فهرست مطالب پیوند میرزاییان خمسه

Cyber-loafing, which refers to the use of the Internet for personal use at work is a serious challenge for organizations due to the disruption in achieving organizational goals. In recent months, with the COVID-19 conditions and the fluctuations of various economic markets in Iran, cyber-loafing is highly common among the employees of Iranian organizations. On the other hand, using Internet resources has become necessary for all organizations to do part of their business processes. Effective use of Internet resources can lead to various positive results, such as reduced operating costs, effective communication between employees, and better job performance (Anandarajan et al., 2004). Ideally, the Internet is expected to be a tool to facilitate the job performance of employees. However, the Internet can also be used as an inappropriate tool that leads to reduced performance (Moody & Siponen, 2013). According to Kwai and Su (2017), employees spend about 20-24% of their working time on the Internet (Koay & Soh, 2017). This organizational behavior has led to a i30-40% reduction in employee productivity and costs organizations $750 annually (Ugrin et al., 2018). Therefore, dealing with deviant behaviors in organizations is of considerable importance.Many researchers have addressed the causes and roots of cyber-loafing and paid attention to the antecedents of this behavior. A review of the background of cyber-loafing shows that most of the research in this field has mainly focused on organizational attitudes, behaviors and policies (Liberman et al., 2011; Pindek et al., 2018; Soral et al., 2020). But there is a theoretical gap to examine the mechanisms of supervision and especially abusive supervision in cyber-loafing (Lim et al., 2020).Abusive supervision is a type of destructive leadership that has attracted the attention of scholars and practitioners in recent years. According to Tepper et al. (2011), more than 13% of the workforce suffers abusive, insulting, or hostile behavior from theirsupervisors annually  (Lee et al., 2018). In addition, when employees in the organization spend online activities unrelated to their jobs or duties, it may be beneficial for them, but it is harmful to their organizations because avoiding the Internet is considered as an undesirable behavior and is in conflict with organizational productivity. Thus, while the hours spent on the Internet should be used to advance work responsibilities in line with organizational goals, it is spent on personal activities to compensate for emotional exhaustion caused by improper supervision (Koay & Soh,2017). In this research, we seek to investigate the effect of abusive supervision on cyber-loafing with the mediating role of emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion can be explained as the mental exhaustion and fatigue caused by the pressure of one's private life or job demands or a combination of both. It gives signals of the beginning of physical or mental collapse (Lim et al., 2020).In summary, considering that the research on the mechanisms governing abusive supervision and organizational cyber-loafing has not been much developed, the present study aims to investigate the issue from the theoretical point of view of the social exchange theory (SET) and the conservation of resources (COR) theory. Also, the effect of abusive supervision on cyber-loafing is studied through the mediating role of emotional exhaustion in the context of oil companies.

The main paradigm of this research is descriptive and positivistic, and its statistical population included the administrative staff members of a company active in the oil industry. In terms of orientation, this study is an applied one with a comparative approach. The structural equation modeling method and the SmartPLS software were used to analyze the data.

The findings of this research showed that emotional exhaustion plays a mediating role in the relationship between abusive supervision and cyber-loafing. That is, abusive supervision causes emotional exhaustion in employees and leads to their cyber-loafing.

The results indicate that abusive supervision has a positive effect on cyber-loafing, and the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion on the relationship between abusive supervision and cyber-loafing is moderated by commitment. Therefore, the employees who are mistreated in the organization suffer emotional exhaustion, pay less attention to their work, and spend more time in the cyberspace and the Internet. Also, the results show that employees who have higher commitment are less likely to experience mismanagement-induced emotional exhaustion and show less avoidance.

This study aims to expand knowledge related to social media marketing activities and provide solutions to increase brand equity through marketing activities on Instagram. The primary paradigm of this research; is positivist, the aim; is descriptive, and a statistical sample of social media customer research is a company active in the food industry, which was determined as the sample size from Morgan's table of 389 people. This study is placed in the applied axis with a comparative approach. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. The findings of this research showed that social media marketing with brand experience, brand equity, and social media benefits; Also, the brand experience has a direct and meaningful relationship with the social media benefits and brand equity, and finally, the social media benefits with the brand equity. The results showed that social media marketing activities affect brand equity, and paying attention to the dimensions of entertainment, novelty, customer interaction with media, and personalization of orders effectively improves brand equity. Managers can use these findings to improve their marketing strategies on social media.

Economic family businesses make up 70% of all businesses and play a significant role in growth and work of most of countries. The family businesses are the backbone of many economies. Many of these companies have a well-defined governance structures, but still most families operate without a transparent corporate governance system. The increasing volume of studies related to the concept of corporate governance and the concepts derived from it, as well as some of the inconsistencies drawn around the consequences of this concept, was a motivating factor, to inspire   the researchers of this study. We Conducted a review of the introduction, decision and conclusion; in order to integrate the components obtained from the findings of other authors in the field of corporate governance in family companies. Analyzing and fabricating the concept of corporate governance, especially in family companies; 2) knowing the factors and constituents of corporate governance in family companies and 3) introducing the antecedents and messages of corporate governance in private companies were among the main goals of this research. This study was done based on the pattern of four stages of systematic review and search articles. Then, by searching in reliable databases, this research was started and implemented. In the first stage, the top 440 articles in the scientific databases approved in CABS, a list that dealt with the theoretical field of corporate governance in the context of family businesses, were selected in five years period (2019-2023). In the first stage, the best and most qualified articles for in-depth review and finding the appropriate answer to the research question were downloaded, selected, screened and evaluated. Our Research was done in two phases, descriptive analysis and Research analysis.. By conducting this systematic review, 43 eligible articles were selected for final evaluation. The results showed that the main structure of corporate governance in family companies made up of a set of 75 codes, that included 17 antecedent codes, 29 dimension codes and 29 the consequences codes.

In recent years, marketing activities on social media have been considered important as one of the strategies to advance the company's social media marketing goals (Wibowo, Chen, Wiangin, Ma & Ruangkanjanases, 2020). In the world of business, the advancement of technology has influenced consumer behaviour through social media (Saghat Foroush, 2023). Social media platforms such as social networking (like Facebook), microblogging (like X), brand blogs, video sharing (like YouTube) as well as photo-sharing platforms (like Instagram) are most widely used by marketers to promote their products (Zollo, Filieri, Rialti & Yoon, 2020). With the ever-increasing advances in technology, most companies should create a positive image and active online presence and continuous interaction with their customers and other Internet users through websites and social networks (Razmi, MirzaeianKhamseh & Soltani Tajabadi, 2023).Corporate social networks are a subset of social media that provide users with online interactions and content sharing (Verhagen, Swen, Feldberg & Merikivi, 2015; Wibowo et al., 2020). Among the most popular social networks in the world and even in Iran, we can mention the Instagram social network, which had more than 1 billion and 300 million active users by 2023, and it is predicted that this number will increase to 5.5 in 2025. reach 1 billion active users (Statista, 2023). This social network is also popular in Iran because the research of Zobeidi, Komendantova and Yazdanpanah (2022) showed that 27% of Iranian internet media users prefer this social network to other media.On the one hand, social media marketing activities can be profitable for the company (Zollo et al., 2020), and for customers, the experience of interacting with social networks brings more engagement, satisfaction and loyalty (Yu, Yuan, Kim & Wang, 2021). The users of the Instagram social network have acknowledged that this network has been able to help them in sharing information and learning appropriately (Zobeidi et al., 2022). In the meantime, marketing researchers have paid particular attention to brand and branding because they are known as valuable assets of the company (Oliveira, Sonza & da Silva, 2023). Considering the growth of social media, brand experience and its effects on strengthening the company are considered strategic requirements for managers to create more value (Harandi, 2015).Today, the food industry has taken a special place in the global economy, and due to this special place, the attention of officials and researchers has been directed to it (Tarvirdizadeh, Mirzaei Daryani, Nahidi Amir Khiz, Pasbani & Honarmand Azimi, 2023). On the other hand, social media marketing is crucial for companies active in this industry, and the effort to engage potential customers and social network users with the company's brand has increased; this research examines social media marketing activities in creating a brand experience. This research was conducted on one of the companies in this industry, which produces hot drinks, such as coffee and tea, to provide suggestions to its active managers to increase user engagement and create a better brand experience.Therefore, the main goal of this research is to explain the role of marketing activities in the company's social media, emphasizing the mediating role of brand experience in the food industry and producing hot drinks (coffee and tea) and providing suggestions to increase customer engagement through marketing activities on the Instagram social network. Also, the current research seeks to answer the following questions:What effect do the marketing manager's activities in the company's social media have on the perception of customers' experience of the brand?How does customers' brand experience of the brand affect customer engagement;What effect does the company's social media marketing activities have on customer engagement?What role can brand experience play in the relationship between a company's social media marketing efforts and customer engagement?Are the company's social media marketing activities effective in the perception of which age group of customers and the brand experience?

The methodology of this research with a survey strategy is in the paradigm of positivism research, and it has been done using data collected from customers (or users) of a sample company, which includes 389 customers. The researchers collected the data through an online questionnaire. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data.

The findings showed that marketing activities on the Instagram social network are significant through the mediating role of brand experience on customer engagement.

Also, the results of this research confirm that marketing managers, by designing activities on Instagram, can both directly and indirectly and, through the role of intermediary brand experience, increase customer engagement with the brand and the brand's Instagram page. Considering that the significance related to the relationships between the variables in the first four hypotheses was more significant than the absolute value of 1.96, four of the five hypotheses of the current research were confirmed with 95% confidence. Despite this, due to the moderation of the user's age variable, the results showed that social media marketing activities on the brand experience did not have a significant difference in the eyes of people from different age groups including generations X, Y and Z.The results and suggestions of this research can be valuable and practical for marketing managers to prioritize their activities in social media.

Science and technology parks are established to develop a knowledge-based economy since they play a significant role in developing the ecosystem of innovation. In the last two decades, we are witnessing a quantitative surge of science and technology parks in Iran, Now, we need to improve and develop the quality of this important player in the ecosystem of innovation. From the perspective of 1404, a significant contribution is considered for the knowledge-based economy in the national GDP. Currently, this share is very insignificant; less than one percent. The main goal of this research is to design an excellent model of science and technology parks in Iran with the aim of developing the role of companies based in the knowledge-based economy. The present study, using a qualitative approach and relying on symbolic interpretative philosophy, seeks to extract the essence of the excellence model of science and technology parks in Iran. In this regard, the grounded theory strategy has been used to explain the theory's induction. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 academic and executive experts in the innovation ecosystem and through theoretical sampling until the theoretical saturation point was acheived. The results of the research show that science and technology parks in Iran have the most characteristics of the first and second generation parks, and to excel,they should move towards developing the features of the third and fourth generation (features such as improving the welfare of local communities, having professional management teams, shaping the knowledge city, special innovation zones and digital parks).

This study was conducted to design a model of brand equity, using social media marketing activities for engagement, which is explained by the intellectual philosophy of relationism and both expectancy-value theory and social network theory.

In the qualitative phase of the research, the theoretical sampling method was conducted with deep interviews and a grounded theory strategy. In the quantitative phase, using a random sampling method, a questionnaire was distributed among 389 followers of a company's Instagram page, and structural equation modelling was done with SmartPLS software.

Social media marketing activities as causal conditions, customer knowledge management as contextual conditions, brand experience as intervening conditions, digital marketing development as a strategy and customer engagement as a consequence of the central phenomenon called brand equity are understood.

The results of the quantitative part confirmed the results of the qualitative part and showed that social media marketing activities with a relational paradigm approach in customer engagement are affected by causal conditions (social media marketing), background factors (customer knowledge management) and intervening factors (brand experience) that lead to customer engagement through appropriate policy-making and executive actions of companies.

The main purpose of this study is to design the brand reinforcement model of FarsProvince as a tourism destination. It used deep interviews with 10 tourism industry activists following the grounded theory approach and analyzed the data in the MAXQDA software. In this respect, 222 initial concepts were determined within six main categories and 113 subcategories, and the final paradigm model of the study was designed. Then, in the quantitative phase of the study, 359 questionnaires, extracted from the paradigm model, were administered among the domain activists for model validation, and the results were tested by the structural equations modeling method and LISREL 8.8. software. The results, confirming the research hypotheses, show that the reinforcement of the tourism destination brand is influenced by causal condition,, contexual factors and intervening factors . However, it leads to sociocultural, political, economic, and environmental developments through designing and compiling an inclusive strategic tourism program.

The inadequacy of comprehensive urban plans in dealing with the evolution of urban areas in recent decades provides the basis for the emergence of a new model in urban planning in Iran, called strategic planning. Strategic planning that, if the total conditions for success were available, could have been the solution to many of our problems in urban planning and management. However, the most crucial issue after strategic planning is the discussion of “Implementation,” which is undoubtedly the major challenge that managers face it in urban management. A problem that typically goes back to the implementation of strategies. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the causes and obstacles that lead to a miserable conclusion of strategic planning and why strategic plans are not implemented successfully, and what are the obstacles to its implementation? The purpose of this study is to identify the causes and obstacles that prevent the proper implementation of the Comprehensive Strategic Plan of Tehran.

This research is based on a symbolic paradigm using the Classic Grounded Theory Strategy. The type of research is from the perspective of the primary practical developmental orientation, from the perspective of exploratory purpose and the perspective of qualitative and inductive approach. The statistical population of this research is urban management experts who have been semi-structured interviews with them through theoretical sampling and up to theoretical saturation point. The data are categorized by open coding, axial, and theoretical, and finally, the final model of research is presented.

The final model of this study states that the barriers to the implementation of the Strategic Master Plan of Tehran fall into three general categories: Predominant Barriers, Intraoperative Barriers, and Post-Barrier Barriers, each of which has distinct categories and sub-categories.

Failure to fulfill the objectives of the Strategic Master Plan of Tehran and incomplete and inefficient implementation of these plans is not only due to the weaknesses of executors but also obstacles to the implementation of this complex, multiple and related plan before, during and after the planning and a series of causes and factors. Interconnectedness prevents the realization of the goals foreseen in these projects.

The Tourisim as a privileged industry has important. Today travel for health is one of the important goals of tourism, so health tourism has rapid growth in few years. This study seeks to derive the “what” and “why” of the pattern of Health Tourism Attraction model in Iran using qualitative research and drawing on symbolic philosophy. The main problem is that this research seeks to answer the scientific and systematic it is, this is a model to attract health tourism in Iran? What factors and elements that attract health tourism in Iran? What is the function of these factors? Accordingly, this study uses classic grounded theory analysis and induction-based coding approach. The conclusions are emerged from 20 semi-structured field discourses through theoretical sampling and to reach the stage of saturation extract, and at the end of the Dell data Health Tourism Attraction Model has been articulating. This model includes five dimensions: Therapeutic value, Health promotion, Islamic health service and tourism attractive.

Brand equity is one of the significant categories in the international competition field, through which we can decrease the rate of immigration from cities and protect urban human resources. The purpose of this text is to find an organized and a coherent answer in regards to reasons of reduction of immigration of specialists who are post graduated in Mashhad and their sense of belonging to their own city as well. There are numbers of reasons for promotion of sense of attachment, so city identity shall be deemed as an important topic in this regard. However, branding topic in this area is what has been underestimated in former researches. Now the question is how an urban brand can leave an impression on the immigration of experts who are post graduated. Therefore, the current Manuscript presents a creative real model for explanation of the city brand role on reduction of specialists’ immigration rate from Mashhad, emphasizing the role of identity as a mediator. The data being required for this research have been collected by questionnaires, through an accessible targeted non-random sampling from specialists from Mashhad who are post graduated. This research is an applied-surveying type in which the structural equations method is used by use of Smart PLS software for data analysis. The results show that the city brand is effective on identification and reduction of rate of immigration from Mashhad. The role of identity as a mediator in impression of city brand on reduction of rate of immigration from Mashhad has been proved in review of indirect effect of this study.