فهرست مطالب پرستو حسن زاده

The aim of this research was the construction of the Implicit Association connectedness with nature Test and its prediction with place attachment and environmental identity in students.
The research was kind of surveying and descriptive (correlation). Its statistical population was composed of all students of Tehran public universities and 207 of them were selected by volunteering method. Research tools included the Implicit Association connectedness with nature Test (researcher-built), Place Attachment Scale (Saffarinia, 2011), and Environmental Identity Scale (Clayton, 2003). For measuring the scale`s reliability was used of Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and test-retest method and for studying validity was used of concurrent validity (Pearson correlation coefficient). In addition, to study the fitness of hypothesized model of the relationship between environmental identity and connectedness with nature with mediating of place attachment components was used path analysis method.
The reliability coefficients by means of the test-retest method showed that the test has satisfactory reliability. In addition, the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between place attachment and environmental identity with connectedness with nature (p<0.01) implying that relatively high concurrent validity Implicit Association connectedness with nature Test with place attachment and environmental identity scales. Results of path analysis showed that the modified model had acceptable fitness with data, and therefore environmental identity through place identity and emotional attachment influence directly and indirectly on connectedness with nature, and among components of place attachment only place identity and emotional attachment mediated relationship between environmental identity and connectedness with nature.
According to the research results, recommended to environment stakeholders and environmental psychologists that exhibiting educational workshops educate and develop Implicit Association connectedness with nature Test and connectedness with nature and place attachment concepts and for increasing connectedness with nature activities for reinforcing place attachment and environmental identity.

The aim of this research was the comparison of place attachment, psychological reactance, and social well-being in residents of private homes and apartments in Rasht city.

The research was kind of causal-comparative and its sample was composed of 100 women and men residents of private homes and apartments in Rasht city that were selected by purposeful sampling method. Research tools included Place Attachment Scale (Saffarinia, 2011), Psychological Reactance Scale (Hong & Faedda, 1996), and Social Well-being Scale (Keyes, 1998). For analyzing data was used of one-way and multivariate variance analysis.

The results indicated that place attachment, psychological reactance, and social well-being had significant differences (p<0.05) in residents of private homes and apartments in Rasht city. In other words, residents of private homes had more place attachment and social well-being than apartment residents and apartment residents had more psychological reactance than residents of private homes.

According to the research results, to increase the place attachment and social well-being and reduce the negative psychological reaction of the apartment residents, it is necessary to plan and design the place in such a manner to create perceptual-emotional experiences and positive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral connections.

The aim of this research was the comparison of forgiveness, aggression and social well-being among among healthy individuals and people with social phobia and narcissism. The research was kind of causal-comparative and it`s sample was composed of 90 people (30 people with social phobia, 30 narcissistic and 30 healthy individuals) that were selected by convenient sampling method. Research tool included Social Phobia Inventory (Connor etal, 2000), Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Terry, 1998), Forgiveness Questionnaire (Saffarinia & Mafakheri, 1390), Ahwaz Aggression Scale (Zahedifar, Najarian & Shokrkone, 1379) and Social Well-being Scale (Keyes, 1998). For analyzing data was used of multivariate variance analysis. The results indicated that healthy individuals experienced higher forgiveness and social well-being and lower aggression than narcissistic individuals and people with social phobia. According to the research results, exhibiting educational workshops and considering therapeutic techniques in psychological interventions is recommended for inhancing forgiveness and social well-being and decreasing aggression in narcissistic individuals and people with social phobia.

Overweight and fatness in childhood and juvenile periods in Iran and around the world has been significantly increased. Despite overweight is not considered as psychological disorder, it leads to many problems including behavioral issues. This research tries to predict disorders in primary school students with overweight. Statistical population is all of primary school students in Tehran while 260 students were selected as sample using cluster sampling. The main tool in this survey was children behavior check list (CBCL). Using logistic regression, results showed that overweight forecasts somatoform disorder and age of children in significant level (P<0.05) while emotional problems, anxiety, parents’ education and job and child’s gender is not predicted by overweight. According to the results since somatoform predicts overweight, representing body’s critical issues, making parents informed and changing their view about overweight and fatness and therefore behavioral problems seems to be necessary. So, planning and policy making is suggested for children’s health

This study examined the effect of the components of prosocial personality and narcissism on social well-being in men and women resident in Tehran city. This research was a correlational one. Statistical population consisted of all women and men resident in Tehran in 2013. 200 male and female resident in Tehran were randomly selected by multi-phases clustering sampling. Research tools were Keyes` Social Well-being Questionnaire (1998)، Penner`s Prosocial Personality Questionnaire (2002) and Raskin & Terry`s Narcissistic Personality Inventory (1988). For data analysis، pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used. Research findings showed that prosocial personality and it`s components had positive correlation with social well-being (P<0. 01) and narcissism and it`s components had negative correlation with social well-being (P<0. 01). Also، the results of multivariate regression indicated that prosocial personality and narcissism can predict about 40% of the variance of social well-being. Therefore، eleven hypotheses of current research was confirmed: prosocial personality، other-oriented empathy، helpfulness، narcissism personality، authority، exhibitionism، superiority، exploitativeness، entitlement، self-sufficiency، vanity had a significant effect on social well-being (P<0. 01). According to research results with reducing narcissism in individuals and reinforcing their prosocial personality can help them promote their social well-being.

The aim of this research was to study psychometric elementary characteristics of Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure in women and men residents of Tehran city. Statistical population of research was included all women and men living in Tehran that 800 women and men were selected through multi-phases clustering sampling. Partiants responded to Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (Gibbons & Buunk, 1999). For studying the scale`s reliability we used Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and test-retest method, and for studying valilidity, content validity and confirmatory factor analysis was used. Pearson and Cronbach`s alpha coefficients showed that this scale has high reliability in both abilities and opinions factors. The results of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the model has good fitness in determining factors in the primary form expressed by Gibbons and Buunk (1999). Also, results of normalization showed that median of abilities and opinions in the Iranian sample were 20 and 17 respectively. According to research results, Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure is a reliable and valid tool for measuring social comparison among Tehranian women and men.

According to Sandra Bem، children are active in forming their gender roles and even may have more stronger gender stereotypes than their parents. Also، according to gender schema theory، gender development in children is not only influenced by their cognitive development، but also society has effective role in its formation. Therefore، the aim of this research was to study the psychometric characteristics of Boldizar`s Children`s Sex Role Inventory (1991) in Iranian population. The statistical sample of this research included 483 male and female elementary students graded forth، fifth and sixth in Tehran City that wer randomly selected by multi-phases clustering sampling. The research instrument was Boldizar`s Children`s Sex Role Inventory (1991). For studying the scale`s reliability and validity، Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis were used respectively. Cronbach`s alpha coefficient showed that Children`s Sex Role Inventory has high reliability in masculinity، femininity and neutral factors and Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model has good fitness in determining factors in the primary form expressed by Boldizar (1991). Also، the results of normalization showed that median of masculinity and femininity in the sample were respectively 2. 8 and 2. 7. According to the research results، regarding the social-cognitive changes in Iran society، Boldizar`s Children`s Sex Role Inventory for studying Tehran elementary students sex role is a reliable and valid tool.

Present study has been done to study of the relationship of social support with coping strategies in patients with diabetes type 2. In this correlation research, sample was included 400 patients that were selected through random cluster sampling. For gathering data was used of Vaux & et al social support scale and Lazarus-Folkman coping strategies test. To data analyze statistically, Pearson`s correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were employed. The results indicated that social support has a significant positive correlation with seeking social support, accepting responsibility, planful problem solving and positive reappraisal and has not a significant correlation with confrontive coping and distancing, has a significant positive correlation with self-controlling and has a significant negative correlation with escapeavoidance. In addition, the regression analysis showed that others support and family supports are the best predictors of problem-oriented coping. Regarding the findings, through the consultation can help diabetic patients to have social support and can cope with disease stresses.

the aim of this research was to study psychometric characteristics of masculinity and femininity factors in short form Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory with emphasis on factor analysis in Iranian population. Statistical population of this research was included employed women and men in Tehran City`s state companies, administrations and organizations that About 1000 employed women and men randomly selected by multi-phases clustering sampling from statistical population. Research tool was Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory. For studying the scale`s reliability was used of Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and for studying the scale`s validity used of exploratory factor analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach`s alpha coefficient showed that Bem`s Sex-Role Inventory has high reliability in both masculinity and femininity factors and Confirmatory factor analysis showed that model has poor fitness in determining factors in the primary form expressed by Bem, while the results of 30 items` exploratory factor analysis showed three factors, masculinity, femininity and neutral with changing in some main items. Results show that not only some of femininity and masculinity traits have changed under culture and governing values on Iran society, but olso importance of masculine and feminine traits are under governing culture on society.