other people, God commanded the Prophet (s) to be tolerant with His servants, the effect of tolerance on upbringing, the divine prophets (s) were commanded to be tolerant with people and that tolerance is an ethical responsibility in Islam. The Qur’an has introduced the Prophet (s) as being ‘a good model’. In brief, the end of the Prophet was the most compassionate and tolerant of the divine prophets (a).

The matter of history has a great portion in written works of Mohaddeth Qomi. But despite of extensive usage of his historical writings, it has not been done a proper research on his historical view. This study reports historical view of the author with a new perspective in text of these works. Qomi knew the beginning and end of the entity as a display of divine providence about universe and creation. He emphasized on the effect of religious leaders and governors in happiness and adversity of society members. In his point of view, benefit of history outcrops in description of experiences of past people. History has many consequences for our mundane and spiritual life by its experiences and shows us the way of achieving perfection. Therefore, historical perception of Mohaddeth Qomi is on the base of the thought “consolidation of faith” and religious believes in Shia society. He looked at history from a humanity and applied view and for this reason, in spite of being worthy of writing in Arabic in his own era, he went toward writing Farsi and presented his thoughts for people in a plain and easy form.

Whether or not Sheikh Safi-al-Din Ardabili, Safavid king's great grandfather, is a descendent of the holy Prophet is of great importance for having a clear idea about the Safavid government. Is Sheikh Safi al-Din among the descendants of the holy Prophet? Is his children and grandchildren’ claim that they are descendants of the holy Prophet true, especially when we consider such factors like it was the time when Ismail the 1st. became a king of Iran, a war raged between Iran and two Sunni powers (Ottoman empire in the west and Uzbek State in the east) and the repeated questioning of the idea of Safavid's Hashimi ancestry by the heads of these powers? Or, is it a political tactic to gain the support of Iranian Shiite against the attacks of these two Sunni States? Based on a scientific-historical research and historiographical records and findings, the present paper tries to address the above question.