فهرست مطالب نجمه تهرانیان

 Sexual function can be affected by hormonal changes, and recent studies indicate changes in the serum level of adipokines after childbirth. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual function after birth, the type of delivery, and the serum concentration of omentin-1.

 This prospective cohort study was conducted in 89 women who were in the third trimester of pregnancy and met the inclusion criteria. The mother's serum omentin-1 concentration was measured in the first 24 hours after delivery, and its relationship with postpartum sexual function was evaluated according to the effect of delivery type.

 The results of the analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between sexual function and the type of delivery (P≥0.05). Also, serum levels of omentin-1 in the first 24 hours after vaginal delivery were higher than cesarean, but this relationship was not significant (P= 0.948). The results of Pearson's correlation test, between the serum level of oemantin-1 and sexual function in the vaginal delivery group showed that omentin-1 has a significant and inverse relationship with sexual function in the third trimester of pregnancy and the 12th week postpartum. (Respectively r= -0.317, p= 0.034 and r= -0.327, p= 0.028).

 The results of the present study showed that the type of delivery had no significant relationship with sexual function. Also, the serum level of omentin-1 in the first 24 hours was higher in vaginal delivery than in cesarean. It can be concluded that the higher level of omentin-1 in mothers with vaginal delivery may act as a protective factor against metabolic disorders.

Adipokines play essential roles in the human body, including regulating the inflammatory process, the immune system's activity, the vascular system, and reproductive function, and performing glucose homeostasis. Adipokine levels change during pregnancy and postpartum, and these hormones play an important role in fetal growth and development. This study aimed to compare maternal leptin and omentin-1 serum levels in vaginal and cesarean deliveries and their relationship with anthropometric indices.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 2020 on 90 women (45 patients with vaginal delivery and 45 patients with elective cesarean delivery) admitted to the Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran, who were selected conveniently. Intravenous blood samples were taken in the first 24 hours after delivery to measure maternal leptin and omentin-1 serum levels.

The mean age was 25.8±4.6 and 29.5±4.5 in women with vaginal delivery and elective cesarean delivery, respectively. The results showed that maternal leptin and omentin-1 serum levels were higher in vaginal delivery than in cesarean delivery, although the difference was significant only in leptin serum levels (p<0.001). Also, no significant relationship was observed between fetal sex and anthropometric indices with maternal leptin and omentin-1 serum levels (p>0.5).

Leptin serum levels were significantly higher in the first 24 hours after vaginal delivery than after cesarean delivery Vaginal delivery can be recommended as the preferred method due to its critical role in metabolic and anti-inflammatory activities and reproductive function regulation.

Sexual function is a part of human life and behavior and is a multidimensional phenomenon that is influenced by a variety of biological, psychological, and social factors. Estradiol is the hormone which is directly related to the level of sexual function. Prevalence of Covid 19 virus causes severe mental and physical stress which may result in reduced sexual function. This study was performed aimed to determine the association between serum estradiol levels and stress score with sexual function in women referred to Shohadaye Yaftabad Hospital (simultaneously with the outbreak of coronavirus).

This correlational study was performed in 2021 on 223 pregnant women aged 18-35 years referred to the gynecology clinic of Shohadaye Yaftabad Hospital (simultaneously with the outbreak of coronavirus). The women underwent venous blood sampling in the follicular phase and then completed the demographic characteristics (including personal information), the Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the DOS Stress Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) and Pearson correlation test and one-way analysis of variance. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

According to the Pearson correlation test, the mean of the total score of sexual function had a significant inverse correlation with stress (p <0.001, r =0.983). In other words, the more stress reduced the score of sexual function. Also, based on this test, estradiol levels have a positive correlation with sexual function (p =0.001, r = -0.223).

According to this research, the stressful conditions including the coronavirus pandemic resulted in reduction of sexual function and estradiol levels.

According to the protective role of Nesfatin-1’s in obesity, this study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship between serum Nesfatin-1 with mothers' anthropometric indices at 18-24 months postpartum in terms of mode of delivery.

This nested case-control study was performed on 42 pregnant women with gestational age of 28-32 weeks who had referred to the Mahdieh hospital in Tehran for prenatal care in 2014. Serum Nesfatine-1 levels were measured during 28-32 weeks of gestation and 24 hours after delivery using ELISA method. Then, the subjects were divided in two groups of case (natural vaginal delivery) and control (cesarean section). Anthropometric indices were measured two times in the third trimester of pregnancy and then 18-24 months after delivery. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and Chi–Square, linear regression, Spearman, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and Mann-Whitney U test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Serum level of nsafatin-1 after cesarean delivery had negative significant correlations with BMI at third trimester of pregnancy (P = 0.001, r = -0.66), postpartum follow-up BMI (P = 0.004, r = -0.59) and postpartum weight retention (P = 0.05, r = -0.42). Serum nesfatin -1 was a significant independent predictor of postpartum follow-up BMI (P <0.01). Serum nsafatin-1 had no significant relationship with weight gain during pregnancy and anthropometric indices in NVD group (P> 0.05).

It seems that lack of increase of Nesfatin-1 after elective cesarean section will predispose the mother to obesity in the distant future in postpartum period.

The presence of apelin in hypothalamus indicates the potential role of this hormone in the balance of energy and food intake. According to apelin’s protective role on obesity, this study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship between serum apelin-36 with mother's anthropometric indices at 18-24 months postpartum.

In this nested case-control study, serum apelin-36 levels of 42 pregnant women was measured during 28-32 weeks of gestation and the first 24 hours after delivery using ELISA in 2014-2016. After delivery, the participants were divided in to two subgroups based on mode of delivery; vaginal delivery group and cesarean section group. Anthropometric indices were measured two times; third trimester of pregnancy and then 18-24 months after delivery. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and independent t and paired t-test, Chi-square, regression, and Pearson correlation test. P<0.05 was considered significant.

Mean of serum apelin-36 level after vaginal delivery had a nearly significant reduction compared with third trimester of pregnancy (P=0.05). Serum level of apelin-36 after cesarean delivery had negative significant relationship with BMI (P = 0.007, r = -0.57) and waist circumference (P = 0.003, r = -0.62) at postpartum follow-up. Linear regression analysis revealed that serum apelin-36 after caesarian delivery was a significant independent predictors of BMI at postpartum follow-up (P< 0.01). Apelin-36 had no significant relationship with anthropometric parameters in vaginal delivery group (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean of anthropometric indices between two groups including: total pregnancy weight gain (P = 0.51), third trimester BMI (P = 0.11), BMI (P = 0.19), waist circumference (P = 0.21), systolic (P = 0.22) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.34), weight retention (P = 0.37) at postpartum follow-up.

Maternal serum apelin-36 level had negative significant relationship with maternal body mass index and waist circumference in cesarean section group. However, this mechanism is not completely known.

Nowadays, medicinal plants are considered by women, especially in the fertility and pregnancy age, in ways that the trail of herbal medicine is observed in about half of primigravida women. In addition to health benefits, herbal drugs can also have toxic effects. Therefore, performing clinical studies on herbal extracts is beneficial. This review study aimed to overview the effects of Evening Primrose on clinical obstetrics in Iran.

In this review study, the quality of articles was assessed by the modified Jadad scale. From 90 articles obtained from search engines in the period of 1991-2018, 15 full articles that achieved a score of ≥3 were entered into the study, and their results were categorized in terms of randomization, blinding, and different biases.

In this study, some of the positive effects of Evening Primrose were improving the lipid profile of gestational diabetes, reducing the hormonal complications of polycystic ovary syndrome, improving premenstrual syndrome, accelerating the transition from postpartum grief, and replacing HRT in menopausal symptoms. However, mastalgia had no particular superiority to previous therapies. Regarding Bishop Score in the post-term period, further investments are required to more evaluate its local impact.

In Iran, most studies on Evening Primrose are related to the premenstrual syndrome in women, the results of all of which have confirmed the positive effect of this plant on the decrease of PMS symptoms. It seems that Evening Primrose can be suggested to reduce PMS symptoms in women.

one of the hormones that appears to play an important role in regulating body growth is ghrelin. This study aimed to determine the association between Maternal serum ghrelin level and neonatal anthropometric indicators at birth.Materials &

In this cohort study, 35 eligible pregnant women in their first trimester that were allocated by Using Convenience sampling were divided and matched in terms of BMI before pregnancy into normal and higher than normal BMI groups A ( n=14) and B ( n=21). Serum ghrelin level was measured during 6-12 and 15-20 weeks of gestation using ELISA method.

Mean non-fasting serum gherlin level (first and second trimesters) had not significant deference between two groups (p1=0.93, p2=0.76, in first and second trimester, respectively). Also there is a ascending increase in mean serum ghrelin level with increasing gestational age from the first to the second trimesters in both groups but was not significant (pa=0.15, pb=0.24, in A and B group, respectively). No significant correlations were detected between non-fasting serum gherlin level (first and second trimesters) and neonatal anthropometric indicators.

The lack of any direct relationship between Maternal serum ghrelin level and neonatal anthropometric indicators does not support the hypothesis that ghrelin has major role in foetal growth

Visfatin is an Adipokine secreted from adipose tissue that seems to be related to weight gain during pregnancy. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the relationship between serum visfatin levels in pregnancy with anthropometric indices and maternal gestational weight gain. This cohort study was conducted on 56 pregnant women aged 18-40 years at first trimester of pregnancy who had referred to populous health comprehensive centers for prenatal care from December 2015 to September 2016. Pregnant women were divided in terms of BMI before pregnancy to two groups: A (normal BMI) and B (BMI higher than normal). Serum visfatin level was measured in gestational age of 6-12 and 15-20 weeks by ELISA method. Data collection method included observation, examination and interview with patient using the questionnaire in three parts: personal information, maternal medical and obstetric history, and fetal variables, laboratory results. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, Regression and Spearman ranking correlation tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean serum visfatin significantly increased from first to second trimesters in both groups (Pa=0.005, Pb=0.001 in A and B groups, respectively). Mean serum visfatin levels at second trimester was significantly higher in B group than A group (p=0.04). Maternal weight gain during second trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher in A group compared with B group (p=0.03). In group A, second trimester visfatin levels had positive and significant relationship with third trimester BMI (p=0.01, r= 0.54). An incremental pattern of maternal plasma visfatin concentration with pregnancy progression in pregnant women with normal BMI may be a function of incremental changes in visceral adipose tissue, which contributes to increased flexibility of maternal metabolism in pregnancy and reduced incidence of metabolic diseases.

Adipose tissue communicates with other central organs and the environment through the synthesis and release of substances called adipokines. Visfatin is an adipocytokine and a polyotropic protein whose function acts not only as an enzyme, but as an adipocytokine, a growth factor, and cytokine as well. Over the past few years, new roles have emerged for visfatin in terms of fertility and reproduction. The purpose of the present study is to summarize the current knowledge on this subject. In the present study, 137 full-text and short articles were obtained and reviewed through the electronic search by entering the relevant key words in Sciencedirect, Pubmed, Google scholar, Google published from 1993 to 2016. The results of several studies support the strong association of visfatin with insulin resistance-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and PCOD. In addition, with the deviation of embryo development from its natural course (embryo growth limitation and macrosomia), the initiation of labor is associated with sexual maturation (spermatogenesis) in males and the increase in the number and quality of oocytes in people with PCOD undergoing Infertility treatment through stimulating inflammatory responses. The results of this review report confirm the role of visfatin in fertility and reproduction. Further research to understand the relationship between visfatin and fertility disorders and pregnancy complications is needed in order to find possible medical treatments.

The physiologic childbirth program in Iran is an emerging program that needs to be evaluated like any other program to improve its quality and process. Evidence suggests that the implementation of the physiologic childbirth program faces some challenges. The present research aimed to explore the challenges of the physiologic childbirth program from the perspective of service providers.
Methods & Materials: This qualitative research was carried out through a content analysis method in two mother-friendly hospitals of Ahwaz and Mashhad in 2016-2017. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 17 physiologic childbirth service providers. The content analysis method of Elo and Kyngas was used for qualitative data analysis.

Data analysis led to five main categories: low motivation of midwives in performing physiologic childbirth; barriers related to manpower; medical interventions in physiologic childbirth; challenges from the environment and facilities; and educational barriers.

Different challenges in interaction with each other create a complex environment in which the implementation of physiologic childbirth program becomes more difficult. Therefore, policymakers, authorities, doctors, midwives and mothers need to work in a coordinated way to resolve the mentioned challenge

Adiponectin is a hormone from adipokine family, which releases from adipose tissue cells and has many biological roles. According to the literature, the level of this hormone reduces in obese individuals. Several studies have investigated the relationship between adiponectin and gynecological diseases. However, no study reviewed the role of adiponectin hormone in fertility and sterility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the literature regarding adiponectin hormone role in fertility and sterility.
This study reviewed 18 articles which were searched in the reputable online databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Iran Medex. The searches were performed using keywords, such asadiponectin, fertility, sterility, and ovulation among the papers published during 1996-2018. We classified the studies and considered P Adiponectin is one of the hormones that affect the reproductive system.Ovulation disorders (e.g., PCO and hypothalamic amenorrhea), metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and infertility are associated with reduced adiponectin level. On the other hand, treatments for infertility, including ovulation induction, IVF, and ICSI are accompanied by increase in adiponectin level. Therapy is more likely to be successful in subjects with higher adiponectin.
Regarding the positive effects of adiponectin and its basic role in fertility and sterility, it is possible to measure and evaluate this hormone for management and follow-up of fertility and sterility. Consequently, further attention and research about this hormone seems to be necessary.

Obesity and the associated consequences is a major health concern. Infertility is considered as one of the most important health problems. Studies have shown that there is a relationship between obesity and infertility. Obesity causes hormonal disturbance and also interferes with the normal ovulation process.

This study investigated the relationship between obesity and risk factors for infertility.

this study is a comparative analytical one done on 200 women (100 women infertile and 100 fertile women), admitted to Kowsar hospital in Qazvin during 2013-2015. Sampling method was simple. Tool for data collection was a check list including: demographic data, blood pressure, BMI and the waist to hip ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and analytical methods in spss.16.

The results showed mean body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio between the two groups were significantly different (P

The present study revealed a positive association between infertility and increased lipid profile in infertile women. Therefore, due to the increasing prevalence of obesity in the society, we need to pay special attention to this issue and take into account public awareness and lifestyle change programs.

Gestational diabetes is a common problem in pregnancy that affects about 7% of pregnancies. The high intake of iron intake is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between total iron intake (diet and supplement) and gestational diabetes.
This is a one-year prospective cohort study. 120 pregnant women referred to rural health centers in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran were enrolled in the study. The data were collected using a checklist, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) questionnaire for measurement of iron intake through food. Demographic data was presented as mean±SD or number (%) and final results were presented with Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval.
The findings showed that hemoglobin level in 6-10 (OR: 2.62 CI: 1.42-4.39) and 24 to 28 weeks (OR: 2.9 CI: 1.43-4.02), the amount of iron intake from the beginning of the pregnancy from 6 to 10 (OR: 2.81 CI: 1.28-3.98) and 16-20 weeks of pregnancy (OR: 2.94 CI: 1.35-5.43) as well as, the amount of iron supplemental ingestion (OR: 2.83 CI: 1.39-4.54) are the most important predictors of GDM.
According to the findings of this study and the current national guidelines for the administration of routine iron to all pregnant women, increasing the level of iron by supplement and subsequent increased risk of GDM should be more considered.

Adipokines are hormones secreted from adipose tissue in response to extracellular stimuli and changes in metabolism. These hormones are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin is one of these adipokines that has anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the role of adiponectin in gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and obesity during pregnancy.
To conduct this research, a systematic of descriptive _observational studies by review was conducted searching databases, i.e PubMed, Iran Medex, SID, Google Scholar, between January 2000-February 2017, using the related keywords.The quality of the extracted articles was evaluated based on the STORBE checklist of contents and finally 20 articles were analyzed.
Adiponectin levels early in pregnancy increased, and with increasing insulin resistance during pregnancy, these levels gradually declined in maternal circulation and adipose tissue. Decreased adiponectin concentrations were also observed in obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus and can exacerbate insulin resistance, although levels of this hormone appears to increase in preeclampsia.
These results indicate that reducing adiponectin levels is possibly involved in insulin resistance during pregnancy, obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus and the increase in levels of this hormone in preeclampsia is probably a physiological response to improving vascular function and insulin sensitivity.

Adipose tissue plays a role in releasing hormones including orexin, that regulates energy metabolism, nutrition, body weight, control system, autonomic, sleep, insulin sensitivity, breathing, drug addiction ,and reproductive axis. The pregnancy is associated with a series of metabolic changes that provide energy and nutrients for mother and fetus. Orexin increases insulin sensitivity and reduces diabetes and metabolism and increases energy expenditure and development of the fetus and newborn. This review aimed to summarize the studies related to orexin A ,normal and complicated pregnancy, lactation ,and sudden infant death (SID).
In this study, 320 articles were found through electronic search in Pubmed, Google, Google Scholar, Yahoo, Iran Medex, Science Direct, and SID databases during 1998 to 2016 and 13 articles were finally examined.
The results showed that orexin A in the placenta plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism during pregnancy and AF volume and its reduction probably causes idiopathic polyhydramnius and increases the risk of gestational diabetes resolutions. And its reduction after delivery increases prolactin and lactation. Orexin A reduction in brain stem is associated with sleep disorders that causes sudden infant death to occur.
The study showed that, orexin plays a role in improving insulin resistance and sets the sleep cycle, fetal and infant growth , uncomplicated pregnancy ,and lactation.

Leptin is a polypeptide produced by many cells, including adipocytes and appetite regulation is one of the most important functions. This hormone is a molecule with high potential to participate in a wide range of physiological and pathological functions that increase during pregnancy. During labour, leptin levels increase significantly, which can explain the difference between maternal serum leptin levels in vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Therefore, In this study, we compared maternal serum leptin levels during the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum in the two groups of women delivered by vaginal delivery and caesarean section. In this a nested case-control study of 166 pregnant women, maternal serum leptin levels at 28-32 weeks gestation and the first 24 hours after birth were measured. Data were analyzed by using the t-test, Fisher and Chi-square tests. Test results indicated a significant difference in serum leptin levels in both women before and after vaginal delivery and elective caesarean delivery (P>0.001) and (P=0.004) respectively. Maternal serum leptin levels in the first 24 hours after birth in the two groups showed significant difference (P>0.001). Maternal serum leptin levels were significantly higher after vaginal delivery than after cesarean section. Given the widespread effects of leptin on maternal and neonatal outcomes, vaginal delivery is recommended as the preferred method.

Increased oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome attracted attentions to antioxidant treatments. Calligonum Comosum is a planet with antioxidant propertis. This study aimed to investigating Calligonum effect on polycystic ovarian histology of polycystic ovary mouse model. Thity two female NMRI mice with 25-30 gr weight and 8 weeks age were investigated. A single dose of estradiol valerate (40 mg/kg; im) was used for induce polycystic ovarian morphology. Calligonum Comosom extract (20 mg/kg/ week; ip) was injected for 4 consequent weeks. In sham group, only DMSO was used. After 4 weeks, blood and histological samples were prepared to study. There was no significant effect of 20 mg/kg Calligonum on polycystic ovarian morphology mouse model. The effect of other doses of Calligonum Comosum on fertility or adverse effect of this planet need to be more investigated.

Serum leptin is a circulating hormone that is expressed abundantly in adipose tissue. Defects in the leptin gene and its receptor causes numerous pathological problems such as over eating and obesity, improper functioning of the reproductive and hormonal imbalances. The purpose of this review is summarizing and analyzing articles about the effects of leptin on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. The Pubmed, Medline, Irandoc, SID, Science direct, Magiran database were surveyed for original studies describing the association between leptin effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. Totally, 120 articles were reviewed and 70 articles of association with leptin effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcome were selected and investigated secondarily (review essay). A significant relationship was found between maternal weight and maternal serum leptin. Studies have indicated that leptin levels are increased in pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and diabetes. Cord leptin level was significantly associated with birth weight, length and head circumference of infant. In addition concentrations of the polypeptide in umbilical cord blood were correlated with placental weights. This hormone is also found in breast milk that can prevent obesity in the infant. Many physiological roles have been suggested for leptin in human pregnancy. Leptin also plays a role in the pathophysiology of pregnancy, and it may be predictive in the complication of pregnancy. Studies have suggested that recombinant human leptin can be used in the treatment of pregnancies with fetal growth restriction. In general, to identify the effects of this hormone, further studies are needed.

Background and Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating disease which is associated with a variety of morbid symptoms. This study aimed at exploring the perception and experiences of patients with endometriosis about pain. A qualitative research was performed in 18 patients with endometriosis attending Arash Hospital (Tehran, 2014). They were selected by purposive sampling. Data was collected by semi-structured interview and analyzed using a conventional content analysis. Two main themes emerged from the participant's experiences: 1) disruption of individual and family life and 2) feelings of threat and vulnerability. The first theme included two categories: suffering varied and diffused pain and disruption of sexual activity. Categories of the second theme were: complaints of severe and intolerable pain and various actions taken to reduce the pain. The findings suggest that patients with endometriosis suffer various pains that influence different parts of the body. These pains are often felt with great intensity and may have devastating consequences on their lives. Deep attention should be paied to the symptoms of these patients and health authorities should not trivialize their pain so that early diagnosis is made and suitable interventions are performed to promote such patients’ health.

Pregnancy is a condition associated with decreased thermogenesis leading to increased body fat mass. In early pregnancy، lypogenesis routes are dominant that seems it is by hormones such as Leptin، while at the end، lipolysis molecular routes are more active. The key role of Leptin in animals and humans is regulating body fat which its levels increases with increased gestational age، peaks in second trimester and stays platue untill term. This systematic review was performed with the aim to summarize the studies related to leptin and weight gain during pregnancy. in this study، 56 abstract and full text articles were obtained from electronic research by entering the desired keywords in Sciencedirect، Pubmed، Googlescholar،Yahoo، Iranmedex and SID databases since 1995 to 2013 that finally 22 full text articles including 4 Persian and 18 English were reviewed and evaluated. The literature review suggests a strong possible association between maternal serum leptin levels and maternal weight gain during pregnancy، and this relation was a significant correlation in most studies independent of body mass index. Although the results of this review article indicate a strong association between maternal serum leptin and their weight gain during pregnancy، but due to controversial studies in this field، further studies are needed for definite judgment.

Recently there is a focus on the antioxidants as adjuvant treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most endocrinopathy in reproductive age women.

The aim of this review is answer to the question whether antioxidants are effective for managing of hormonal and metabolic problems in women with PCOS based on first degree evidences from Iran.

A systematic review of clinical trials was done in Persian and international databases including PubMed, Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, and Magiran up to 2013. Keywords were including polycystic ovary syndrome, Iran, vitamin, antioxidant. From 440 potential studies found electronically, 11 studies; including 444 women in intervention and 390 women in control groups. Intervention in three studies was Calcium-vitamin D or calcitriol; in three studies was ω-3 fatty acids; in two studies was N-acetyl cysteine; in one study was folic acid; in one study was Zinc; and in one study was Soy.

Finally, 11 studies that were relevant and met the inclusion criteria reviewed. There were 7 studies in English and 4 studies in Persian. We couldn’t include all studies because all full texts were not accessible.

The results showed that antioxidants and vitamins have positive effects on management of PCOS women. Although it seems more studies is necessary in this field.

Objective (s): Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating disease، which affects all aspects of the women’s life. The purpose of the present study was to explore the perception and experiences of endometriosis patients about femininity. A qualitative research was conducted to obtain data from 18 purposely selected endometriosis patients referring to a teaching hospital in Tehran، Iran. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and were analyzed using a conventional content analysis. Seven categories and three main themes emerged from the participants'' experiences. The themes were: 1) Feeling gynecologic disorders included three categories: menstrual disturbances، complaint of irritating cyst and pelvic infection problems، 2) Disruption in marital life included two categories: dyspareunia and infertility، 3) Disrupted social life included two categories: emotional and communicational disturbances and impairment in daily activities. The findings of present study showed that endometriosis affects femininity، which may have devastating consequences on individual، family and social life of affected person.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PectaSol on modification of Doxorubicin (Dox) cytotoxicity and apoptosis and cell cycle in prostate cancer cell lines (DU-145 & LNCaP)

Human prostate carcinoma DU-145 and LNCaP cell lines were treated with various concentrations of pectaSol, Dox, or a combination of both.Cell viability was determined via the MTT assay and cell cycle progression was determined by flow cytometry using Flowmax Software.

DU-145 (androgen independent) cell lines were more sensitive than LNCaP (androgen dependent) cell lines.Combination of PectaSol and Dox resulted in a 17.6% and 19.6% (p <0.001) decrease in the viability of the DU-145 and LNCaP cells. The IC50 values decreased 1.5 fold and 1.3 fold in the DU-145 and LNCaP cells, respectively. Treatment with both drugs led to an increase in Sub-G1 arrest (54.6% versus 12.2% in Dox) in DU-145. In LNCaP cells, combination of both drugs led to an increase in G2-M arrest (61.68% versus 53.56% in Dox).

Based on our findings, the progressive cytotoxicity effect of Dox and PectaSol together induce rapid cell death in DU-145 through apoptosis and in LNCaP cells through cell cycle arrest (G2-M arrest).

In biomedical research, we are concerned with exploring the risk factors of disease and classifying the patients based on similarity of their responses. However, traditional methods need to consider the related assumptions that are difficult to establish in biomedical studies. In this study, an alternative analytical method was used for determining the risk factors of breast cancer and classifying patients into groups based on similarity of their features. Advances in the practical and theoretical aspects of tree-based methods were developed by Breiman et al. (1984) in their monograph on classification and regression trees. Tree-based methods have become one of the most flexible, intuitive, and powerful data analytic tools for exploring complex data structures. In this article, we used the data from a case-control study. The two groups included 628 women who were under 40 years old. The case group included women with positive breast cancer diagnosis, and the control group included the patients who referred to Emam Khomeiny hospital with non-hormone and non-neoplastic disease. Of covariate selected to build the classification tree methods, the following variable determined to risk factors for breast cancer: Family history breast cancer, and ovarian cancer, irregular menstruation, none of physical activity, and low age of menarche. The simplicity of result interaction in terms of clinical or other relevant patient characteristics made trees an appealing approach in clinical and epidemiologic investigation.