کاوه هومن

The MRI is one of the most expensive departments in hospitals due to high number of referrals and use of advanced equipment and diagnostic devices. The purpose of this study was to calculate the cost of services of this unit at Imam Reza Hospital and compare it with the tariffs for their  correct pricing.

In this descriptive and applied study, the cost price of selected MRI services was calculated using the step-down costing method for the radiology department of Imam Reza Hospital in Urmia in 2018. Data collection tools were standard forms related to the cost list of MRI services and related activity centers. Also, to estimate the share of costs of other departments in MRI services of the radiology department, appropriate sharing bases were determined and, then, using these bases and Excel software, the costs were calculated.

According to the research findings, the cost of selected services of this unit including MRI of the brain without injection was  calculated to be 1449224 Rials, brain with injection was 1793634 Rials, brain simultaneous with and without injection was 3121783 Rials, lumbar spine without injection was 1994881 Rials, and lumbar spine with and without injection was 3449832 Rials.

Based on the results, there was a difference between the actual price of MRI services and tariffs, and personnel costs had the highest share of MRI costs. Therefore, accurate calculation of the cost of MRI services can help reduce costs and increase efficiency by identifying and modifying, merging, or eliminating costly centers.

Teachers are evaluated in different ways. However, the most prevalent and controversial method is teacher evaluation by students. The present study was targeted at the examination of students’ view on the teachers’ evaluation criteria. The population of this descriptive cross-sectional study was 107 students of Paramedical Faculty of Urmia University of Medical Sciences that two of them were excluded from the study since their questionnaires were damaged. The collected data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software. The current investigation revealed that the majority of students (79%) considered “Respectful treatment of teacher with the students” as the most important criterion of teacher evaluation. The criteria of “Teacher’s mastery of scientific concepts and materials” and “The teacher’s ability to present and convey the course materials” composed, respectively, 77.1% and 73.3% of students’ next preferences. “Paying attention to the class duration by the teacher” was the last criterion that attracted the least amount of students’ attention (24.8%) to itself.Discussion and According to students’ viewpoint, the criterion of “Respectful treatment of teacher with the students” has a fairly high importance which emphasizes teachers’ responsibility for paying attention to appropriate behavior. The results of this study can be used to achieve educational goals and improve quality of education.

Today using contrast media in order to diagnose different tissues in radiology section has found a vast range of applications. Thus application of safe procedures and protocols in usage of contrast media to prevent dangerous reactions seems to be of great necessity. That is why in this study we aimed to evaluate the safety of intravenous administration of contrast media in the radiology sections of medical-educational Centers of Urmia.

This is a descriptive and cross sectional study. Data were gathered using questionnaires derived from articles and international standard guidelines such as (ESURE، RCR) in three areas including: drugs، protocols and facilities.

Results indicated that the level of compliance with safety protocols، facilities and drugs were 91. 3% and 69. 4% and 100% respectively. The average safety observance was 80. 9% totally. The results showed that there were some deficiencies in some equipment such as pulse Oximeter and ECG. Moreover، it was found that a unique protocol is not used in all surveyed sections.

Regarding the importance of this issue it is necessary to publish and implement a unique protocol for contrast media administrating and to provide all required equipment for improving patient safety process. Meanwhile a wide supervision should have been done by related authorities in or out of the organization.

Paying attention to the patient safety is part of ethical and legal responsibilities of each hospital. Nowadays، radiology departments play a valuable role in diagnosis of diseases by preparing images from different organs. Patient safety should be considered in radiology departments because of using complicated equipments، technologies and applying X-ray to determine disorders and malfunctions. Since knowledge and practice of students as future staff can play a significant role in determining & improving patient safety in radiology departments، evaluating the amount of safety and ethical errors committed in radiology departments should be taken into consideration. The present study intended to determine patient safety based on radiology technology students'' point of view. The present research is a descriptive and cross sectional study which was done on all of B. S radiology technology students (N= 79) of Urmia University of medical sciences in spring of 2011. The instrument used for data collection was a self-constructed questionnaire consisting of two sections. The first section was about demographic characteristics، and the second section consisted of 25 questions about factors which threaten patient safety by applying universal articles & instructions published on the most common safety error in radiology departments. Students'' attitude was evaluated using Likert scale (in a self-administered questionnaire). Validity and reliability of applied questionnaire was confirmed (Chronbach''s alpha=0. 75). The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive& inferential statistics and also Spss 19 software. The results of this study showed that: 36. 7% of the students did not give any information to the patient for his cooperation during a radiography، 25. 3% of them failed to use radiation protection equipment and not collimating radiation field، 22. 8% did not get enough information from patient and 17. 7% of them did not update personnel''s knowledge in radiology department. These were the most prevalent errors respectively. Generally speaking، according to the results obtained from the study، the amount of patient safety from students'' point of view in more than half of the cases was about average. %41. 8 of students assessed the amount of patient safety as being good and %58. 2 of students assessed it as being moderate. According to the results obtained from the present study، the following strategies are suggested to improve patient safety and quality of services: The essences of using educational courses to up to date the knowledge of radiology staffTeaching the staff how to communicate with patientsTraining the staff on X-ray protection and patient safety rulesEstablishing supervisory committee on patient safety