هایده ممی یانلو

The respiratory disease Covid-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China and spread as a pandemic. The mental vulnerability of nursing students to the stress caused by professional challenges, especially during the corona virus pandemic, was one of the problems that had to be addressed. The purpose of this study is to investigate depression, anxiety and stress in nursing students of Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences during the corona virus pandemic in 2021.

This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in the secend half of 2021 in the nursing faculty of Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences among 108 nursing students. The data collection tool includes two parts of the demographic characteristic's questionnaire as well as the DASS-21 depression, anxiety and stress scale, which was provided to the students as an online questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS software version 16 was used for descriptive statistics and chi-square test, and a significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.

Based on DASS-21, the average stress intensity of the participants was 8.40 ± 0.5, the average depression intensity of the participants was 6.41 ± 0.51, and the average anxiety intensity of the participants was 5.48 ± 0.41. There was no significant relationship between the background variables of age, gender, marriage and hospital employment with the level of depression, anxiety and stress of the students participating in the research.

According to the obtained results, the stress subscale had the highest intensity and the anxiety subscale had the lowest intensity among the participants. It seems that nationwide vaccination against covid-19 disease and paying attention to training nursing students to face similar critical cases and increasing personal protective equipment during the pandemic can be effective in preventing nursing students from depression, stress and anxiety.

Complications due to lack of awareness are one of the most important factors in re-hospitalization of these patients. This study conducted to determine effect of small group intervention program on knowledge and health literacy among patients with heart failure. This randomized clinical trial carried out on 150 patients with heart failure hospitalized at hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. After obtaining informed consent، subjects randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Before the study، demographic، health literacy، and knowledge questionnaires were completed by the participants. The control group received routine care; while، in the intervention group training were conducted in small groups، in addition to the manual about disease and self-care that created by the research team. Finally after 6 months questionnaires were completed by two groups and the data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Mean and standard deviation of knowledge and health literacy in the control group were 1. 78±0. 87 and 1. 77±0. 83 and in the intervention group they were 2. 48±0. 68 and 2. 53±0. 72، respectively. Covariance analysis also showed significant differences in the level of knowledge and health literacy scores of patients in the intervention group compared to the control group (P=0. 01). Improving knowledge and health literacy using small group education method is recommended in the care plane of patients in the hospitals and rehabilitation centers.

Providing protection strategies against depression or anxiety after coronary artery bypass surgery has been recommend by different studies. Accordingly this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and depression and anxiety before and after surgery in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft in 2012. This cross-sectional study was performed through convenience sampling with 105 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft admitted to the Dr. Lavasani hospital in 2012. After completing the perceived social support, anxiety and depression questionnaires, patients were assigned to three groups (low, medium and high social support); then One week after surgery, patients were again asked to complete questionnaires for depression and anxiety. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical (chi-square, t-test and ANOVA) using SPSS-PC (v. 16). The majority of patients were male (55.2%) and married (83%). The mean score of perceived social support was 57.49, the mean score of pre and post- operative depression was 13.62± 6, 16.97± 7.88 respectively and the mean score of pre and post-operative anxiety was 21.8 ± 8.95, 17.79 ± 7.49 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups of patients (low, medium and high perceived social support) in terms of depression and anxiety (P< 0.000). In other words, the mean depression and anxiety in patients with low perceived social support was higher than the other two groups. There was a statistically significant relationship between perceived social support and depression and anxiety in patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts. Accordingly it seems crucial to recognize and improve these patients’ social support resources.

A quasi-experimental study was carried out in 1999-2000 to evaluate the effects of a play program on the nxiety of hospitalized school-age children. For this purpose 60 hospitalized school-age children at edical units of Tehran Medical Center of Children were selected using the non-accidental and accessible sampling method. Then, they were divided into the case and control groups which were matched egarding demographic factors (e.g. sex, age,. ..). The data was gathered using different questionnairs covering demographic data, anxiety state inventory for children, child medical fear scale, and physiologic indicators of anxiety.After the pretest a designed play program was carried out in the case group at 3 sessions each session eing 30 minutes. The results were as follows: Data analysis using the chi-square (X2) showed that the demographic factors were similar in the two groups (P> 0.05).The paired t-test indicated a significant reduction in the anxiety state after the play in the case group (P<0.001). The paired t-test showed no significant variation in the anxiety state of the control group at the begining and the end ofthe study.The t-test showed no significant differese between the anxiety state of the case and control groups before the play program (P > 0.05).The t-test showed a significant difference between the anxiety state of the case and control groups after he play program. There was no significant difference between the physiological indexes of anxiety between the case and control groups before the play (P>0.05). But after the play program, the t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding these indexes (P<0.05).The paired t-test showed a significant difference between the physiological indexes of anxiety measured before and after the play program in the case group (P < 0.05).Therefore, the hypothesis of the research stating "anxiety of hospitalized school age children in case roup will decrease compared with the control group was proved. Therefore, it is recommended that play, as an effective technique, can be used to reduce the anxiety of hospitalized children.