فهرست مطالب پروین رضایی

The research under the name: "Religious intellectual components influenced by Sufi literature" aims to compare the words of the people of knowledge and tariqat (in poetry) with religious intellectual components in contemporary Iran, such as: rationality, tolerance and Tolerance, pluralism, religious democracy, gender freedom and equality before the law and things like this - which are mainly the result of modernity and today"s world - have been matched and from this point of view, how and the extent of the productivity of religious intellectuals from the legacy of ancient Sufi literature present to the reader.

The search method in this research was analytical-descriptive. Based on this, by using library resources and taking notes from reliable scientific sources, the intended goals have been pursued.

Among the findings of this research, it is possible to mention: familiarity with the flow of religious intellectuals as well as their intellectual components - in three generations - in the contemporary era. Another thing is that the intellectual flow from the first generation that starts with Mohammad Taqi Shariati, Mehdi Bazargan and Seyyed Mahmoud Taleghani to the second and third generation namely Ali Shariati, Mohammad Mojtahedshabestari and Abdul Karim Soroush and several others, what intellectual (ideological) stages have they gone through and finally the generation How have the Soumis been able to adapt today"s intellectual components, which mainly originate from the Western world, with the thoughts and teachings of the people of the Iranian Tariqat and knowledge, and in a re-interpretation they offer to their society.

What was obtained from the above research is, in short, that: the current of religious intellectuals is the continuation of the path of religiosity and idealism that was formed after the arrival of Islam in Iran. The intellectualism of the current generation began with the appearance and presence of personalities such as Seyyed Jamal Asadabadi, Mohammad Abdo and Mohammad Bagher Sadr and was continued by Mohammad Taqi Shariati, Ayatollah Taleghani, Professor Morteza Motahari, and then Ali Shariati. With the emergence of Ali Shariati, Abdul Karim Soroush, Mohammad Mojtahdshabastri, Seyed Mustafa Mohagheg Damad, Gholamhossein Ebrahimdinani, etc., this movement experienced its third generation and despite all the differences of opinion and tastes that existed among these people, they were in agreement on several things, such as : Many articles of the declaration of human rights, ideological and political tolerance, pluralism, freedom and equality of rights of individuals and minorities, gender equality of men and women in the law, etc. Of course, Motahari, Taleghani, and Ebrahimi, moderate religious people, and others such as Soroush, Mojtahdshabastri, and Malikian, who are more avant-garde, have appeared.

The concept of "I" or "self" in contrast with another, in addition to formulating differences, distinctions or contrasts, deals with a deeper issue, namely the discovery of individual and social identity, which in contemporary literature and due to the proximity of literary works to society and social aspects, has a bolder effect. "I and the other" in the macro dimension is organized by the dual opposition of good and evil, and in the next layers, national, religious, ideological, etc. distinctions continue this duality. The meaning of the other is a person, group, race or class that is defined as an outsider by religion, religion, ideology, social class, political view and nationality. This research aims to find and analyze the effects of confrontation and interaction of "self and other" in the poems of Ahmad Shamloo by examining Shamloo"s poems based on Bakhtin"s theory.

The analytical model of this research is based on the descriptive-analytical model, which collected data and evidence from the example of Ahmad Shamloo"s poems with a library method, and then analyzed it based on Bakhtin"s theory of otherness.

In the past and based on the thinking and attitude that was influenced by the traditional teachings of ancient societies, people rarely heard the opposing voice, which caused a continuous confrontation between themselves and others, and this issue is reflected in ancient literary works and texts. In today"s modern world, this confrontation and monotony has given its place to findings such as interaction and polyphony, and parallel to this tremendous change in people"s thoughts and relationships, it has gradually been manifested in the writings and poems of contemporary authors. Among the contemporary poets and writers in our country who apparently benefited from the theory of this Russian thinker in his works and poems is Ahmad Shamloo.

Shamloo"s political activities and political attitude make him stand out and distinguish him from other contemporary poets, and of course, the similarity of the time when Shamloo lived in terms of the tyrannical and suffocating environment with Stalin"s dictatorship period in the Soviet Union during his lifetime and that both were political fighters. It is noteworthy. Shamloo is so immersed in his political life that he sees everything through the lens of politics, even love, and in fact he sees poetry as a tool to express political goals and serve the struggle. In a word, according to Shamloo, an "insider" is someone who has the same political views as him and fights for freedom, and "other" in his opinion is anyone who does not step on the path of freedom or is an obstacle to achieving freedom.

Mortality is a fundamental human concern and does not apply to followers of a particular religion. Scholars of the Shari'a have always conducted extensive research on the subject of death, its secrets and hidden angles. But beyond forced or inevitable death, it is a voluntary death that happens at the will of the mystic. And in the cult of mystics, it has been interpreted as: "death of abyaz" or enduring hunger: "death of aswad" (enduring the persecution of the people), "death of akhzar" or contentment and Sufism: "death of ahmar" or self-control. It has also been interpreted as "repeated death," "death before death," and "voluntary death", "death after death". The great Persian poet, Attar, who was one of the advocates of "voluntary death", has always emphasized in his literary and mystical works that it is better for those who are unable to escape and fight with death to try to achieve "voluntary death" with austerity and self-purification. This belief is inspired by many Quranic verses and hadiths that the author has studied in an analytical-descriptive way and through consulting libraries sources and the ways used for detecting it in Attar's works. Strong evidence, in this regard, has been found in Attar's poems and sayings. The results of the study showed that Attar deeply believes that for true happiness, one must move with will and awareness, and in the light of awareness and austerity, one must save themselves from the shackles of existence meaning to reach their true beloved, God.

The present mixed-method study examines the effect of Iranian EFL teachers’ teaching experience and academic degree on five dimensions of reflective teaching. In this line, a 29-item Likert scale Reflective Teaching Questionnaire composed of practical, metacognitive, critical, cognitive, and affective dimensions was administered to a convenient sample of 142 male/female B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. EFL teachers with 4-30 years of teaching experience. Moreover, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 16 EFL teachers yielding more in-depth triangulated data on their reflection levels and the related problems. The MANOVA results indicated the significant effect of teachers’ experience and academic degree on their reflective teaching with the least effect reported on the affective dimension. The results indicated significant interaction of the two research variables with the dimensions of reflective teaching. Moreover, the interview results indicated that lack of time, prescribed syllabi, and ineffective teacher training programs were the main obstacles of reflective teaching. The findings may bear implications for Iranian curriculum developers, materials writers, teacher trainers, administrators, and EFL instructors.

Brain drain is a phenomenon that has become more widespread in recent decades. This issue is gradually becoming a crisis in Iran. Considering the importance of maintaining the elites in the country, this study endeavors to offer solutions to manage this crisis.

In this qualitative study, the opinions of experts on the issue of brain darin were received and analyzed using a crowdsourcing system. Coding method, content analysis and Maxqda10.2 qualitative data analysis software were used to analyse data.

Key results were classified into three main categories: causes of brain drain, its consequences and management strategies. Data analysis lead to extraction of three main categories including: 1) causes of elite migration with two subcategories of repulsive factors of origin and gravity of destination countries;  2) consequences of elite migration with 2 subcategories of elite migration threats and elite migration opportunities; and 3) elite migration strategies with six subcategories of accurate problem recognition, reforming the nurturing system and supporting the elites, establishing and strengthening the system of innovation, reforming the administrative system and meritocracy, promoting the status and dignity of human resources,  fulfilment of the obligationof macro-policymakers.

Elites tend to migrate due to repulsion of the country of origin and multiplicity ofattractions in the destination country. Policymakers in various fields are expected to develop clear programs and laws to manage and eliminate retention of elites and strengthen attractions to prevent the brain drain.

Education has long been of great importance and poets and writers have always paid attention to this issue in their works. Nazaari Ghohestani is one of the poets who knows the value of applying educational teachings. As he has mixed her lyric poems with a kind of teaching and her poems are full of educational and moral themes and meanings. In this research, the author intends to study and analyse the content-statistical content of the educational teachings in Hakim Nazaari's lyric poems by descriptive-analytical method and with library tools. The result of this study shows that Nazaari in her sonnet invites important moral and humanizing virtues such as patience, repentance, kindness, forgiveness, good behavior and kindness, contentment and fidelity to the covenant And he Forbids and warns against vices such as hatred, greed, cunning and deceit, pride and wonder, persecution of others, oppression, High interest to worldly belongings, etc.

The purpose of this study is to examine the prominent rhetorical techniques of Attar's ghazals. The main question here is what style he has applied in the structure of the elements of a verse, using the science of innovation and expression. It looks necessary to know the most frequent ways of arranging Attar's ghazals and the style of linking them to his fundamental and mystical thoughts. In composing ghazals, he apparently attached great importance to adorning the language, applying the figures of speech in the field of gentle innovation and spirituality and its methods of similes. Seemingly, he knew a more effective speech is the one that is more adorned. Hence, with the aim of emphasizing mystical themes, he created another effect and function of all kinds of pun, simile, ambiguity- proportional and coherent- repetition, personality-oriented allusions, axial paradoxes, etc., that goes beyond the mere rhetoric and embellishment of verses. Perhaps, Attar's goal was to highlight  his thoughts through such literary techniques. As the result, he made his ghazals more musical and influential with his knowledge, insight, and mastery of the functions of rhetoric and innovation. For him, even the most trivial innovative point appeared to be a medium for the effective induction of his mystical thoughts. Attar is also known as a content-oriented and mystical poet who paid special attention to the processing and arrangement of his words in poetry. The most important feature of his ghazals is the proportion of form to meaning. (Shafi’ee Kadkani, 2001: 60) Every talk of fade and finitude is aligned with innovative verbal and spiritual figures of speech, as much as possible; for example, to make the concept of "losing one's head" and "knowing one's secret" influential, he used  pun and repetition (see Attar, 2013: 363). To sum up, his using simile, ambiguity-proportional, coherent or contradict-pun, repetition, and allusions in his ghazals seems to be a way of artistic expression of his main mystical concepts and thoughts such as epiphany of God and His manifestation and concealment- seeking, love, knowledge, satiety, manifestation, existence and non-existence, poverty and annihilation, fade and finitude, conversion death and part moving towards the whole or immersion in the essence of the beloved (employing the similes of candle, butterfly, particle, sun, drop, sea, ball, and polo, etc.).

Attar Neyshabouri's moral views and words in Persian poetry and prose are valuable and worthy for further reflection and more research. Though the mythical and linguistics characteristics of Attar's works have been mainly focused on, the moral and and didactic issues of his works, especially in his Muṣībat-Nāme, have been less researched on. This article is going to perform a content and statistical analysis of Muṣībat-Nāme. The research seeks to answer the following questions: which themes, moral contents, and advice are more outstanding in Attar's mystical view in Muṣībat-Nāme? and is Attar's mysticism close to practical wisdom? Attar's concern was to elaborate virtues and warning and forbidding vices. Ethical and humanizing issues in educational and mystical literature are frequently recounted in the journey of the main character, i.e. Fekrat as a seeker. These themes were good temperament, fraternity, kindness, reflecting on afterlife and destiny, belief in mortality, forgiveness, justice of the king and ruler, love, servitude, modesty, trivializing the lust, avoiding lies and greed, invitation to fellowship and contentment, learning wisdom, sincerity, friendliness, despising the world, condemnation of the world and the self, observance of moderation in affairs, tolerance and patience. While narrating the mystical allegory of the journey for self-knowledge, Attar did not neglect the educational and moral anecdotes; And as far as possible, in the section of short anecdotes of this mystical prose, he considered ethics, moral virtues and preaching to follow them, condemning moral vices and avoiding from them. Another result of this research is that the expression of advice and educational topics of the short anecdote section in these forty essays (destination) is usually consistent with that section. For instance, during the narration of the seeker's journey to the soil, he spoke of humility and modesty, and during the journey to visit prophet Ibrahim (the God’s friend), he spoke of friendliness, fraternity and friendship. One important result of this research is that most of Attar's educational and advisory verses have been in short anecdotes and the sayings of Old man to Fekrat the seeker have more mystical aspects.

Paying attention to the mystical language of Attar on the one hand and the study of the language of sonnets from the perspective of modern linguistic perspectives on the other hand could reveal the need for further research. The present study focuses on the frequency of using the concepts of ‘fading’, ‘finitude’, ‘inexistence’, and ‘existence’ in Attar’s sonnets. The concept of finitude in Attar’s sonnet is expressed by different structures, words, phrases, sentences, and forms so much that the main and major topic of his sonnet is apparently ‘finitude’ -- aconcept which in fact had occupied his mind and diction and resulted in applying various verbal and semantic elements in this network. This network has not been linguistically examined yet. Therefore, this study has examined it in Attar’s sonnets through documentary and library research, and based on general and structural linguistics. Accompanying and evoking concepts, Attar devoted many themes, symbols, allusions, and expressions to the frequent topic of a mystic (seeker) and lover’s fading and finitude. Identifying such cases via structural linguistics can offer the readers a new insight.  Based on the results of this study, not only contrasting and antonymy, but also semantic evoking, synonymy, and nominal collocation (noun+ noun/ noun+ adjective, etc.) seem to influence Attar’s diction and discourse. However, he never ignored using the phonetic association of /f/ to express finitude. Besides, in this conceptual network, he referred a lot to the heroes of religious and mystical ‘finitude’ and ‘death seekers’ such as prophet John (AS), Imam Hussein (AS), Idris (AS), and Hussein Mansour. The results showed that the notion of ‘finitude’, ‘poverty’, and ‘existence’ occupied Attar’s mind so much that his sonnets’ diction is mainly devoted to express and illustrate numerous linguistic elements and images in this regard. Moreover, the structure and form of most of his sonnets depend on such systematic structural techniques.

 The academic success of medical students can lead to better health services. Various factors can be related to their success or failure. This study investigates some factors, especially demographic factors, related to the academic failure of medical students.

 This case-control study was conducted in 2016 among students of Bandar Abbas Medical School. The required information was obtained from the education office of school, counseling unit, and student files. In this study, 119 students with academic failure were selected as the case and 119 students formed the control group. The criteria of academic failure in this study were the drop in average grade in the second semester compared to the first semester of more than two points, becoming contingent in one semester, and having an average grade point from 12 to 14. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and analytical statistics (independent t-test, chi-square, logistic regression, and odds ratio).

The results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between residence status, father's and mother's educational level, and the type of diploma and academic failure (P< 0.05). But there was no relationship between age at the time of academic failure, marital status, diploma grade point average, acceptance quota, and acceptance rank and academic failure (P<0.05). Based on the results of logistic regression, none of variables related to each other.

 According to the results of this study, social and cultural factors such as residence status and educational status of student parents can be associated with academic failure. Therefore, in order to promote the future of community health, these factors should be considered.

Reflecting on Rumi's thoughts and delving deeper for the mystical researcher, it is renewed every time a new creation is received. In the contemporary era of applied research there is a great deal of interest and this subject is also discoverable in Mathnawi. In this paper, the author discusses mystical ideas in pragmatics in a descriptive-analytic way. The findings of the study show that what the West and its theorists today speak of and argue as pragmatism has practically made its way into Iranian culture and literature. He has very carefully understood and knows that human interest and even the current generation are those teachings that are consistent with action.

The Maqâsed ol-Owliâ fi Mahâsen ol-Anbia manuscript is written by Mahmoud Fâryâbi, an author in sixth century (AH). It provides a biography of the Prophets and some stories of their lives in form of a literary narration. This book has never been textually criticized and published before. The text moves away from a simple and easily read narration becoming more of a medium technical discourse in form. Rich vocabulary, metaphorical expressions, immense novel and poetic phrases, different homonymies, allusions, homophonies, phonotactics, analogies, inlays, artistic application of Qur’anic verses and sometimes their tactful interpretation, abundant pictures, rhythmic and fluent language, etc. are all among the remarkable instruments that are used to elevate the poetic features in this text, giving it an astonishing artistic and literary value. Based on the facts stated above, the authors in this article are trying to extract the main characteristics of the text from its various pictures and expressional and literal complexities, using concept analysis and research method, and provide a ground for introduction of this lesser known text for the researchers and those of interest. Due to the fact that Faryâbi writes the text to be an amendment on the works of others, the stories stated, except for complete stories of Yosef Prophet (peace be upon him), Mohammad Prophet (P.B.H) and Moses Prophet (P.B.H), other stories are all short and concise in form. The plot narration and expression of meaning is not ruined by the rhetoric; and rhythmical and some long sentences does not take the form of wearful verbiage. On the contrary, the aspects of words and meanings are all in quite moderation.

Denture wearingcan causea varietyoflesionsintheoral cavity, butmost of the problems can be prevented with maintaining healthyoral tissue, denture hygiene and follow up after the dentures delivery. The purpose of this study was the evaluation ofinstructional intervention effect on the incidence of oral candidiasis in complete denture wearers, and its association with age, gender and educational level in Bandar Abbas city.
The present study was prospective trial-analytic. Fifty one subjects evaluated as available who willing to be treated with removable complete denture for the first time.Sampling was performed with sterile swabs from mid hard palate before inserting denture. Swabs were placed in 2ml normal saline immediately. 50µl of normal saline was inoculated on CHROM agar candida medium. After 48-72 hrs colonies were counted and subjects divided to healthy, carrier, afflicted. In the absence of candidiasis subjects were divided in to three groups. One groups received verbal instruction, second group received pamphlet and the last group received CD. Second and third tests were repeated in the first week and fourth month after they worn dentures.
The minimum rate of candidiasis was zero percentage among those who had been instructed verbally. The highest incidence (16.7%) was in those who were instructed by pamphlet. There was no difference between three groups in incidence of oral candidiasis (P=0.21). There was the same effect to negative the carriers before and after first intervention in three groups (P=0.55). Verbal instruction had significant effect in to negative the carriers in second intervention compared to the first time (P=0.45). There were no difference between types of instruction and age and gender (P=0.62, P=0.62). All of subjects were diagnosed candidiasis had under Diploma education (10.3). The relationship between the education level of subjects and incidence of oral candidiasis were significant statistically (P=0.43).
Hygiene instruction should be instructed in accordance the culture of the regions. Efforts to improve the education can promote health.

Study of bilingualism will enhance the understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms responsible for learning. Cognitive correlates of bilingualism such as enhancement of attention control, problem solving and working memory would be worth studying especially among young children to improve their future performances. Among the wide range of advantages of bilingualism, working memory enhancement was the focus of this study. The positive impact of working memory on mathematical skills has been highlighted in previous surveys. Hence, the present study intended to investigate the potential relation between second language acquisition (becoming bilingual) and mathematics achievement.
In this correlational study, 31 bilingual second graders who were selected randomly participated in the experimental group after a placement test that homogenized their second language learning background. The controls were also selected randomly from among the peers with no second language learning background. After eliminating the potentially influencing factor of intelligence, using Raven’s test, a standardized math test was administered to the groups. The data was analyzed using SPSS program version 17. An independent t-test was applied to compare the results of the two groups.
The experimental group (with a mean of 7.3529) outperformed on the Mathematics test than did the control group (with a mean of 7.0000). Yet the difference between the performance results was statistically insignificant (P>0.05)
Since the finding of this study was contrary to the literature regarding the outperformance of bilingual children, the reason of such result would be worth seeking in further studies.

English language is the only widely foreign language in field of science specially in dentistry. And so , it is a prime necessary for student to have sufficient skills an English language to understand the concepts of the educational materials in English particularly , the educational video CD.
Assessing the dentistry student potentials on understanding the concepts of English educational CDs.
In 2014 , 38 students from faculty dentistry of Hormozgan university were passed their professional English course two successfully. They were tested on comprehension skills by watching educational videos.
Only 19 percent of objectives obtained scores higher than 10 based on a (0-20) grading systems.
Regarding the data obtained in the present study , the necessity for focusing on different aspects of English language is out of question .
This could be achieved efficiently through an amalgamated scheme including the use of educational videos materials.

What distinguishes Khayyam from other visionaries is his intimacy about his ignorance. He knows he is ignorant and not only does not conceal this from himself and others but also expresses it loudly in his famous quatrains. He wants to teach the claimants of knowledge that knowledge of ignorance is not fault but pretending to know the mysteries is fault. He wants to state vividly in his quatrains that claimants of knowledge have indeed no knowledge. This is the very acknowledgment of ignorance which brings his soul astonishment equal to the astonishment of mystics. While explaining different dimensions of Khayyam’s astonishment in his philosophical quatrains، this research tries to show how much the marvelous mysteries of such bewilderment have influenced various groups of his addresses with variegated tastes and how much they have plunged into such astonishment.

In order to increase the efficacy education، Bandar Abbas Medical School underwent a curricular change in 2009 and integrated its curriculum in physiopathology phase and represented courses as organ-system-based approach. This study aimed to compare educational environment from the viewpoints of students in this medical school considering traditional and new curriculum in order to identify weaknesses and strengths of integration. In this descriptive cross-sectional study، educational atmosphere was evaluated using a standard questionnaire of DREEM. Sampling was completed through census and study population included all medical students (N=95) passing their physiopathology courses during 2008-2009 academic years in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Physiopathology topic included 3 courses (one before and 2 after integration). Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Mean scores of achieved points were (76. 2±8. 4) for the year before integration، (108±20. 1) for the first year after integration، and (95±24. 7) for the second year after intervention out of total 200 points of DREEM questionnaire. The results showed that integration lead to a significant promotion in students’ viewpoints toward educational atmosphere، but the total score achieved in second year decreased and was not significant compared to the year before integration. This study approved positive results of organ system-based integrated curriculum. But the study showed a notable failure through second semester of implementation that disclosed unstable achievements. It seems that reformative changes in curriculum solely are not the key to solve educational system problems. Administrators must develop an established educational system through identifying precise strategies.

Exam anxiety as a common phenomenon is one of the problems of educational systems that affect academic performance. This study was performed to determine exam anxiety and its relationship with demographic factors among new students in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive- analytical study، 310 new students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences were selected by random sampling in 2013 academic year. Data were collected via a two-component questionnaire including demographic information and Sarson scale. Exam anxiety score range was 0-37 in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by statistical tests such as Chi-square، Mann-Whitney، Kruscall Wallis and Spearman correlation by SPSS 15. The results showed that the mean score for exam anxiety was 13. 65±6. 06. Exam anxiety for 47. 8% of the students was low، for 40. 3% of them was moderate and 11. 9% of the students suffer severely from exam anxiety. Results showed that level of exam anxiety was significantly correlated with sex and age. But there was not a significant relationship between level of exam anxiety score marital status، field of study، job، parents’ education. Considering، level of test anxiety was high & moderate in this research، and it has negative effects on academic performance، effectively planning and psychological interventions is suggested.