فهرست مطالب کابک خبیری

Moving toward space was largely the result of the competition of terrestrial superpowers for planetary hegemony. Moving toward space has created a new criterion for recognizing the promotion of power and allocation of credit in the global community. The exploration and space technologies of the two superpowers, made the competition between them more intense. The launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union marked the beginning of the space race. Finally, the United States declared itself the winner of the space race by landing on the moon. But then not only did the rivalry between the two countries not end, but it also called on other countries, such as China, India, Japan and some European countries. From the beginning of the space age until now, military activities have been an important part of the goals of the powers. The main question is how space has played a role in intensifying competition between powers. The hypothesis of this article also believes that space has intensified competition between countries, especially space powers, by creating modern weapons and new conditions. From the point of view of neorealism, Space has become a new arena for intensifying competition between countries in the military field and gaining prestige.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the South Caucasus became a battleground between regional powers and superpowers due to its rich energy resources, transit geopolitics, proximity to the Caspian Sea, and economic opportunities.  This strategic importance for Iran was greater than the fact that the region affects Iran's regional security and provides many economic opportunities for the country that can help lift economic sanctions. Foreign relations between Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan are more critical between these countries. Research on the relationship between countries suffers from methodological gaps and shortcomings. Thus, this study attempts to cover these weaknesses and develop and validate a model of relationships between the countries.

 To achieve the objectives of the research, the following research questions have been developed: What are the main factors and variables of the structure of foreign relations between Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan? What is the interaction and behavior of these variables in the system of bilateral relations and what is their nature?

According to the research questions and objectives, the following hypotheses are proposed:The developed model of Iran-Azerbaijan relations is a valid model that corresponds to environmental realities.The validated model shows an acceptable fit index in SPSS. The extracted variables can predict the future of foreign relations between the countries.

This study uses a multi-method, multi-step design that combines structural equation modeling (content analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis) in SPSS and interaction analysis in Mic Mac. In the first phase, a content analysis was carried out in which literature review, documentary research and semi-structured interviews with experts resulted in the extraction of 33 variables. Then confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and based on Eigen Value and Factor loading, 20 variables under five different factors were extracted and confirmed. In the second phase, a crossed impact analysis was done with experts in MicMac software according to which the behavior and nature of variables were identified and reported.    The theoretical framework: The theoretical framework that guided the entire study from data collection to data analysis was the regional integrated security theory proposed and modified by Buzan and Waver (2003) Which is in stark contrast to traditional approaches in security studies and foreign relations because it has shifted attention from the global focus to the regional level. It has four main dimensions and covers the issues of border, polarity, anarchist structure, and social construction.

The data showed that the valid model of foreign relations between countries has five major dimensions that include economy, survival and stability, hegemony, legal and political, and socio-cultural dimensions with twenty different variables at least. Cross-impact analysis where the identified variables are divided into impact variables (critical and environmental variables), two-dimensional variables (risk and target variables), dependent variables, and independent variables (exceptional and secondary-leverage variables).    

It was concluded that structural equation modeling could provide a robust and validated model of foreign relationships between Iran and Azerbaijan and explain these relations' direction and intensity in different dimensions.  It was also concluded that the constructed model shows indicators of a good fit with the geopolitical realities of the South Caucasus. These findings obtained in the interaction analysis can be used as a valid input for scenario development and forecasting of foreign relations between countries.

The main purpose of this study is to explain individualism in US foreign policy during the Trump era and its impact on security in the region of the Western Asian. In line with this goal, the author seeks to answer the main question t; What effect has Trump’s individualism had on the security the region of the Western Asian? The author tries to examine the individualism in Trump's foreign policy by using a descriptive-analytical method and quoting the theory of Rosenau continuity, on the one hand, and the theory of security of the Copenhagen school, on the other hand, as a theoretical framework and analyzes its impact on security in the strategic region of the Western Asia. Contrary to Rosenau's theory, a study of American foreign policy under Trump in terms of personality psychology and performance shows that the individual variable is higher than the other four. Although the security of the region of the Western Asian goes back to the George W. Bush administration, what this article hypothesizes is the effect that individualism in the Trump administration's foreign policy is on intensifying the security of the region of the Western Asian and the extraordinary actions that Trump has taken as a security player. The present study proves that measures such as banning citizens of six Islamic countries from entering the United States, leaving JCPOA, assassinating General Qassem Soleimani and moving the Israeli embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem can be presented as special measures and as a result of intensifying security in the region.the documents through library technique.

Human rights obligations are considerable because of specific features. The important features of the obligations is the nature of the objective and lake of interaction rights and duties in them ; Based on this, governments are not beneficiaries of the obligations But human beings benefit from them. However, it should be noted that some countries violate human rights obligations. The United States is one of the countries that has not yet been ratify some “core” human rights conventions , despite claims for human rights protection and violations human rights. Unfortunately, Human Rights Organizations has not diligently protected human rights through legal instruments against the human rights violations. This article answers this question that How did the United States deal with Violation of the Geneva Convention in attack on Fallujah. The assumption of research is that the United States has applied a series of diplomatic, military and legal actions, massive battles based on the strategy of eternal peace in term of fight against terrorism.

Collective security mechanism as a model for maintaining and expanding international security requirements, and coordinate, which has been criticized by neo-realists for its idealistic nature .On the other hand, violating this mechanism directly or indirectly affects the function of the collective security model. Throughout history, the US as a supreme power has played an important role in weakening or strengthening the collective security model. Presidents of this country after World War II And based on Truman's doctrine with an internationalist approach, they have been able to define a specific role for the United States in the international security mechanism in their national security doctrine. The forty-fifth president of America Donald Trump, who has considered foreign policy, Has made a mistake In the perspective of the role played by the United States since 1945 with an internationalist approach before the Trump in the international system. America's foreign policy during the presidency of Donald Trump which is rooted in nationalist views, by emphasis on national interests of the United States And with an economics-oriented approach As well as the impact of some of its institutionalized foreign policy features, including unilateralism, Intentionally or unintentionally weaken the collective security. Eventually, this trend intensifies because of the increasing self-sufficiency of governments Will lead to an increase in the anarchy of the international system.

Multilateral agreements among countries in relation to the challenges usually open the door to the parties involved in the development of such agreements. Joint comprehensive plan of action is a tool for Iran to become effective players in international bargaining. In the period of era that was trying to isolated Iran Under the pretext of trying to acquire nuclear weapons. JCPOA was the result of over a decade of challenge and fruitless negotiations with Western parties. Iran has officially entered to the economic and political clubs of the global and regional environment after Joint comprehensive Plan of Action. This Thesis seeks to answer the question of Iran's engagement with the international community in the post- JCPOA what have impacted on the country's role in West Asia and the world? This Thesis examines the hypothesis with library and documentary method that Iran after the JCPOA was exited from Controlled previous position and become an active player in regional crisis management and this alters the balance of power in the region has been to the detriment of Saudi Arabia and Turkey.

Security Council of the United Nation Organization, as the only place which has legal right and is authorized to use force in the international interactions. Important developments have occurred in multilateral international treaties between the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism of 1937 and the Inter- American Convention against Terrorism of 2002.
This article attempts to explore the question of changes which is occurred, as well as whether these laws have been an effective legal response in combating terrorism. After differentiating between comprehensive and sectoral conventions and between universal and regional conventions, the article comparatively analyzes them based on definitions of offenses, the extent of criminalization, exceptions concerning scope of application, measures to be taken by the states parties, obligatory and optional jurisdiction, obligations of states in the sphere of legal cooperation and assistance, rights of the offender, extradition, exceptions from extradition or legal assistance, and issues not covered by the conventions. Solutions proved to be the most effective against international terrorism and discrepancies and overlaps between the conventions are discussed.