وحید باوی

To evaluation of drought tolerance of advanced barley lines، 12 genotypes were grown at 2 experimental conditions of irrigated and drought condition at two growing seasons (2005-2007) in Gachsaran dry land agricultural research station. These experiments were performed as complete randomized block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Data were collected from some agronomic and morpho–physiological traits and stress susceptibility-tolerance indices i. e. MP، GMP، HARM. STI، SSI and TOL. Results of combined analysis of variance for irrigated and stress conditions showed that the effects of year was non-significant and other effects (genotype and genotype × year) were significant at 1% level of probability. Average reduction of yield caused by drought stress was 28. 05%. Grain yield for drought condition ranged from 2. 682 t/ha (genotype L7) to 4. 071 t/ha (genotype L6) and for well watered status ranged from 4. 245 t/ha (L 4) to 5. 952 t/ha (L5). Two lines possessed higher tolerant indices i. e. 0. 89497 and 0. 88295 respectively than other genotypes. In consideration of grain yield in rain fed and irrigated conditions and different sensitivity/tolerance indices، principal components analysis and means of agronomic traits، genotype of L6 (average yield of 4. 996 t/ha) could be released as more adaptive genotype for warm and dry land regions. Moreover، STI and GMP were recommended as appropriate indices for improve grain yield under both optimum and stress conditions.

The effect of late planting heat stress on yield and yield components was studied in 11 barley lines from ICARDA and one cultivar from Iran (Izeh) during two years (2005-2007) in Gachsaran Dry-land Agricultural Research Station. Each line was planted in a 6-rowed plot at two dates: normal planting (middle of November) and late planting (end of December) with three replications using a randomized complete block design. Results showed that heat stress (late planting) significantly decreased the number of spikes per unit area, grains per spike, thousand-grain weight and grain yield by 25.2%, 6.3%, 3.6% and 34.8%, respectively, while grain filling period did not show a significant reduction under heat stress. The number of days to heading showed the highest correlation with yield (-0.65). Mean product (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and stress tolerance index (STI) were the best tolerance indices showing the highest correlation with grain yield under both normal and heat stress conditions. Based on two years data of STI, GMP, MP and yield, line 6 turned to be the most tolerant line and could be recommended for cultivation in tropical areas of Iran.

To evaluation the adaptability and yield stability of dryland barley lines at tropical and sub-tropical dryland areas this study was performed with 20 barley genotypes in RCBD for three growing season (2002-2003 to 2004-2005) at 3 tropical and sub-tropical dryland areas. Bartelet and Hartly Fmax tests were used for detecting homogenity of error variances. Result showed that error variance for all of expriments were hemogenous at 5 and 1% probability levels. To estimation of stability and adatability grain yield of lines، Lin and Binns method (intra location variance)، regresion indexes، deviation from regresion، coffiecient of location variation، coffiecient of determination (R2)، and non-parametric methods such as rank and standard deviation of rank (SDR) were used. Result of combined analysis of 3 years and 3 location showed that the effects of line، line × year and line × year × location were significant at 1% probability level، while the other effects were not significant. The lines of 13، 12، 16 and 17 have the highest grain yield (3. 889، 3. 776، 3. 763 and 3. 545 t/ha، respectively). Results of stability analysis indicated that the line of 13 had higher mean rank for grain yield and in respect of standard deviation of rank line of 1 had lower SDR (2. 59) followed by line of 13 (2. 74). in respect of environmental variance and environmental cofieceint variation lines No. 2 and 14 detected with the at least amounts 0. 36 and 19. 5% respectevely. In comparing all of lines about stability parameters، lines No. 13، 16 and 17 recognized as the the best lines and finnally line 13 as the new barley line that now introduced namely mahoor.

Different methods for determining the effect of genotype × environment interaction, there are parametric, nonparametric and multivariate methods. Nineteen selective advanced genotypes of durum wheat from 2004-2005 advanced yield trial by cv. Saimareh with the control variety for three agronomic years (2005-2008) in five locations (i.e: Gachsaran, Gonbad, Koohdasht, Moghan and Ilam) planted by using randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. In this study, four multivariate cluster analysis methods of Lin and Butler and AMMI method for analyzing of Genotype × environment interactions were used. In methods one and three of cluster analysis genotype 14, in methods two and four of cluster analysis genotype 12 were placed in individual group and these genotypes were selected as most stable genotypes with higher yield than total mean yield. The genotypes of 2, 4 and 14 have lowest SIPC1 in AMMI method and higher average grain yield than total mean yield determined for most stable genotypes. By attention to the result, genotypes 12 and 14 with average yield of 3218 and 2970 kg/ha respectively selected as promising genotypes for introduce cultivar. Also genotypes 2, 9 and 13 can use for excel and adaptable parents in crossing block projects.

Present work was conducted to study on the adaptability and yield stability of V. narbonences promising lines at warm-dryland areas. This study was performed with 5 V. Narbonences genotypes in RCBD (4 replication) for three growing season (2001-2002 to 2003-2004) in 3 warm drayland areas at Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad province namely Basht، Dehdasht and Lishter. Seeds were planted in six rows (4m length of the rows) corresponding to each of the 5 genotypes and a border of 25 cm width. Combined analysis of variance for three years and locations for wet forage and biomass yield were implemented. Result showed that error variance for all of experiments was not significant at 5% and 1% probability levels. For the study of stability and adaptability yield of lines were used from Lin and Binns method (intra location variance)، Regression indexes، Deviation from regression، Coefficient of location variation، Determination index (R2) and Non-parametric methods such as Rank and Standard deviation of rank (SDR). Results of combined analysis of 3 years and 3 locations showed that year and location effects for wet forage، biomass and seed yield were not significant at 5% and 1% probability levels. Year×location intraction for forage، biomass and seed yield were significant at 5%، 1% and 1% probability levels respectively. Line effect for biomass and forage yield no significant but for seed yield significant at 5% probability levels and line×year intraction effects for wet forage، biomass and seed yield were significant at 5%، 1% and 5% probability levels respectively. Line×location intraction for above characters at 1% probability level was significant and finally line×year×location intraction for all of traits were not significant. With regarding of forage and biomass yield، other agronomic characteristics and stability parameters lines No. 4، 5 the highest yield and good stability parameters recognized as stable and adaptable lines in rest of genotypes. Finally we can recommend these lines for the warm areas of Iran.

To estimate the optimum and effective amount of nitrogen fertilizer for quantity and quality improvement of three new durum wheat lines, this research was conducted in Gachsaran Dry-land Agricultural Research Station for a duration of 4 years (2003-2007). The study was performed as a factorial expriment, using a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Two factors of: 4 nitrogen rates [0 (N0), 25 (N25), 50 (N50) and 75 (N75) kg ha-1] and three durum wheat lines (L1: 43210 Karaj (Capieti), L2: MNA-1/RMF7 and L3: SORA/2 * PLATA-12) were taken into condsideration. Results indicated that nitrogen rates exherted significant effects on plant height, spike length, number of spikes/m2, number of grains/m2, harvest index, grain yield as well as grain protein content. There was a significant difference among these three lines in the above respects. Capieti (L1) bore a higher number of grains per spike (50.52), harvest index (46.15%), higher grain yield (3.491 t. ha-1) and grain protein content (11.63%) followed by line L2. Among these lines, L2 had a higher plant height (86 cm) and with respect to spike length, the two lines of L2 and L3 produced the longer and the shorter spikes respectively. On the other hand, nitrogen rates presented significant differences in all the evaluated traits with the exception of 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Higher grain yield (3.85 t. ha-1) and higher grain protein content (12%) were obtained from the nitrogen treatment of N75. The study on relation of grain yield and harvest index indicated that for each 1% increment of harvest index, grain yield increased approximately 0.076 t ha-1. Finally, to obtain higher grain yield per unit area, higher grain protein content and for prevention of further environmental pollution caused by inappropriate application of nitrogenous fertilizers, a pure nitrogen rate of 75 kg ha-1 with application at planting time is recommended for these new lines at this site as well as for other similar regions.