پیام توکلی

The Tang Zagh iron deposit is located about 117 km Northeast of Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province in the structural folded-thrusted zone of the Zagros basin. Iron mineralization occurs in the form of iron oxides (hematite) within the salt dome and/or in fractures and between the layers of the younger strata with the Tertiary age. Based on the microscopic studies, dolomitic fragments of the host rocks are surrounded by iron oxides during the replacement processes. The texture of ore is vein, veinlets, replacement, and open space filling. Hematite is the most abundant mineral in this deposit and goethite, dolomite and quartz minerals are the minor phases. According to geochemical data, the concentration of Fe2O3 in this deposit reaches up to more than 89 wt%. Low phosphorus and titanium levels and the absence of skarn-related features do not support the magmatic origin for this deposit. According to the field observation, mineralogical and geochemical properties, Tang Zagh iron deposit is formed in 4 stages: 1. Placement of volcanic material and the entrance of iron-bearing fluids of a volcanic origin in the sedimentary basin, 2. Enrichment of iron by hydrothermal fluid activity due to salt diapirism, 3. Reconcentration and redeposition of iron by tectonic activities and finally 4. Hematite, goethite and malachite minerals are formed due to the supergene processes and weathering on this deposit.

The Hajiabad manganese deposit is located about 40 km northeast of Hajiabad, Hormozgan Province. This deposit is structurally located in the southeastern border of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. The manganese mineralization in the study area is hosted by calcite-dolomitic marbles and mica schists of Devonian age, as layers, veins and massive ores. Based on microscopic investigations, the ores are dominated by manganese occurring as cement of fragments of mica schist rocks and host silicified dolomites by the open space filling process. The major minerals of this deposit include todorokite, spessartine, almandine and calcite and the minor minerals in this deposit are pyrolusite, goethite and quartz. According to geochemical data, the concentration of manganese in the ore bodies are more than 41 wt%. Low levels of P2O5 and TiO2 is inconsistent with magmatic origin of the study deposit. On the one hand, the absence of skarn-related features and on the other hand, field observations, mineralogical and geochemical data, show that these manganese deposits were formed by the entry of manganese fluids with a volcanic origin in a sedimentary basin and then has reconcentrated and upgraded by regional metamorphism in mica schists and metamorphic limestone of the Khabr complex.

Neoplasmas are the second agent of mortality in children below 15 years of age. The aim of this study was to investigate head and neck tumor frequency in children aged 15 years or younger.
This descriptive- retrospective study was conducted on the pediatric’s pathologic records in Archive of Pathology Department, Kermanshah Pediatric Hospitals from 1382 to 1391. The records were rewied regarding gender, age, histopathologic diagnosis, and location of benign and malignant tumors. These datas were statistical analyzed by SPSS 20 software using descriptive statistics.
A total of 196 cases including 98 males and 98 females aged 17 months to 15 years with mean age 9.3±4.3 were evaluated. The subjects composed of 88.3% benign and 11.7% malignant tumors. The most frequent benign tumors were follicular hyperplasia (27.7%), epidermal cyst (12.1%), pyogenic granuloma (10.4%).Of 23 malignant tumors, papillary carcinoma were the most frequent (34.8%) followed by basal cell carcinoma (26.1%), lymphoma (26.1%); and squamous cell carcinoma (13%). The ratio of males to females was 1:1.06 for benign and 0.65:1 for malignant tumors. The age peak was 11-16 years for incidence of benign (39.3%) as well as malignant (65.2%) tumors. Neck was detected as most common location for occurrence of benign and malignant tumors.
Findings of this study suggest that in children aged up to 15 years, female gender is a predominance factor for occurrence of head and neck cancers; however, incidence of benign tumors is approximatelly similar in males and females.

Knowledge about significant clinical, radiographic and histopathological features of odontogenic cysts and their differential diagnosis with each other and other odontogenic lesions of the oral cavity and also their treatment plan and prognosis is mandatory for dental practitioners. Therefore, in this article odontogenic cysts are reviewed according to their clinicopathologic correlation with each other, and not necessarily based on their prevalence. Review Report: This article was prepared by studying reliable textbooks and also searching Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iran Medex, Index Copernicus and ISI references for the published data from 1962 to 2011 with key words of odontogenic cysts, clinical, radiographic, histopathological, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis to collect relevant data. Odontogenic cysts are pathologically significant lesions found in the oral cavity, some of which are common. These cysts are divided into two main types: inflammatory and developmental. Radicular cyst is the most important inflammatory cyst. Also, it is by far the most common odontogenic cyst, which is caused by pulpal and periapical inflammation. The second prevalent cyst is the dentigerous cyst, which is subclassified into inflammatory and developmental. Odontogenic keratocyst is the third most common odontogenic cyst, which is of great importance due to its tendency to recur and its proliferative pathogenicity. Although other odontogenic cysts are not so common, they are introduced because those lesions can be included in differential diagnosis. Sufficient knowledge of dentists about odontogenic cysts results in early diagnosis and treatment plan of these lesions.

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a benign odontogenic tumor with mixed epithelial and mesenchymal origin; it most frequently occurs in the posterior region of the mandible، usually during the first two decades of life. AF is associated with an impacted tooth. Therefore، it might retard tooth eruption or alter the tooth eruption sequence. Case Report: In this report a case of AF on the left side of mandible in a 22-year-old woman is presented; the case was treated with radical excision because of invasive behavior and destruction of the cortex.

Conservative treatment is suggested for AF most frequently. However، in this case although malignant changes were not detected in microscopic views، radiographic views showed invasive behavior because of destruction of the buccal cortex. Therefore، radical treatment was carried out to prevent invasion and reduce the chance of recurrence.