نسیم جعفری

The purpose of this research was to analyze thecultural and social drivers of self-governance in the firstsecondary schools of Ahvaz city in order to provide a model.

The research method wasqualitative. In the qualitative part, determining the drivers ofschool self-governance to present the model with 18 experts inthe field of school self-governance in the city of Ahvaz usinga semi-structured interview approach, and the results of thispart were analyzed and interpreted with the coding method ofCorbin and Strauss (2001). which finally led to thepresentation of the initial research model.

The findings of this research in the qualitative partof the drivers of school self-management in five drivers,including economic drivers (1- attracting the participation offamilies, institutions and organizations, 2- government supportand budget, 3- cost and income management and 4- incomegeneration schools), drivers of policy and decision-making (1-decentralization, 2-determining the limits of authority andresponsibilities, 3-revision, amendment and approval of laws),drivers of facilities and equipment (1-educational space, 2-hardware and software equipment), drivers of knowledge andinformation (1-Training of managers and teachers andbeneficiaries 2-Knowledge of educational management 3-Knowledge of experts) and cultural and social drivers (1-Culturization and awareness of families about educationalissues 2-Responsibility of executive agents 3-Using culturalinstitutions for awareness ) identified.

Cultivation and awareness of families abouteducational issues is one of the main elements of parents'participation in school issues. The participation of parents andthe main elements of the school in the management of schoolaffairs makes them have a positive attitude towards the schooland the role of the teaching staff in the growth and educationof their children.

Marital adjustment can play a fundamental role in the couples’ life. Marital adjustment affects couple's physical and mental health, and increases their ability to cope with the problems and stress-making factors. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compile the model of some antecedents and outcomes of marital adjustment.

The present descriptive study was of correlational studies with structural equations modeling. The statistical population of the study included all married employees at University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, from whom 172 people were randomly selected and responded to Snyder adults hope questionnaire, Oxford Argyle et al. happiness questionnaire, Busby et al. marital adjustment, Khodayarifard et al. assessment of religious tendency, and the scale of Connor and Davidson’s resilience. Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS software.

Suggested model of the study had a very good goodness of fit. The results showed the direct effect of religious tendencies, resilience, hope, and happiness on marital adjustment (P < 0.01 for all). Moreover, the results showed an indirect effect of religious tendencies, resilience, and hope on happiness through marital adjustment (P < 0.05 for all).

Marital adjustment is a protective factor for physical health and well-being, and a sign of a couple's progress and success. However, the existence of these effects depends on the degree of adjustment between the couple. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to variables such as resilience, religious tendencies, and hope, to improve marital adjustment and to create happiness and vitality in life.

Apical root resorption is an adverse side effect of fixed orthodontic treatment which cannot be repaired. The aim of this study was to use panoramic radiographs to compare the root resorption before and after the orthodontic treatment with standard edgewise. 018 appliance.

The before and after treatment panoramic views of sixty-three patients needed fixed orthodontic treatment included 1520 teeth were categorized into 3 Grades (G0: without resorption, G1: mild resorption with blunt roots or ≤ 1/4 of root length, G2: moderate to severe resorption or > 1/4 to 1/2 of root length. Relationship between root resorption and sex and treatment duration was analyzed with Mann-whitney and Spearman's correlation coefficient, respectively.

The findings showed that 345 teeth were categorized as Grade 1. Grade 2 of root resorption was not found in this study. The highest amount of root resorption was recorded for the mandibular lateral incisor. In both gender, the root resorption of the mandible was more than that of the maxilla. The males showed significantly higher rate of resorption than the females (P<0.05). Root resorption was not significantly related to the treatment duration and the side of the jaws (P>0.05).

The mandible and male patients showed higher amount of root resorption. In addition, root resorption was not related to the treatment duration and the side of the jaws.