گیتی بهرامی

Studies have examined social accountability in medical education in Iran, while no studies have deeply focused on social determinants of health, specifically for rehabilitation sciences. On the other hand, the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences has made significant contributions to the development of rehabilitation in Iran. This study investigates the educational need for integrating social determinants of health within rehabilitation education in Iran. 

The study was conducted using qualitative content analysis. The study participants consisted of 33 individuals, including students and academic faculty members of rehabilitation departments and members of relevant non-governmental organizations. The data collection method involved focused group discussions to explore the participants’ experiences. The Elo and Kyngäs process was employed using MAXQDA software, version 2018 to analyze the data.

The results revealed the main and core category of requirements for integrating the social determinants of health approach into rehabilitation education, as well as two subcategories: Educational content requirements and environmental and educational setting requirements. Students’ educational content requirements were classified into knowledge (including social determinants of health knowledge, the international classification of functioning, disability and health framework, various rehabilitation fields, ethical principles and patients’ rights, etc.), skills (including life skills, teamwork, communication and empathy, teaching, advocacy, etc.) and attitudes (including comprehensive and holistic perspective, etc.). Environmental and educational setting requirements were divided into three subcategories: Fundamental and general requirements, theoretical education setting and clinical education setting.

This study identified educational program requirements while ensuring the necessary knowledge, attitudes, and skills essential for realizing this approach. It also identified the educational environment for delivering basic, theoretical, and clinical education.

Objectives:

 With the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the world, including Iran, the need for its prevention and treatment became a national priority for the countries. Children, as one of the most vulnerable groups, are affected by this pandemic in various dimensions. This study aims to identify and categorize the protective and risk factors of mental health problems in Iranian children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a systematic review. A search was conducted in international and national databases for the related studies, and the results were reported based on the PRISMA diagram. The quantitative studies were assessed by Joanna Briggs Institute’s Critical Appraisal Checklist. Finally, 9 studies were selected for the review.

Among the reviewed studies, only one study was conducted in the entire Iran; more than 44% were conducted in Tehran. The study populations of more than 77% of studies were the children selected from the general population. The protective factors of mental health problems (anxiety and fear of COVID-19) in children included: High level of self-differentiation, positive parent-child conflict resolution tactics, older age, parents’ increased time of staying at home, and high educational level of mothers. On the other hand, the risk factors of mental health problems (anxiety, fear of COVID-19, and aggression) in children were: COVID-19-related anxiety in mothers, anxiety/stress/depression in mothers, children’s awareness of COVID-19, infection or death of a relative due to COVID-19, employment of parents as a medical staff, parents’ intrusion and hyperarousal, being a single child, and hearing loss. 

Compared to other countries, limited studies have addressed the social determinants of mental health problems (anxiety, fear of COVID-19, and aggression) of children in Iran during the pandemic. Identifying and addressing the factors that threaten, exacerbate, or enhance Iranian children’s mental health through interventions and social measures can lead to breaking the ineffective cycle of inequality and discrimination, promoting mental health, and reducing harm in the face of future pandemics.

Identifying the factors affecting the older adultchr('39')s quality of life can be effective in finding ways to improve their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting older adultschr('39') quality of life in Middle Eastern countries.

This systematic review study was conducted in March and April 2020. According to the World Health Organization classification, studies published up to April 2020 on older adults aged 60 years and older were included. STROBE was used to screen and evaluate articles. Articles were searched without language restrictions using Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Magiran, Proquest, SID, Noormags, IranDoc, and the keywords of quality of life, elder, aging, aging, seniors, and old age conducted in all Middle Eastern countries.

In the initial search, 1606 articles were obtained. After screening, finally, 123 articles were reviewed. The results were classified into four categories, including socio-demographic, psychological, physical, and spiritual factors. The results showed that socio-demographic and physical factors were the most important factors. In Iran, demographic factors, in Turkey, diseases, and the Arab countries, health-related behaviors were more frequent and had a significant relationship with quality of life.

The elderlychr('39')s quality of life in the Middle East is related to various factors, including socio-demographic, psychological, physical, and spiritual factors; therefore, it is necessary to plan at different levels to increase their quality of life according to the relevant factors.

Many studies have illustrated climate change effects on social variables and health. This study aimed to identify the SDH associated with climate change.
 

The present study is a review study with a systematic search. The keywords related to climate change and social variables were searched in the Web of Science and PubMed databases until June 2018. In the initial search 12097 articles were obtained and after the elimination of duplicate and non-related articles, 5932 articles remained After studying the abstracts, 342 articles were excluded based on entry and exit criteria (studies that were not related to climate change and SDH) and 43 articles remained. In the next phase, the full text of the articles was evaluated by two evaluators individually and the consensus method was used. 23 papers were finally included in the study.

According to the review, social variables related to climate change were divided into 5 different categories of variables, including structural variables related to climate change (socioeconomic status), variables related to social status and work conditions (access to health services, unemployment, immigration, inequality, education, work condition, food security), variables related to social relationships and social networks (social movements, urban warfare, riot, group protests, interpersonal violence), individual variables related to lifestyle (place of living; city/village), and individual variables (age, race, gender) based on social determinants of health.

Climate change has a wide range of social outcomes.. Various groups that are vulnerable to climate change include women, elderlies, children, villagers, and workers.

The global climate change that is currently happening on earth is affecting the ecosystem, environment, and the health of animals, humans and other species. Today, the climate change is one of the greatest challenges that mankind and natural world are faced with. The purpose of this study is to identify the health consequences of climate change on human health such dysentery disease in different climate zone in Iran. The research is a retrospective cohort study which uses secondary data. In data analysis, tests of Poisson regression model were used for longitudinal data. According to the current study, the average monthly maximum temperature and rainy days have the highest correlation with the incidence of dysentery disease in men and women. It also shows that there is a significant correlation between climate and dysentery disease in children and adults over the age of 65 years. The results of current study indicated that climate factors in each climatic zone have different effects on the health.

 Considering the increasing population of the elderly in different societies, it is important to pay attention to their basic physical and mental needs and Quality of Life (QOL). This study was conducted to acquire a comprehensive view of the QOL of the Iranian elderly and its associated factors.  This is a review article with a systematic search. In November 2016, Persian and English language articles were searched in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Magiran, SID, Iran Scientific Information and Research Institute (IranDoc), Iranpsych, Noormags with the keywords of “elderly”, “adults”, “aged”, “Quality of Life”, “life quality”, “QOL”, “Iran”, and “older”. The related articles were assessed by the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria and date compilation were taken until June 2016.   Through systematic search, 70 articles in various areas of QOL for the elderly were found. These areas included interventions in the QOL of the elderly (11 articles), demographic factors related to the QOL of the elderly (21 articles), the QOL of the elderly patients (7 articles), the status of the QOL of the elderly in Iran (14 articles), the QOL of the elderly (10 articles), and the effect of social protection on the QOL of the elderly (7 articles). About 92% of the articles reported the status of elderly QOL as low and moderate and 7% of the articles reported it as high. The QOL of the elderly is influenced by social support, economic factors, social class, demographic characteristics, physical condition, place of residence, and educational and sports activities.  Based on the obtained results, educational, nutritional and sports interventions, marital life, high education, home life, religious orientation, social participation, social support, health status, high socioeconomic status, and appropriate employment could increase the QOL of the elderly.

In today's world, men and women live together in different ways. According to statistics; cohabitation as a new form of living together is increasing. Since cohabitation challenged family institution, logical facing to these challenges is a must and need policymaking. Policymaking, in turn, requires an understanding of the factors leading to cohabitation. So this review article aimed to examine the determinants of cohabitation.
This article is a systematic review article. Cohabitation keyword was searched in most important Persian and English databases limited to years between 2000 to 2016. Finally, twelve articles were selected and reviewed.
The results explained three factors affect tend to cohabitation. At the macro level, liberal and neoliberal policies, commodification and fluidity of modern life; in the middle level, family status, religion and culture; and in the micro level, wellbeing, economic rationality, age, gender, and education; were determinants of tending to cohabitation.
The tendency to cohabitation could be reduced by changing in economic and social policies, facilitate the marriage condition, creating economic security, eliminating gender-based discrimination and providing training for young.